Cattle and sheep production on an Atriplex vesicaria (Saltbush) community

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson ◽  
RD Graetz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Relative Change ◽  
Stocking Rates

A comparison was made between the productivity of sheep and cattle grazing on a semiarid saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria Heward) community (median annual rainfall 303 mm) over a 4 year period. Hereford cattle were grazed at 11.7 and 17.5 ha/cow and Merino sheep were grazed at 1.7 and 2.5 ha/ewe. The cows and ewes were joined annually so that they calved and lambed in the May- June period. Calves were weaned at 7-8 months, and the lambs were weaned at c. 4 months. Both calves and lambs were then retained on separate plots for a further 12 months. The saltbush community consisted of a low shrub layer containing 250-750 kg A. vesicaria forage per ha and a herbage layer containing 25-650 kg of forage per ha. Despite the higher digestibility and nitrogen content of the sheep diets, the sheep and cattle had similar productivity. The production of body weight to weaning was a mean of 10.6 and 15.1 kg/ha/year (low and high stocking rates) for the cattle and a mean of 9.4 and 13.2 kg/ha/year for the sheep. After correction for metabolic mass (kg0.9/ha), the body weight production of sheep was raised to 12.4 and 17.3 kg/ha/year. At 12 months after weaning, the equivalent values were 12.9 and 19.4 kg/ha for cattle, and 13.4 and 20.1 kg/ha (corrected) for sheep. Thus differences are small and arise from the stocking rate chosen rather than from biological differences in productivity. There was no relative change between sheep and cattle in body weight growth between good and moderately poor seasons. The livestock numbers for equivalence of grazing pressure were calculated as 9.2 sheep to 1 cattle. The cattle drank an average of 46,300 litres of water each in a year, while sheep drank only 3300 litres per year. On this basis the water supply for cattle grazing would need to be 50% greater than for sheep grazing on the same saltbush land. In addition to body growth, the sheep produced 1.4-2.0 kg clean wool per ha, which provides a substantial economic advantage for sheep in these lands.

Sheep production on a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland in response to fertilizers and deferred grazing

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
GJ Tupper
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Palatable Species ◽  
Stocking Rates

The effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and deferred spring grazing were assessed over five years on the body weight and wool production of Merino wether weaners grazing a Danthonia caespitosa-Stipa variabilis grassland at three stocking rates. Seasonal forage availability, botanical composition of forage, body weight and wool growth of sheep, were measured. Two years after grazing treatments ceased, and three years after the final addition of fertilizer, further measurements were made on the vegetation. There were very few differences in plant and animal response between the continuously and deferred grazing systems. Forage availability increased on fertilized grassland at all stocking rates by up to 50 per cent. Danthonia caespitosa, Stipa variabilis, perennial chenopods, and annual herbs contributed to the increase in forage present. Medicago polymorpha became prominent on all fertilized grassland. At 2.0 and 2.7 sheep ha-' without fertilizer, and 2.7 sheep ha-1 with fertilizer, the relative contribution by the more palatable species decreased and Eriochlamys behrii increased greatly. After grazing treatments ceased, this trend was reversed. Sheep body weight and wool growth rates were increased on fertilized grassland. In September 1971, at 2.0 sheep ha-1, the body weights of sheep on unfertilized and fertilized grassland were 35.0 and 45.2 kg, respectively, and the clean fleece weights were 3.2 and 4.3 kg per sheep, respectively. Animal production from this grassland can be increased with the addition of fertilizer to the grassland and by increasing the stocking rate by about 50 per cent above the district average of 1.2 sheep per hectare.

Evaluation of Different Mixed Model Nonlinear Functions to Describe the Body Weight Growth of Pigs of Different Sire and Dam Lines1

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Schinckel ◽  
M.E. Einstein ◽  
S. Jungst ◽  
C. Booher ◽  
S. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
Weight Growth

scholarly journals Uterine size in replacement gilts associated with age, body weight, growth rate, and reproductive status

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tummaruk ◽  
S. Kesdangsakonwut
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Uterine Length

The objective of the present study was to determine the association between the uterine size and age, body weight, growth rate, and reproductive status in Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred gilts. Genital organs from 310 gilts (302.6 ± 2.9 days of age, 145.2 ± 1.2 kg body weight) were examined. The gilts were classified into two groups according to reproductive status: non-cyclic (n = 86) and cyclic (n = 224). The uterine weight in non-cyclic gilts was lower than that in cyclic ones (128 ± 8.1 and 694 ± 17.9 g, P < 0.001). Likewise, the length of the uterus in non-cyclic gilts was shorter than that in cyclic gilts (123 ± 2.9 and 252 ± 4.6 cm, P < 0.001). The weight of the uteri correlated with the body weight (r = 0.48, P < 0.001) and growth rate (r = 0.33, P < 0.001) of the gilts but not with their age (P > 0.05). For every 10 kg increase in the body weight of the gilts, an increase of 67 g in uterine weight (P < 0.001) and 21 cm in uterine length (P < 0.001) was observed.  

