The nutrition of meat-type ducks. 1. The effects of dietary protein in isoenergetic diets on biological performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Siregar ◽  
RB Cumming ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Optimum Protein Level ◽  
Meat Type

An experiment was conducted with 1-day-old male and female White Pekin ducklings and four dietary protein levels (18, 20, 22 and 24%) from 0 to 2 weeks and eight dietary protein (%) combinations (18/18, 20/20, 24/24, 18/16, 20/16, 22/16, 24/16) from 3 to 8 weeks in isoenergetic (12.7 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg) diets to determine the optimum protein level needed for maximum biological performance of meat-type ducks. At 8 weeks of age male ducks were heavier, had better feed conversion ratios and less carcass fat than females. For both sexes carcass fat increased substantially between 6 and 8 weeks. Younger ducklings had better efficiency of energy utilization than older ducks. Dietary protein levels did not affect the energetic efficiency of gain, efficiency of energy utilization and carcass composition at 8 weeks. The significant effect of dietary protein on the fat content of the wet carcasses was observed in ducklings at 2 and 4 weeks, and a similar trend was seen at 6 weeks. It is suggested that for growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, 19 and 16 % levels of protein in diets containing 12.7 MJ ME/kg are adequate to meet the protein needs of Australian ducklings from 0 to 2 weeks and 3 to 8 weeks of age respectively.

The nutrition of meat-type ducks. 3. The effects of fibre on biological performance and carcass characteristics

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Siregar ◽  
RB Cumming ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Meat Type

Three experiments were conducted with male ducks and male broiler chickens to study the effects of dietary fibre on biological performance. Vegetable oil and dextrose were used to maintain diets isonitrogenous and isoenergetic in experiment 1. Both species had higher weight gains, dressed carcass weights and better feed conversion ratios (FCR) on the higher fibre and higher oil-based diets, but determined metabolizable energy (ME) was also higher on these diets. In experiments 2 and 3, weight gain was the same but feed intake and ME intake were higher, and FCR was poorer on the diets with highest fibre content. Dietary ME was lowest on these diets. Ducklings required more ME per g gain than did chickens, but utilized it more efficiently than did chickens. In both species fibre appeared to reduce availability of ME. Ducklings had less protein and more fat in the carcass than chickens. For both species, fat content of the carcass decreased and protein content increased with increasing amounts of fibre in the diet. Neither species was able to utilize dietary fibre; negative digestibility values were obtained consistently.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 4. Effects of sex on response to dietary protein level

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
B. Hardy ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Protein Levels

SUMMARYTwo barrows and two gilts from each of 16 litters, by Landrace sires out of Large White × Landrace females, were fed individually one of 4 dietary protein levels (approximately 14%, 17%, 20% and 23% CP) at a common energy level (approximately 3165 kcal/kg DE), from an initial weight of 23 kg to slaughter at 59 kg.The 17% CP diet gave 19% faster growth and 17% better feed conversion than the 14% CP diet (P < 0·01) with no evident change resulting from further increase in protein level, while the 23% CP diet gave 29% more lean than the 14% CP diet (P< 0·01), as assessed by dis-section of a sample joint.There were no significant differences between sexes in growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion or carcass composition. Only depth of backfat on the shoulder and at ‘K’ and carcass length showed significant (P < 0·05) sex differences, and the only sex × diet interaction was in eye-muscle area. The results are discussed in relation to those presented in the previous three papers of the series.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary protein on the growth of mullet, Chelon labrosus, reared in sea cages

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Altunok ◽  
Osman Özden
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chelon Labrosus

Abstract The purpose of the study was to obtain preliminary data on the effect of dietary protein on the growth of the thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) juveniles reared in net sea-cages. The juveniles (6.2 ± 0.61 g) were obtained from the wild and were stocked into net sea-cages at a stocking rate of 100 juveniles per cubic meter and fed with experimental diets including 25, 30, or 35% crude protein for 87 days. The highest mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were 39.5 g and 2.13% day−1, respectively, at protein levels of 30%. The diet also resulted in the most efficient feed conversion ratio of 1.61.

PERFORMANCE, CARCASS COMPOSITION, AND FAT COMPOSITION OF BOARS, GILTS, AND BARROWS FED TWO LEVELS OF PROTEIN

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWELL ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

Forty-eight pigs, 16 each of boars, barrows, and gilts, were allotted at an average age of 41 days to two treatment groups based on dietary protein level, either 18% protein throughout or 16% protein in the growing period (start to 50 kg) and 13% protein in the finishing period (50–90 kg). Feed intake during the growing period was influenced by sex with boars eating less (P < 0.05) than barrows. No significant differences in feed intake were observed for the overall experiment but the trend established in the growing period still existed. In the overall experiment sex did not influence rate of gain, which averaged 0.72 kg/day. Higher dietary protein level improved (P < 0.01) gain in comparison with the lower levels. A significant interaction existed between sex and protein, boars responding more to high protein than barrows, and gilts being intermediate. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by sex and protein level, boars being superior to barrows or gilts and pigs fed the higher protein diet (3.16 kg feed per kg gain) superior to those fed the lower protein diet (3.36 kg feed per kg gain). Barrows dressed 79.6% and gilts 79.3% both higher (P < 0.01) than boars, which dressed 75.9%. Boars had a grade index of 102.6 and gilts 101.4, both of which were higher (P < 0.01) than barrows with 97.9. Other carcass measurements generally ranked the sexes in order of superiority as boars, gilts, and barrows. Boar carcasses had more muscle and less fat (P < 0.01) than barrows, gilts being intermediate. Dietary protein level did not significantly influence carcass composition. Six muscles were analyzed for protein, fat, and ash. No significant differences between sexes were found, but higher protein level increased (P < 0.05) the percentage protein in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Fatty acid analyses of backfat showed no significant differences except in linoleic and linolenic acids, for which boars and gilts had higher percentages than barrows. Detectable sexual odor on cooking was judged to be present in 56% of boar carcasses. If procedures to eliminate sexual odor can be developed, boars offer promise as market animals, particularly if they are fed relatively high protein diets.

