Corrigendum - Growth of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to the small tuber stage as related to soil temperature

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
PJM Sale
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Periodic Fluctuations ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship

In experiments in a phytotron with potato cv. Sebago and in the field with cvv. Sebago and Sequoia the times for planting to emergence, new tuber initiation and small tuber stage were measured in relation to temperature. Emergence was linearly related to mean temperature and relatively independent of diurnal or periodic fluctuations up to an optimum of 22–24°C, and up to this optimum could be considered as a degree-day requirement calculated from either soil temperature at tuber depth or air temperature. For both cultivars planted with just-visible sprouts this was about 450 degree-days reckoned above a +2° minimum. At temperatures above the optimum, emergence was actively inhibited, and the relationship no longer held when appreciable periods were spent above about 24°. Once emergence had occurred, new tuber initiation and growth to the small tuber stage tended to be promoted at low temperatures especially in cv. Sequoia; phytotron treatments where night temperature was higher than day had a particularly adverse effect. It appeared that field development was adversely affected if a rapid increase in soil temperature occurred during the period of emergence.

Growth of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to the small tuber stage as related to soil temperature

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJM Sale
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Periodic Fluctuations ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship

In experiments in a phytotron with potato cv. Sebago and in the field with cvv. Sebago and Sequoia the times for planting to emergence, new tuber initiation and small tuber stage were measured in relation to temperature. Emergence was linearly related to mean temperature and relatively independent of diurnal or periodic fluctuations up to an optimum of 22–24°C, and up to this optimum could be considered as a degree-day requirement calculated from either soil temperature at tuber depth or air temperature. For both cultivars planted with just-visible sprouts this was about 450 degree-days reckoned above a +2° minimum. At temperatures above the optimum, emergence was actively inhibited, and the relationship no longer held when appreciable periods were spent above about 24°. Once emergence had occurred, new tuber initiation and growth to the small tuber stage tended to be promoted at low temperatures especially in cv. Sequoia; phytotron treatments where night temperature was higher than day had a particularly adverse effect. It appeared that field development was adversely affected if a rapid increase in soil temperature occurred during the period of emergence.

RELASI ISLAM DAN NASIONALISME DALAM SEJARAH BANGSA INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Suhaimi Suhaimi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Order ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Colonization Period ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governance Reforms

In line with the times demand, nationlism changes as a dynamic of dialectics proceeds with changes in social, political, and ekonomic in the country and global levels. Based on a review of historical chronology, this paper analyzed descriptively the relationship between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia. Since the early growth of nationalism and the Dutch colonization period in Indonesia, Islam became the spirit of sacrifice of lives and property of the Indonesian people's fighting to get independence and on the Japanese colonial period and the early days of independence, Islam through the muslim leaders founction as base of departure and developer awareness of nasionalism, patriotism and unity to defend the independence. Despite the authoritarian New Order ruler cope with Islam through the establishment of the Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals (ICMI), but awareness of national Muslim leaders to build Indonesia managed to push governance reforms. And in this era of reform, the spirit of nationalism and the spirit of sacrifice of the Indonesian leaders increasingly eroded by corruption. Key words: proto-nationalism, political nationalism, cultural nationalism.

Embryo dormancy responses to temperature in capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) seeds

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Ellery
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Dormancy Cycles

Changes in embryo dormancy of capeweed [Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns.] seeds in response to temperature were investigated to determine the nature of seasonal dormancy cycles. Primary embryo dormancy persisted for 2–3 months after seed collection and was then rapidly relieved when seeds were maintained at temperatures simulating summer soil surface temperatures. Embryo dormancy was also rapidly relieved in seeds maintained at constant temperatures, indicating that a daily temperature fluctuation was not necessary for the relief of embryo dormancy in capeweed. Dormancy relief was maximal at 40°C. Secondary dormancy was induced when seeds were maintained at low temperatures and a water potential of –1.5 MPa, suggesting that the onset of winter may postpone germination until a subsequent autumn. These results indicate that the dormancy cycles observed in capeweed seeds maintained on the soil surface are probably driven by seasonal changes in soil temperature.