Sustainable sheep management using continuous grazing and variable stocking rates in Patagonia: a case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Oliva ◽  
Daniela Ferrante ◽  
Silvina Puig ◽  
Marcos Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Stocking Rates

Adaptive rangeland management based on continuous grazing by sheep was implemented at Los Pozos station, on the Magellan tussock steppes of southern Patagonia, between 1990 and 2010. The numbers of sheep were adjusted annually following a stocking strategy tracking the herbage mass. Herbage mass was assessed by harvesting short grass species at peak herbage mass and grazing capacity was estimated based on sheep requirements. Historic production records under a traditional continuous grazing management (1930–89) were contrasted with those of the adaptive management period (1990–2010). Stocking rates of 0.59 sheep ha–1 year–1 in the period from 1930 to 1989 dropped to 0.35 sheep ha–1 year–1 in the adaptive management period. Mean herbage mass of short grasses during this latter period was 194 ± 12 kg DM ha–1 and the stubble height of the key species, Poa spiciformis, was 24 ± 0.7 mm. Lamb marking rates and extraction rates increased from 72 to 87%, and from 28 to 48%, respectively, under adaptive management when compared with historic management, and historic levels of sheep sales were maintained: 4405 v. 4602 animals year–1. Wool production fell from 36 102 to 26 771 kg year–1. Annual sheep production under adaptive management was less variable, as the annual coefficient of variation fell by 41% for lambing rates, by 25.8% for wool production, and by 40% for sheep extraction rates, compared with historic records, even though the inter-annual rainfall coefficient of variation increased by 25% over the same period. It is concluded that, under adaptive management, herbage production, stubble height and sheep production remained stable over 20 years. The adaptive strategy allowed a stabilisation of production and is a potentially valuable management tool in view of the expected increase in variability of rainfall predicted by global climate models for Patagonia and other rangeland areas.

scholarly journals The Study of African Leave (Vernonia amygdalina) in for Improving the Quality of Local Duck Meats of West Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Zasmeli Suhaemi ◽  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Afrijon Afrijon ◽  
PN Jefri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Randomized Design

This research purpose to observe the response of local duck, especially male duck that given African Leaf Flour (ALF) in the diet, toward body weight and blood cholesterol content. The treatment for this research will be given by differentiate the ALF level in five levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) with four times replication. This research used Completely Randomized Design. This treatment is obsessed to 80 male ducks which are rearing from the age of 4 until 10 weeks. The result showed that the increasing of ALF level in diets, will highly significant increase the body weight growth (BWG) of duck, as the increasing value of BWG is 23.59% (P<0,01), and its similarly with the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). The blood cholesterol content is decreasing to 7.41% for 1.5% the ALF level given (P<0,01), while the content of cholesterol-HDL and LDL has not significantly (P>0,05). However, the content of cholesterol-HDL in blood tend to increase along with the increasing of the ALF level given. Utilization of ALF level until 2.0% could increase the quality of local duck meat, because its produce higher meat production and improve the content of cholesterol for creating healthy animal food sources.

Evaluation of natural annual pastures at Trangie in central western New South Wales. 1. Sheep production

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
RJ Campbell ◽  
DG Saville ◽  
GE Robards
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Sheep Wool

Natural annual pasture at Trangie, New South Wales, was set stocked from August, 1967 to December 1970 at rates of 2.5, 3.7, and 4.9 merino wethers per ha to determine an optimum stocking rate for the pasture type. All stocking rates were supported without the necessity to hand feed any sheep. Wool production per head was reduced significantly by increased stocking rate in 1968, but not in 1969 and 1970. The suppression of barley grass at the higher stocking rates appeared to benefit animal production in 1969. Substitution of portion of the natural annual pasture with areas of lucerne or natural perennial pasture was also investigated and found to be ineffective in increasing wool production per head above that of wethers at similar rates of stocking on natural annual pasture alone. Possible reasons for the apparent failure of the grazing supplements, particularly lucerne, are discussed in terms of grazing pressure and management strategies.