scholarly journals Dietary protein and energy requirements of juvenile freshwater angelfish

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jener Alexandre Sampaio Zuanon ◽  
Ana Lúcia Salaro ◽  
Sofia Simões Silveira Moraes ◽  
Leandro Moreno de Oliveira Alves ◽  
Eric Márcio Balbino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Final Length ◽  
Pterophyllum Scalare

Dietary protein and energy requirements of juvenile freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) were evaluated. A 3 × 2 factorial design was used, with three dietary crude protein levels being tested (26, 30, and 34% of CP) combined with two digestible energy levels (3,100 and 3,300 kcal DE/kg of diet) in three replicates. Juveniles averaging 2.33 ± 0.26 g were reared in a 25L-aquarium with controlled temperature (26 ± 1ºC), biological filter and stocking density of six fish/aquarium. Fish were fed ad libitum at 09:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. The following performance parameters were evaluated: final weight, final length, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor. Fish fed diets with 26% CP showed greater protein efficiency values when compared to those fed diets with 34% CP. Diets with 26% of CP and 3100 kcal DE/kg could meet the nutritional requirements of juvenile freshwater angelfish.

THE EFFECT OF THE ESSENTIAL TO NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACID RATIO ON TURKEY PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. BEDFORD ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Protein Intake

The effect of altering the proportion of dietary protein supplied as essential amino acids (EAA) on the performance and carcass characteristics of young turkeys (to 3 wk of age) was investigated at three dietary protein levels (22, 26 and 30%) using semipurified diets. Four ratios of EAA to nonessential amino acids (NEAA) were employed (70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60) at each dietary protein level. Maxima in weight gain, percent and total carcass protein and feed intake were observed when EAA supplied 60% of total protein (i.e., the 60:40 ratio) at each protein level. The differences in weight gain and total carcass protein were largely attributed to differences in feed intake, since feed conversion efficiency was relatively unaffected by altering the EAA: NEAA ratio. More specifically, weight gain was shown to be limited by total protein intake. Since weight gain was maximized at the 60:40 ratio diets (in which all EAA are supplied at 128% of requirement) at least one of the EAA requirement values is incorrect. Key words: Turkeys, essential amino acids, protein requirement

ENERGY UTILIZATION BY THE LACOMBE AND YORKSHIRE BREEDS OF PIG

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. SHARMA ◽  
L. G. YOUNG ◽  
G. C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Energy Equilibrium

A comparative slaughter trial involving 32 weanling pigs was conducted to estimate the energy requirements for maintenance and production and to compare the energetic efficiency of Lacombe and Yorkshire pigs. The coefficients of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and ME/DE ratio were similar for the two breeds. The fasting heat production and energy requirements for maintenance of energy equilibrium for the Yorkshire pigs were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than for the Lacombe pigs. Differences in the efficiency of utilization of ME for the function of maintenance and for production were not significant. Estimates of net energy for maintenance and net energy for gain of the corn-soybean meal diet are presented. The study suggests that these net energy values, like the DE and ME values, may be used for diet formulation without need for correction for breed. The use of the exponent 0.56 rather than 0.75 as the reference base of metabolic body size led to increased precision, as indicated by higher estimates of the coefficient of determination.

scholarly journals The effect of replacement of fish meal with Amino Acids and Optimized Protein Levels in the diet of the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-W. Abdel-Warith ◽  
N. Al-Asgah ◽  
Y. El-Sayed ◽  
A. El-Otaby ◽  
S. Mahboob
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Plant Protein Sources ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract This study was conducted to determine an appropriate replacement of fishmeal with amino acids (AAs) and optimized protein levels in practical diets for Oreochromis niloticus with mean initial body weight 12.52±0.63g. Six experimental and a control diet (total 7 diets) divided into two groups, and a control diet (D1) containing 32% protein. The first group contained three diets that included different dietary protein levels, viz. 20 (D2), 25 (D3), and 30% (D4) with AAs when replacing fishmeal by plant protein sources. In the second group, the diets were contained 20 (D5), 25 (D6), and 30% (D7) without AAs. The best growth performance was achieved in fish fed with diet D1. Total feed intake was increased with an increase in dietary protein level with AAs. The specific growth rate showed a similar pattern with a significant difference between control, D4 and D7 compared to other groups. The feed conversion ratio decreased when protein levels in the diets increased. The protein efficiency ratio showed a similar performance, with a slight increase between the control diet and diets with AAs. However, insignificant differences (P>0.05) were observed between diets with and without AAs. An economic evaluation indicated that inclusion of low fishmeal in tilapia diets reduced the price/kg of diets compared to control.

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