The interaction of nutrients and tillage methods on wheat and weed development

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Gates ◽  
DB Jones ◽  
WJ Muller ◽  
JS Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Tillage Methods

This study evaluated the relative performance of spring wheat under direct drill in comparison with more conventional tillage methods, under a wide range of nutrition treatments and in the presence of an aggressive weed component, Phalaris aguatica (syn. tuberosa). Four tillages were applied: conventional fallow; direct drilled plus pre-emergence grazing; direct drilled plus the pre-sowing herbicide glyphosate; and reduced tillage. There were five levels of phosphorus and two of nitrogen, and a post-emergent herbicide 2,4-D was applied to half of the plots. Growth of crop and weeds was measured at six stages of development, together with final yields. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and concentration were measured throughout development. Plant nutrients were not released as efficiently with direct drilling as cultivation. Crop plants in direct drilled were not only deficient in nitrogen but also in phosphorus during early development, whereas cultivation ensured that high nutrient levels were attained in fallow plots. Direct drilled plots did not appear to recover completely from this initial deficiency unless fertilized and freed from weed competition. When weeds were controlled, yields of direct drilled plots were comparable with yields of fallow at higher levels of phosphorus and nitrogen, because at these high nutrient levels yields in fallow were suppressed. However, weed competition and/or poorer nutrition lowered direct drill yields. It was concluded that direct drilling requires a new approach, sensitive to the changed agronomic conditions that it engenders. Competition with weeds may be avoided by choosing a vigorous cultivar, avoiding dominant weed species and using herbicides strategically and economically. A high plane of nutrition proniotes the success of direct drilling.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage method and weeding regime on soil weed seed bank status and yield performance of wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
MJ Khatun ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Tillage Methods

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory and net house of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2012 to March 2014. Wheat (cv. BARI Gom-26) was sown with two tillage methods viz., (i) conventional tillage and (ii) stale seedbed technique and nine weeding regimes viz., (i) Unweeded (Control), (ii) Weed free, (iii) Hand weeding (HW) at 15 Days after sowing (DAS), (iv) HW at 15 and 45 DAS, (v)   HW at 25 and 45 DAS (vi) HW at 25 DAS (vii) HW at 25 and 60 DAS (viii) 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and (ix) 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS + HW at 60 DAS. The design was split-plot with three replications where tillage method was assigned to the main plots and weeding regime to the sub plots. Conventionally tilled plots were infested with 12 weed species of which the five most dominant weed species in descent order were Polygonum coccineum L, Chenopodium album L, Cynodon dactylon L., Sonchus arvensis L. and Cyperus rotundus L. In stale seedbed out of 15 weed species Digitaria sanguinalis L. and Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk. was dominant instead of Chenopodium album L. and Sonchus arvensis L. identified in conventional tillage. In soil weed seed bank study, 28 species were identified in conventional tillage and 30 in stale seedbed. Among them annuals were dominant over perennials and broadleaves over grasses and sedges. In conventional tillage, the five most dominant weed species in descent order were Chenopodium album L., Hedyotis corymbosa L., Sonchus arvensis L., Polygonum coccineum L. and Rotala ramosior L. while in stale seedbed, five dominant weeds were Polygonum coccineum L., Chenopodium album L., Cynodon dactylon L., Lindernia procumbens Krock. and L. hyssopifolia L. Except the number of spikelets spike-1, rest of all other yield attributes and yield of wheat were affected significantly by the tillage methods. Stale seedbed technique yielded the higher grain (3.54 t ha-1) and the conventional tillage yielded the lower (3.13 t ha-1). The effect of weeding regime was significant on wheat except plant height and 1000-grain weight. The highest grain yield (3.85 t ha-1) was recorded from weed free treatment followed by 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and lowest (3.22 t ha-1) from control. Interaction between the treatments was also. The highest grain yield (4.09 t ha-1) was recorded from the stale seedbed technique kept weed free followed by 2,4-D amine at 15 DAS and lowest grain yield (3.04 t ha-1) recorded from the conventional tillage retained unweeded.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 9-19, 2016