Cytokinins and Tuber Initiation in the Potato Solanum tuberosum L.

Nature ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 221 (5177) ◽  
pp. 279-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. PALMER ◽  
O. E. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Initiation

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

Modeling the Growth of Salmonella in Cut Red Round Tomatoes as a Function of Temperature

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1502-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENJING PAN ◽  
DONALD W. SCHAFFNER
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
The Relationship

Tomato-associated Salmonella outbreaks have recently become a significant food safety concern. Temperature abuse of cut tomatoes may have played a role in some of these outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model to describe the growth of Salmonella on cut tomatoes at various temperatures. Four Salmonella serotypes (Typhimurium, Newport, Javiana, and Braenderup) obtained from previous tomato-linked cases of salmonellosis were used in this study. These four serotypes were cultured separately, combined into a cocktail, and inoculated onto whole red round tomatoes and allowed to dry overnight. The tomatoes were then cut into pieces and incubated at a predetermined range of temperatures (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, and 35°C). Salmonella concentration was measured at specified time intervals to determine the growth curve for Salmonella on cut tomatoes at each temperature. The growth rates were calculated using DMFit and used to build a mathematical model to illustrate the relationship between the growth rates of Salmonella on tomatoes and incubation temperatures from 10 to 35°C. The resulting model compared favorably with a Salmonella growth model for raw poultry developed by our laboratory. The Pathogen Modeling Program underpredicted growth at low temperatures and overpredicted growth at high temperatures. ComBase predicted consistently slower growth rates than were observed in tomatoes but showed parallel increases in growth rate with increasing temperature.

scholarly journals Shifting environmental controls on CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes in a sub-boreal peatland

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 7971-7981 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Pypker ◽  
P. A. Moore ◽  
J. M. Waddington ◽  
J. A. Hribljan ◽  
R. C. Chimner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
P Value ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Poor Fen ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Northern Michigan

Abstract. We monitored CO2 and CH4 fluxes using eddy covariance from 19 May to 27 September 2011 in a poor fen located in northern Michigan. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) quantify the flux of CH4 from a sub-boreal peatland, and (2) determine which abiotic and biotic factors were the most correlated to the flux of CH4 over the measurement period. Net daily CH4 fluxes increased from 70 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 to 220 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 from mid May to mid July. After July, CH4 losses steadily declined to approximately 50 mg CH4 m−2 d−1 in late September. During the study period, the peatland lost 17.4 g CH4 m−2. Both abiotic and biotic variables were correlated with CH4 fluxes. When the different variables were analyzed together, the preferred model included mean daily soil temperature at 20 cm, daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and the interaction between mean daily soil temperature at 20 cm and NEE (R2 = 0.47, p value < 0.001). The interaction was important because the relationship between daily NEE and mean daily soil temperature with CH4 flux changed when NEE was negative (CO2 uptake from the atmosphere) or positive (CO2 losses to the atmosphere). On days when daily NEE was negative, 25% of the CH4 flux could be explained by correlations with NEE, however on days when daily NEE was positive, there was no correlation between daily NEE and the CH4 flux. In contrast, daily mean soil temperature at 20 cm was poorly correlated to changes in CH4 when NEE was negative (17%), but the correlation increased to 34% when NEE was positive. The interaction between daily NEE and mean daily soil temperature at 20 cm indicates shifting environmental controls on the CH4 flux throughout the growing season.

scholarly journals The influence of low temperatures on the incidence of sugary disease on sorghum

