Phenology of sunflower cultivars. II. Controlled-environment studies of temperature and photoperiod effects

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Goyne ◽  
GL Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Temperature Interactions

The effects of photoperiod and temperature on the phenology of the open-pollinated sunflower cultivar, Sunfola 68-2, the hybrid, Hysun 30, and its parents, were studied in five experiments using the CSIRO Canberra phytotron. Photoperiod and temperature influenced the number of days to first anthesis (FA) mainly during the emergence (E) to head-visible (HV) stage of growth. Leaf counts and plant height measurements supported this finding. There were major differences in the responses of the two cultivars to short photoperiods and low temperatures. The differences were removed by increasing temperature to a regimen of 27/22�C (day/night) or by increasing the photoperiod to 14 h. At low temperature, Sunfola 68-2 showed little response to photoperiods of between 10 and 14 h, whereas Hysun 30 showed a marked increase in duration of the E-HV stage for photoperiods shorter than 14 h. At photoperiods of 10 and 12 h there was a general decline in all measured attributes with increases in temperature, except the number of leaves on Sunfola 68-2 which remained relatively constant. Hysun 30 was similar to its male parent ('R' line) in response to photoperiod and temperature. The experiments suggest that the effects of radiation levels on sunflower phenology and photoperiod x temperature interactions in the 14-18 h photoperiod range require further investigation.

INTERACTION OF TEMPERATURE AND CO2 ENRICHMENT ON SOYBEAN: GROWTH AND DRY MATTER PARTITIONING

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
NASSER SIONIT ◽  
B. R. STRAIN ◽  
E. P. FLINT
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration will affect growth and productivity of many plant species under various environmental conditions. Since these increases in CO2 may also increase mean annual temperatures, it is important to determine how the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) will respond to changes in temperature regimes associated with atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Morphology and growth responses of the Ransom cultivar, which is adapted to a southern U.S.A. climate, to day/night temperature regimes of 18/12, 22/16, and 26/20 °C and atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 350, 675 and 1000 μL L−1 were studied in controlled environment chambers. Plant responses were determined at 20, 40, 67 and 115 (late senescence to maturity) days after planting. Plant height and number of branches increased slightly with CO2 enrichment and more significantly with increasing temperature. Root to shoot ratio remained unchanged at different CO2 concentrations but decreased as temperature increased. Leaf weight ratio and specific leaf weight decreased with increasing temperature. Low temperature reduced dry weight of all plant parts, but the reduction was ameliorated by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The results show that increasing the atmospheric CO2 level causes soybean to grow more vigorously at low temperatures. Although controlled environment experiments have their drawbacks in regard to natural field conditions, the present data indicate that soybean will have enhanced growth even at moderately cool temperatures in the future global CO2 concentrations.Key words: Soybean growth, low temperature, CO2 × temperature interaction, environmental control

Environment and Bromoxynil Phytotoxicity

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Grzegorz Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Simulated Rain

Experiments in controlled-environment chambers indicated that high temperature, 30 C, increased the phytotoxicity of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) to wild mustard (Sinapis arvensisL. # SINAR) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL. # AMARE) compared to low temperature, 10 C, during and after treatment. Bromoxynil phytotoxicity generally was higher at relative humidities of 90 to 95% compared to 40 to 60%, but relative humidity had less influence on bromoxynil phytotoxicity than did temperature. A simulated rain immediately after bromoxynil treatment reduced control of both species, but the reduction was of no practical importance for wild mustard. The data indicate that wild mustard and redroot pigweed control would be reduced by bromoxynil application during a period of low temperatures or to plants in advanced growth stages.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering Responses of Cyclamen persicum to Temperature and Photosynthetic Photon Flux

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 834B-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wook Oh* ◽  
In Hye Cheon ◽  
Ki Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cyclamen Persicum ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

This research was conducted to investigate the growth and flowering responses of Cyclamen persicum Mill. `Piccolo' to temperature and photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPF), and to obtain fundamental data for production of good quality pot plant. Cyclamen plants with 10 fully unfolded leaves were grown in growth chambers maintained at three day/night temperatures [20/10 (LT), 25/15 (MT), and 30/20 °C (HT)] combined with three PPF [250 (LF), 350 (MF), and 650 (HF) μmol·m-2·s-1] under 14 h-photoperiod. After 3 months, the higher the temperature was, the greater plant width was. It was the greatest under MT/MF and HT/MF. The number of leaves was greater with increasing temperature and PPF. Petiole length, leaf size, and fresh weight were higher with increase in temperature but decrease in PPF. Days to flowering were lower in MT/MF and MT/HF, but higher under LT regardless of PPF. The number of flowers was the highest under MT/MF and MT/HF, and higher under MF in each temperature treatment. Flowering period was longer in LT and MT compared with HT. Most leaves of plants grown under HT curled upward because of boron deficiency induced by higher temperature and lower humidity. Chlorophyll content was higher in medium and low temperature, except LT/HF. The lower side of leaf in low temperature was more reddish compared to that in higher temperature due to some pigments considered as anthocyanin. Photosynthesis was the highest in MT/MF, but low in MT/HF and LT/HF in accordance with the chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) which was lower under the same environment. These results indicate that 25/15°C and 350 μmol·m-2·s-1 yielded the best pot cyclamen in this study.

In situ Tensile Experiments at Low Temperatures on Niobium Single Crystals by H.V.E.M.

