Energy and nitrogen utilization for body growth in young sheep from two breeds with differing capacities for wool growth

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Graham ◽  
TW Searle
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Wool Growth

Utilization of energy and nitrogen was assessed by serial slaughter and intake/loss balances, and wool growth was measured, as young sheep grew from c. 25 to 30 kg on either 700 or 1000 g/day of a high-protein diet. Comparisons were made between animals with low (Dorset Horn) and high (Corriedale) propensities to produce wool. Depending on feed intake, fleece-free liveweight gain was 102-215 g/day in the Dorsets and 88-172 g/day in the Corriedales; corresponding growth rates of clean dry wool were c. 5 and 10 g/day, there being little effect of feed intake. Digestibilities of protein and energy were 84 and 74% respectively in both breeds at the lower level of feeding; at the higher level the values were 80 and 71 % in the Dorsets and significantly lower, 77 and 69 %, in the Corriedales. Metabolizable energy was 83 � 0.3 % of digestible energy at the low intake and 86 � 0.5 % at the high intake in both breeds. It averaged 11.7 �. 0.07 MJ/kg feed dry matter, being 0.2 MJ/kg more at the low than at the high intake and, in the latter case only, 0.3 MJ/kg more in the Dorsets than in the Corriedales. At the low and high levels of feeding respectively, the fleece gained 0.18-0.16 MJ and 0.93-0.89 g nitrogen daily in the Dorsets compared with 0.31-0.34 MJ and 1.65-1.81 g nitrogen daily in the Corriedales. The corresponding average daily retentions in the body were 1.74-2.46 MJ and 1.80-3.49 g nitrogen in the Dorsets and 1.34-2.08 MJ and 1.25-3.07 g nitrogen in the Corriedales. Thus body growth accounted for 91-94% of the energy retention and 6640% of the nitrogen retention in the Dorsets, but only 81-86 % and 43-63 % respectively in the Corriedales. The composition of weight gain was the same in both breeds and 15-20% of the energy stored in the body was in protein. It is estimated that the marginal efficiency of use of metabolizable energy was 31-34% for body growth and 16-19% for wool growth. It is concluded that, given a high protein diet, animals with a strong propensity to grow wool diverted an appreciable amount of metabolizable energy from body growth to wool production, thereby restricting deposition of both fat and protein.

scholarly journals PROTEIN METABOLISM AND EXCHANGE AS INFLUENCED BY CONSTRICTION OF THE VENA CAVA

1948 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. McKee ◽  
Paul R. Schloerb ◽  
John A. Schilling ◽  
Garson H. Tishkoff ◽  
George H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Output

Constriction of inferior vena cava above the diaphragm is used to produce experimental ascites in the dog. This type of experimental ascites drains the body protein reserves, reduces the level of circulating plasma proteins, and in effect is an internal plasmapheresis. As the ascitic fluid is withdrawn and the proteins measured, we observe a production of ascitic protein (80–90 gm. per week) comparable to that removed by plasmapheresis (bleeding and replacement of red cells in saline). High protein diet tends to decrease the ascites but the protein content of the ascitic fluid may increase. Sodium chloride increases notably the volume of the ascites which accumulates and the total ascitic protein output increases. Sodium-free salt mixtures have a negative influence. High protein diet low in sodium salts gives minimal ascitic accumulation under these conditions. The question of circulation of the ascitic fluid is raised—how rapid is the absorption and the related accumulation?

The effect of plane of nutrition on the body composition of two breeds of wearier sheep fed a high protein diet

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle ◽  
N. McC. Graham ◽  
J. B. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Body Component ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYCorriedale and Dorset Horn castrate male (wether) lambs reared at pasture were weaned at 19 kg live weight (LW), brought indoors and fed a high protein diet such that half of each group grew at ca. 200 g/day and the other half at ca. 100 g/day. Animals were slaughtered at 25 and 30 kg LW and chemical composition (protein, fat, energy, water and ash) of the body determined. The relationship between each body component and shorn empty-body weight was examined by regression analysis.Within levels of feeding the results were similar in the two breeds. When comparisons were made between feeding levels, the slower-growing animals contained more fat, energy and ash than the faster-growing group, less water, but similar amounts of protein at any given empty-body weight.

scholarly journals Energy and nitrogen metabolism of lactating rabbits

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Partridge ◽  
M. F. Fullera ◽  
J. D. Pullar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Energy Retention

1. Twelve crossbred does (New Zealand White × California) were offered a diet of high protein and metabolizable energy content (249 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 13·6 MJ/kg DM respectively) throughout a 32 d lactation at one of four feeding levels (240, 280, 320 or 360 g/d). Each feeding level was replicated three times.2. Milk output was measured by weighing the does before and after their one daily suckling period.3. The lactation was divided into four consecutive 8-d periods. Each doe was placed in a direct calorimeter for 48 h around the mid-point of each of these periods and measurements of energy exchange were made. Nitrogen balance was also measured throughout the study period.4. Milk samples were taken from a parallel group of animals and the estimates of milk composition were applied to the main group of does.5. From the second period of lactation onwards nearly all does mobilized body tissue to support milk energy secretion, although there was no loss of weight. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the apparent efficiency with which metabolizable energy and body-tissue energy were utilized for milk production. Overall, the relationship was described by the equation:Period of lactation … 2 3 4Milk E = 0.735 me intake – 0·938Body ER –296 –280 –276(se 0-020) (se 0-039)where Milk E is the milk energy output, ME intake is the metabolizable energy intake and Body ER is the body energy retention, all expressed in kJ/kg body-weight0·75 per d.All does appeared to be in positive N balance throughout lactation on this high-protein diet.