scholarly journals Outdoor Cultivation of the Microalga Chlorella vulgaris in a New Photobioreactor Configuration: The Effect of Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Alcinda P. Lopes ◽  
Francisca M. Santos ◽  
Tânia F. C. V. Silva ◽  
Vítor J. P. Vilar ◽  
José C. M. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Microalgal Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiance ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Microalgae can be a future source of biomass with a wide range of applications, including its use to solve current environmental issues. One of the main variables for microalgal cultivation is the light supply: (i) its intensity that often does not present a uniform spatial distribution inside the culture; (ii) photoperiod; and (iii) spectrum. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the growth of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in a tubular photobioreactor with compound parabolic collectors (CPCs) under outdoor conditions. The effect of ultraviolet and visible radiation on biomass productivity and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake was assessed. The maximum biomass productivity was (5 ± 1) × 10−3 g·L−1·h−1, and the specific growth rates ranged from (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10−2 to (2.0 ± 0.6) × 10−2 h−1. Regarding nutrient uptake, initial removal rates of (0.9 ± 0.4) mg N·L−1·h−1 for nitrogen and (0.17 ± 0.04) mg P·L−1·h−1 for phosphorus were reached. These values increased with visible and ultraviolet irradiance until certain values (143 WVIS·m−2 and 9 WUV·m−2 for biomass productivity; 101 WVIS·m−2 and 6 WUV·m−2 for nutrient removal) and then decreased for higher ones due to the photoinhibition phenomenon. Therefore, the application of CPCs to photobioreactors (PBRs) may be beneficial for microalgal culture in countries with higher latitude (with lower solar irradiance levels).

scholarly journals First experiences with direct drilling in Germany.

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Baeumer
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Conventional Practice ◽  
Tillage Methods

Conventional tillage methods were compared with direct drilling, using machines of 3 types, for wheat, barley, oats, maize and sugar beet on marginal and other soils. Each method of direct drilling sometimes gave substantial yield increments, though generally yields failed to equal or exceed those from conventional practice. Reasons for the differences are discussed. CCT. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The mineral nutrition of Luffa aegyptiaca

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2124-2132
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya
Keyword(s):  
Major Elements ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Appreciable Reduction

Five greenhouse experiments and a field experiment were carried out to determine the nutrient requirements of Luffa aegyptiaca L. by quantitatively determining the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium on its growth in sand culture and in poor lateritic soil. The effects of three pH regimes were also investigated. The species grew best at pH 6.5. When grown in a medium of pH 3.5, there was a significant reduction in growth at low nutrient levels, but at high nutrient levels there was no appreciable reduction in growth. The lack of any of the four nutrient elements limited growth in sand culture, but nitrogen and phosphorus seem to be the major elements limiting growth in the poor lateritic soil with calcium being required in lesser quantities. Suggestions were also made as to the possible application of these results to increase the production of L. aegyptiaca fruits, the fibrous interiors of which are now in great demand as sponges.

scholarly journals Weed interference on nutrient accumulation in the leaves of cassava under no-tillage or conventional tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Ricardo Pompermaier Ramella ◽  
Jaqueline de Araújo Barbosa ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Neumarcio Vilanova da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of weed competition on the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves and on the dry weight of the roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in the conventional and no-tillage systems, in two crop cycles. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design, with split-split plots and four replicates. The plots consisted of conventional tillage or no-tillage; the split plots, of the competition or not with weeds; and the split-split plots, of the evaluation periods (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, and 225 days after planting/pruning). In the first cycle, weed competition reduced the accumulation of nitrogen in 82.6 and 81.3% and of phosphorus in 65.7 and 85.3% under conventional tillage and no-tillage, respectively. In the second cycle, the reductions in the accumulation of nitrogen were of 41.1 and 52.4% and of phosphorus of 44.1 and 52.6%, in conventional tillage and no-tillage, respectively. The root dry weight of cassava grown with weed competition showed reductions of 15.8 and 11.2% under conventional tillage and no-tillage, respectively, only in the second cycle. Weed competition reduces the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of cassava in the conventional and no-tillage systems in both crop cycles, but reduces the dry matter of cassava roots only in the second cycle.