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
F. H. Louchet ◽  
L. P. Kubin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Slip System ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Axis ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Screw Dislocations ◽  
Source Operation

Experiments have been carried out on the 3 MeV electron microscope in Toulouse. The low temperature straining holder has been previously described Images given by an image intensifier are recorded on magnetic tape.The microtensile niobium samples are cut in a plane with the two operative slip directions [111] and lying in the foil plane. The tensile axis is near [011].Our results concern:- The transition temperature of niobium near 220 K: at this temperature and below an increasing difference appears between the mobilities of the screw and edge portions of dislocations loops. Source operation and interactions between screw dislocations of different slip system have been recorded.

Effect of Spraying Foliar with Humus and Izomen Biostimulants on Some Vegetative and Flowering Parameters of Freesia hybrida L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Neveen Anwer Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Freesia Hybrida ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The University

The experiment has been conducted in the nursery of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, the University of Basrah to study the effect of Spraying foliar of the biostimulants Izomen and Humus on the growth and flowering of Freesia plants. The corms in similar size were planted in pots with a diameter and height of 25 cm, which filled with 2.5 kg of sterilized loam soil. After 50 days of planting, the plants sprayed with Humus at 0, 1.5, 2.5 ml L-1 and after five days sprayed with Izomen at 0, 1.5, 2.5 ml L-1 The different concentrations of biostimulants are sprayed three times, the period between one spray and another 15 is days. The results showed that the spraying of Humus at 2.5 ml L-1 significantly increased the plant height, the number of leaves and the leaf content of chlorophyll recorded (29.56 cm, 8.33 and 58.43%) respectively. Moreover, it is recorded early the flowering date (130 days), and the highest flowering mean is (2.12 inflorescence/plant) and the highest period of the remained flowers on the plant and the vase life (10 and 8 days) respectively. The effects of both Humus and Izomen were similar. In addition to the highest mean of their interaction at 2.5 ml L -1for all the studied traits.

INVAR M93

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Ni Alloy

Abstract Invar is an Fe-Ni alloy with 36% Ni content that exhibits the lowest expansion of known metals from very low temperatures up to approximately 230 deg C (445 deg F). Invar M93 is a cryogenic Invar with improved weldability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: FE-143. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

PENGARUH KOMPOS SAMPAH KOTA DAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PAKCOY (BRASSICA RAPA, L. CHINENSIS) PADA ALUVIAL KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Wiwik Ambarsari ◽  
Henly Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Experimental Garden

The study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of city waste compost and cattle manure on the growth and yield of pakcoy plants (Brassica rapa, L. Chinensis) in Aluvial, Indramayu Regency. The study was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Wiralodra University, Indramayu Regency from March to August 2018. This study used Factorial Pattern Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor is city waste compost and the second factor is cattle manure with 4 levels: 0%, 3.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0%, repeated twice. The results showed that there was an independent influence between city waste compost and cattle manure on plant height and number of leaves. The best combination to increase the feasibility weight of pakcoy consumption is by giving city waste compost 9.0% (S4) and cattle manure 6.0% (K3).

scholarly journals A Comparative Electrochemical and Morphological Investigation on the Behavior of NiCr and CoCr Dental Alloys at Various Temperatures

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Florentina Golgovici ◽  
Mariana Prodana ◽  
Florentina Gina Ionascu ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
Dental Alloys ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The purpose of our study is to compare the behavior of two reprocessed dental alloys (NiCr and CoCr) at different temperatures considering the idea that food and drinks in the oral cavity create various compositions at different pH levels; the novelty is the investigation of temperature effect on corrosion parameters and ion release of dental alloys. Electrochemical stability was studied together with morphology, elemental composition and ions release determination. The results obtained are in good concordance: electrochemistry studies reveal that the corrosion rate is increasing by increasing the temperature. From SEM coupled with EDS, the oxide film formed on the surface of the alloys is stable at low temperatures and a trend to break after 310K. ICP-MS results evidence that in accordance with increasing temperature, the quantities of ions released from the alloys immersed in artificial saliva also increase, though they still remain small, less than 20 ppm.

FEC-LiTFSI-Pyr1ATFSI Ionic Liquid Electrolyte to Improve Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Zhang ◽  
Zhen Feng Wang ◽  
Cui Hua Li ◽  
Jian Hong Liu ◽  
Qian Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Composite Electrolyte ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Fluoroethylene Carbonate

N-methyl-N-allylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR1ATFSI) with substantial supercooling behavior is synthesized to develop low temperature electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Additive fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in LiTFSI/PYR1ATFSI/EC/PC/EMC is found that it can reduce the freezing point. LiFePO4/Li coin cells with the FEC-PYR1ATFSI electrolyte exhibit good capacity retention, reversible cycling behavior at low temperatures. The good performance can be attributed to the decrease in the freezing point and the polarization of the composite electrolyte.

Anthracene fluorescence at low temperatures. I. Purified single crystals

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Lyons ◽  
LJ Warren
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrum ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Free Exciton ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Exciton Emission ◽  
Polarized Emission ◽  
Impurity Bands ◽  
Phonon Structure

The low-temperature fluorescence spectrum of purified vapour-grown anthracene single crystals is presented and the free-exciton emission distinguished from a number of defect or impurity bands present even in the purest crystals. In assigning the observed bands the symmetry of the active vibrations and the origin of background fluorescence and deformation bands are discussed. The phonon structure in the region of the fluorescence origin was found to be almost completely b-polarized. Emission of electronic origin (25103 cm-1) was too weak to be observed. Polarization ratios of the principal vibronio bands at 5.6 K are given.

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