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Amauri Bogo ◽  
Ricardo Trezi Casa ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Paulo Tarcísio Domatos Borba
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Fertile Hybrids ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The relationship between pre-flowering climatic conditions and sugary disease incidence was quantified in grain and forage sorghum genotypes at two sowing periods (mid November and mid December). The trials were carried out over the 2001/02 and 2002/03 growing seasons, in Lages, Santa Catarina State. Four commercial male-fertile sorghum hybrids (BR 600-forrage, BR 700-grain, BR 701-forage/silage and BR 800-forage) and one male-sterile inbred line (BR 001-A) were evaluated. When each genotype reached the flowering stage, 50 panicles were marked and sprayed with a suspension of Claviceps africana (1,000 spores mL-1). Air temperature, humidity and rainfall were recorded through out the growing cycle. Low temperatures three to four weeks prior to flowering, increased susceptibility. At both sowing periods, average night temperatures lower than 15°C during the critical period of pre-flowering turned the fertile hybrids as susceptible as the male-sterile inbred to ergot infection. The tested hybrids differed in their ability to tolerate pre-flowering cold stress. Seed set in uninoculated heads under pollination bags was also reduced, suggesting that increased susceptibility to sugary disease was the result of low temperature induced sterility.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE OF THE KOMSOMOLSK OIL AND GAS CONDENSATE FIELD ON MODERN DEFORMATION PROCESSES

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Vasilev ◽  
D. A. Misyurev ◽  
A. V. Filatov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Subsidence Trough ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Repeated Observations ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The authors created a geodynamical polygon on the Komsomolsk oil and gas condensate field to ensure the industrial safety of oil and gas production facilities. The aim of its creation is mul-tiple repeated observations of recent deformation processes. Analysis and interpretation of the results of geodynamical monitoring which includes class II leveling, satellite observations, radar interferometry, exploitation parameters of field development provided an opportunity to identify that the conditions for the formation of recent deformations of the earth’s surface is an anthropogenic factor. The authors identified the relationship between the formation of subsidence trough of the earth’s surface in the eastern part of the field with the dynamics of accumulated gas sampling and the fall of reservoir pressures along the main reservoir PK1 (Cenomanian stage).

scholarly journals Kontekstualisasi Al-Qur’an Dan Pancasila Melalui Penguatan Muslim HUB Sebagai Pola Alternatif Dalam Menghadapi Industri 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akrom Adabi ◽  
Neny Muthi'atul Awwaliyah
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Holy Book

AbstractThe Qur’an, which has the status of a Muslim holy book, is experiencing "alienation" because it is considered unable to make practical contributions to various new challenges that arise. Al-Qur’an and Pancasila, which are the two important handles of Indonesian Muslims, are expected to not only keep up with the times. More than that, the al-Qur’an and Pancasila must really be able to fill the void and give an active role through its values, to bring the progress of Indonesia with a distinctive personality in the face of the Industrial 4.0 era. This paper tries to review the strengthening of Muslim Hub as a strategy in dealing with Industry 4.0 through contextualization of the values of the Koran and Pancasila. This study uses Max Weber's theory of Protestant ethics. In a book entitled The Protestant Ethics and Spirit of Capitalism, Weber has done a thorough analysis of the relationship between capitalism and religion. AbstrakAl-Qur’an dan Pancasila harus betul-betul mampu mengisi kekosongan dan memberi peran aktif melalui nilai-nilainya, untuk membawa kemajuan Indonesia dengan kepribadian yang khas dalam menghadapi era Industri 4.0. Tulisan ini mencoba mengulas seputar penguatan muslim hub sebagai strategi dalam menghadapi Industri 4.0 melalui kontekstualisasi nilai al-Qur’an dan Pancasila. Dalam penelitian ini ada dua bukti empiris yang pertama order monastic, dimana orang saleh ternyata juga memiliki prestasi yang gemilang dari sisi material. Kedua sekte protestan yang memiliki prestasi yang gemilang dalam fase awal munculnya kapitalisme modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Max Weber tentang etika Protestan. Dalam buku yang berjudul The Protestan Ethics and Spirit of Capitalism, Weber telah melakukan analisa yang mendalam mengenai relasi kapitalisme dan keagamaan yang menunjukkan betapa agama memiliki pengaruh kuat dalam pembentukan karakter pemeluknya. Jika ditarik ke kajian yang lebih luas, maka ideologi memiliki peran kuat dalam mempengaruhi perilaku pengikutnya, baik ideologi keagamaan maupun ideologi kenegaraan. Kata Kunci: Kontekstualisasi, Al-Qur’an, Pancasila, Industri 4.0.

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