Influence of increased nutrient supply on Microcystis aeruginosa at cellular and proteomic levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Y Jiang ◽  
Y Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Various studies have observed that increased nutrient supply promotes the growth of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, but only a limited number of studies have investigated the influence of increased nutrient supply on bloom-forming cyanobacteria at the proteomic level. We investigated the cellular and proteomic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to elevated nitrogen and phosphorus supply. Increased supply of both nutrients significantly promoted the growth of M. aeruginosa and the synthesis of chlorophyll a, protein, and microcystins. The release of microcystins and the synthesis of polysaccharides negatively correlated with the growth of M. aeruginosa under high nutrient levels. Overexpressed proteins related to photosynthesis, and amino acid synthesis, were responsible for the stimulatory effects of increased nutrient supply in M. aeruginosa. Increased nitrogen supply directly promoted cyanobacterial growth by inducing the overexpression of the cell division regulatory protein FtsZ. NtcA, that regulates gene transcription related to both nitrogen assimilation and microcystin synthesis, was overexpressed under the high nitrogen condition, which consequently induced overexpression of 2 microcystin synthetases (McyC and McyF) and promoted microcystin synthesis. Elevated nitrogen supply induced the overexpression of proteins involved in gas vesicle organization (GvpC and GvpW), which may increase the buoyancy of M. aeruginosa. Increased phosphorus level indirectly affected growth and the synthesis of cellular substances in M. aeruginosa through the mediation of differentially expressed proteins related to carbon and phosphorus metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive description of changes in the proteome of M. aeruginosa in response to an increased supply of 2 key nutrients.

Soil Nitrogen Movement under Sustainable Vegetable Production Systems

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 494f-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Johnson ◽  
Greg D. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Beneficial Arthropods ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Available Nitrogen

An experiment was established to determine the effect of different tillage practices, vegetable crop rotations, and pest management strategies on crop yield, plant diseases, pest and beneficial arthropods, weed species changes over time, and soil environmental consequences. This poster describes nitrogen movement from the various treatments over a 3-year rotation. The treatments are: 1) conventional tillage with chemically based IPM; 2) conventional tillage with biologically based IPM; 3) conservation tillage with chemically based IPM; 4) conservation tillage with biologically based IPM; and 5) conventional tillage with no fertilizer or pest management. Mid-season soil analyses with depth showed chemical-fertilized plowed and conservation-tilled treatments with more soil available nitrogen at most depths compared to the biological-based IPM systems (soybean meal was used as a nitrogen source). However, the biological-based systems did supply enough soil nitrogen to produce similar yield results as the chemical-based systems. Less soil nitrate was measured in the 30- to 90-cm depths at harvest from the biological-based systems than chemical-based systems. Conservation-tilled systems had greater nitrate with depth compared to conventional-tilled systems.

Deinking sludge influences biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus status of several grass and legume species

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fierro ◽  
J. Norrie ◽  
A. Gosselin ◽  
C. J. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Festuca Ovina ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Four Levels

In a greenhouse study, deinking sludge was evaluated as a soil amendment supplemented with four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels for the growth of the grasses Agropyron elongatum (Host.) Beauv. (tall wheatgrass), Alopecurus pratensis L. (meadow foxtail), Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L). Koch (hard fescue), and four levels of phosphorus (P) for the growth of the legumes Galega orientalis Lam. (galega), Medicago lupulina L. (black medic), Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam (yellow sweet clover). Fertilizers were applied on the basis of sludge level to maintain uniform carbon (C)/N or C/P ratios across sludge treatments. In one experiment, sand was mixed with 0, 10, 20 or 30% sludge while, in a second experiment, mineral soil was mixed with 0, 27, 53 or 80% sludge (vol/vol). In sand mixtures of 30 and 20% sludge, grasses had similar or greater growth than in unamended mineral soil when N was added at about 6.5 and 8.4 g kg−1 deinking sludge, respectively. For all legumes but Medicago lupulina, P at about 0.8 g kg−1 sludge was required for these sand mixtures. In soil mixtures of 53 and 27% sludge, grasses grew well when supplemental N was about 5.3 and 6.9 g kg−1 sludge, respectively. Legumes required P at 0.5 and 1.2 g kg−1 sludge, respectively. In general, growth was closely related to total amount of added N or P in spite of the wide range of C/N or C/P ratios. When growing in media amended with sludge, grasses needed higher tissue N concentration for an equivalent growth than in control soil; legumes had similar tissue P concentration. The grasses Agropyron elongatum and Alopecurus pratensis as well as the legumes Melilotus officinalis and Galega orientalis are promising species for field testing, based on dry matter production. Deinking sludge can be used as soil amendment when adequate N and P supplements are provided. Key words: Soil amendment, papermill sludge, Agropyron elongatum, Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca ovina, Medicago lupulina, Galega orientalis, Melilotus officinalis

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