Body composition studies with the milk-fed lamb. II. The effect of the age of the lamb and the protein content of the diet on the chemical composition of the body and its organs

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Jagusch ◽  
B. W. Norton ◽  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Available N ◽  
Low Protein

SUMMARYEighteen male cross-bred lambs (aged 2–5 days) in two equal groups were given artificial milk diets of either low- or high-protein content; subgroups of three lambs were slaughtered after 2, 4 and 6 weeks on experiment. The composition of the change in empty body weight (E.B.W.), and the chemical composition of the change in weight of the separate compartments and organs, were determined by the comparative slaughter method.Lambs given the high-protein diet made significant gains in weight and in all chemical components in all periods. The composition of their E.B.W. was closely related to E.B.W. regardless of age. Lambs given the low-protein diet made only small gains in weight in 6 weeks, of which 76% was fat. The chemical composition of their E.B.W. was closely related to E.B.W. within each age group. The net gain of protein of these lambs in 6 weeks represented only 1% of the total weight gain, and over 50% of the protein gain was in wool. The skin and blood lost protein during the first 2 weeks, and failed to recover this loss during the remaining 4 weeks. Other organs lost protein initially but recovered this loss between 2 and 6 weeks.It was concluded that the initial loss of protein represented the labile protein reserves of the lamb, and the subsequent recovery was an adaptation to the low-protein diet. Furthermore, the results with both diets indicated that the skin and blood were the most inefficient of the organs in the body in utilizing the available N during a period of protein deficiency, or during a period of abundance in the dietary supply of N.

Effects of the absence of protozoa from birth or from weaning on the growth and methane production of lambs

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hegarty ◽  
S. H. Bird ◽  
B. A. Vanselow ◽  
R. Woodgate
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Enteric Methane

Merino ewes (n108) joined to a single sire were allocated into three flocks, with ewes in one flock being chemically defaunated in the second month of gestation. Single lambs born to defaunated ewes (BF lambs) were heavier at birth and at weaning than lambs born to faunated ewes (F lambs). After weaning, all BF and F lambs were individually housed then half of the F lambs were chemically defaunated (DF lambs). In trial 1, BF, DF and F lambs were offered a concentrate-based diet containing either 14 or 19 % protein for a 10-week period. Wool growth rate of BF lambs was 10 % higher than that of DF or F lambs and was increased 9 % by the high-protein diet. While there was no main effect of protozoa treatment on enteric methane production, there was an interaction between protozoa treatment and diet for methane production. BF and DF lambs produced more methane than F lambs when fed the low-protein diet but when fed the high-protein diet, emissions were less than (BF lambs) or not different from (DF lambs) emissions from F lambs. In trial 2, lambs were offered 800 g roughage per d and, again, methane production was not affected by the presence of protozoa in the rumen. The data indicate that while lambs without rumen protozoa have greater protein availability than do faunated ruminants, there is no main effect of rumen protozoa on enteric methane production by lambs fed either a concentrate or roughage diet.

scholarly journals A high-protein diet increases faecal IgA concentrations in baby pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (OCE5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vitari ◽  
A. Morise ◽  
M. Formal ◽  
C. Garcia ◽  
K. Mace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet

scholarly journals Measurement of the Intestinal pH in Mice under Various Conditions Reveals Alkalization Induced by Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Kouki Shimizu ◽  
Issei Seiki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Goto ◽  
Takeshi Murata
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
The Stability

The intestinal pH can greatly influence the stability and absorption of oral drugs. Therefore, knowledge of intestinal pH is necessary to understand the conditions for drug delivery. This has previously been measured in humans and rats. However, information on intestinal pH in mice is insufficient despite these animals being used often in preclinical testing. In this study, 72 female ICR mice housed in SPF (specific pathogen-free) conditions were separated into nine groups to determine the intestinal pH under conditions that might cause pH fluctuations, including high-protein diet, ageing, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, several antibiotic treatment regimens and germ-free mice. pH was measured in samples collected from the ileum, cecum and colon, and compared to control animals. An electrode, 3 mm in diameter, enabled accurate pH measurements with a small amount of gastrointestinal content. Consequently, the pH values in the cecum and colon were increased by high-protein diet, and the pH in the ileum was decreased by PPI. Drastic alkalization was induced by antibiotics, especially in the cecum and colon. The alkalized pH values in germ-free mice suggested that the reduction in the intestinal bacteria caused by antibiotics led to alkalization. Alkalization of the intestinal pH caused by antibiotic treatment was verified in mice. We need further investigations in clinical settings to check whether the same phenomena occur in patients.

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