The summer nutrition of weaner sheep: Herbage intake following periods of differential nutrition

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 989 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Allden ◽  
RS Young
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Digestive Capacity ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Stocking Rates

The influence of previous nutrition on both the intake of herbage and the body weight changes of grazing sheep was examined in two field experiments. In the first experiment, herbage intake and weight changes were compared at different stocking rates (three, six, and nine sheep per acre). The second experiment was designed to examine the influence of previous undernutrition on the digestive capacity of sheep and on their rate of consumption of herbage in the field. As compared with previously better-fed sheep under similar grazing conditions, the previously undernourished animals showed a capacity to compensate for their nutritional handicap at all stocking rates. Within a short time they reduced the body weight advantage held by their better-fed mates to a non-significant margin. Compensatory growth was associated with a significantly (up to 20%) greater herbage intake by the undernourished animals, but this higher feed intake did not cause an increase in wool production. Undernutrition did not influence the apparent digestibility of a diet, but was associated with an increased rate of herbage consumption under field conditions.

Allometric changes during growth in rabbits

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Deltoro ◽  
Ana M. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Total Fat

SUMMARYDifferential growth from 1 to 20 weeks of age was studied on 320 rabbits from two lines (New Zealand White and California) and both sexes by means of the allometric equation log y = log a + b log x. Regression lines were fitted to the evolution of organs (blood, skin, thymus, heart–lungs, liver, kidneys and alimentary tract), carcass, tissues (bone, lean and fat) and anatomic components (head, breast and ribs, loin, abdominal wall, fore and hind legs) relative to empty body weight; stomach, caecum and intestines relative to alimentary tract; bone and lean groups relative to total bone and lean and fat depots relative to total fat.The convenience for a correct description of relative growth of determining both the quantitative growth, in order to apply the allometric equation only to the real growth period of each component, and the possible existence of allometric changes, is discussed.The results for each component are presented and discussed. There were no significant differences due to line, and sex had a significant influence (P < 0·001) only on the relative growths of total fat, lean content in the loin and hypodermic fat. All the components, with the exception only of thymus, presented a change in their allometric coefficients. These changes for most components, except fat depots, were concentrated in a small interval of time (4–8 weeks of age) between weaning and the inflexion point of the body weight growth curve.

Effects of rapid inbreeding and of crossing of inbred lines on the body weight growth of sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Wiener ◽  
G. J. Lee ◽  
J. A. Woolliams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Cross ◽  
Produce Line ◽  
The Individual

AbstractSheep of three hill breeds, Scottish Blackface, Cheviot and Welsh Mountain and the reciprocal crosses among these breeds were inbred (mostly by parent × offspring mating) for four generations to five levels with inbreeding coefficients ofO, 0·25 (I1), 0·38 (I2), 0·50 (I3) and 0·59 (I4). Inbred females were also mated to unrelated inbred males of the same breed type to produce line crosses (LC). Each type of dam (except LC and I4) was mated to produce lambs of up to three different inbreeding levels thus allowing the effects of the individual's own inbreeding to be separately assessed from the effects of maternal inbreeding. This study examined body weight at a sequence of ages from birth to 4 years of age with 2369 animals (ages up to 78 weeks old) or 1062 animals (2 to 4 years old) contributing to the analyses.Inbreeding of the individual had a highly significant retarding effect on body weight and growth rate up to the I2 level for weights of lambs up to 24 weeks old, with a slight recovery in performance thereafter. For the later ages examined, the maximum depression was reached at the I3 stage. The partial recovery in performance at the higher levels of inbreeding for lambs less than 24 weeks of age was also noted within lines and did not therefore appear to arise only from a loss of lines as inbreeding proceeded. The effect of dam's inbreeding was to depress growth up to the I3 level and at most ages up to I4. Line-cross lambs were generally heavier (but not significantly so) than non-inbred (F2 and the pure equivalent, O2) and progeny of line-cross dams were similar in weight to those from other non-inbred (F1, or F2 and O1, or O2 dams) or slightly better. The more highly inbred the individuals the more, in general, they fell behind the weights of the corresponding non-inbreds as they grew older. Inbreeding may thus have permanently stunted the sheep.There were no significant differences between purebred and crossbred sheep in the rate of inbreeding depression. Only at the ages of 3 and 6 weeks was there a significant difference between the three pure breeds in the changes in weight attributable to inbreeding. Up to the age of weaning (15 weeks) the changes with inbreeding of individuals could not be explained statistically in terms of dominance effects alone and non-allelic interactions may therefore also be involved. At all ages the effect of inbreeding of the dam was consistent with dominance effects alone.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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