The effect of Inoculation and cobalt application on the growth of and nitrogen fixation by sweet lupins

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Chatel ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
JW Gartrell ◽  
MJ Dilworth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Seed Inoculation

The response of sweet lupins, Lupinus angustifolius L., to a soil application of cobalt and to seed inoculation was examined in both field and glasshouse experiments. Plant growth was dependent on nodule-fixed nitrogen, and the addition of cobalt increased the nitrogen content and the growth of the lupins in the absence of inoculation. Bacteroids in the nodules of inoculated plants without cobalt were found to be fewer and longer than those with cobalt, which suggests that cobalt is involved in the mechanism of rhizobial cell division.

Studies of seed pelleting as an aid to legume inoculation. 5. Effects of incorporation of molybdenum compounds in the seed pellet on inoculant survival, seedling nodulation and plant growth of lucerne and subterranean clover

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Gault ◽  
J Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Molybdic Acid ◽  
Molybdenum Disulphide

Four molybdenum compounds were mixed with lime and applied as coatings to inoculated seed of lucerne (Hunter River) and subterranean clover (Mount Barker). The seed was sown immediately in molybdenum-deficient soil in the field or stored for periods up to 84 days before sowing. As storage time lengthened, the survival of both lucerne and clover rhizobia was adversely affected by sodium molybdate but not by molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate or molybdenum disulphide. This effect was reflected in poorer nodulation in the sodium molybdate treatments. Nitrogen fixation, using foliage nitrogen content as an index, was always higher in the molybdenum treatments than in the no-molybdenum controls. Both species appeared able to extract molybdenum from molybdenum disulphide. Otherwise, there were no treatment differences in plant growth, but there was a significant relationship between the proportion of seedlings nodulated by the inoculant strains and the amount of nitrogen fixation. It is concluded that seed-applied molybdenum would benefit pasture establishment in some circumstances and would not interfere with inoculant survival or seedling nodulation provided that sodium molybdate was not used for the purpose.

Nodulation of Legumes in the Sudan III. Response of Haricot Bean to Inoculation

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Habish ◽  
Hassan M. Ishag
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYField experiments conducted in two localities in two growing seasons on the effect of inoculating haricot bean showed that a local strain of Rhizobium significantly improved nodulation and usually increased the nitrogen content of plants. In three out of four experiments, increases in seed yield were obtained ranging from 20–145 Per cent (significant in two cases). Inoculation was better than 43 kg. N/ha. of combined nitrogen but not better than 86 kg. N. Soil inoculation gave better early nodulation than seed inoculation, but the difference diminished in the later stages of plant growth.

INFLUENCE OF THE ELEMENTS OF GROWING TECHNOLOGY ON THE ACTIVATION OF PLANT-MICROBIAL SYMBIOSIS AND THE PROCESSES OF NITROGEN LUCOSENOSIS AGROCENOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Tsyhanskyi ◽  
Olena Tsyhanska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

In order to improve soil fertility, increase the productivity of agricultural crops, including alfalfa, and to make the best use of mineral fertilizers it is expedient to carry out liming in the range of 1.0-1.5 under hydrolytic acidity. It provides an increase in the amount of 1.2-1.8 tons of feed units per hectare of rotation area. The mobility of toxic elements of aluminum and manganese decreases in the limed soil. These processes contribute to nodule formation and an increase in the nitrogen fixation of alfalfa. The intensified activity of nitrogen fixation processes occurring in the root zone of plants can be achieved with the use of physiologically active substances characterized by auxin-cytokine activity. Both associative and symbiotic nitrogen fixation processes are enhanced by virtue of plant growth stimulants. These preparations are the analogs of exogenous phytohormones of cytokine, gibberellin and auxin effect, and unsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids. They are used for pre-sowing seed treatment and top dressing of plants. The conceptual direction of the development of biotechnologies and biological nitrogen fixation in agriculture is the development of preparations in order to stimulate growth, increase the production of legumes. Creation is important the original complex compositions of multifactorial action, which combine the properties of plant growth regulators, fertilizer elements, means of plant resistance to stress and diseases. In light of this, the study of agrobiological methods of growing forage crops. Including alfalfa, with the use of plant growth regulators, as well as their combination with biological preparations based on active strains of nodule bacteria. It aims to improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants in the monoculture. Important is also a significant increase in the level of the biological conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen-containing compounds. Is particularly relevant for the creation of sustainable production of feed raw materials and maximization of the biological potential of plants under the unstable soil and climatic conditions. When growing agricultural crops, biologically fixed nitrogen is extremely important for legumes since this reduces the use of mineral fertilizers and the cost of production. Perennial legumes, in particular, alfalfa, are not only a source of high-protein feed, but they are the best precursors, especially for grains, cereals, and industrial crops. They not only increase their yields but also improve the soil structure and fertility. According to the results of our research, under the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, the best conditions for the symbiotic activity of alfalfa seedlings were created under the conditions: Non-perishable growing method. The introduction of the herbicide in the year of sowing. Conduct calcining the full norm. Use of pre-sowing seed treatment with bacterial preparation risobofit with plant growth regulator Emistim S. Under these conditions, the maximum indicator of biologically fixed nitrogen is formed-236.1 kg/ha. Key words: alfalfa sowing, liming of soil, inoculation, growth promoter, biological nitrogen.

Effect of phosphate supply and competition from grasses on growth and nitrogen fixation of Medicago trunculata

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABK Dahmane ◽  
RD Graham
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Medicago Trunculata ◽  
Phosphate Supply

Medic plants and ryegrass were grown in small pots in a glasshouse in monoculture (six plants per pot) or in mixture (three plants of each species) at eight rates of phosphate application. After 10 weeks, the rate of nitrogen fixation was estimated by the acetylene reduction (AR) technique on the intact plants in soil, after which the plants were harvested, both shoots and roots. The yield of medic, in both monoculture and mixture, increased with increasing rate of phosphate application to an optimum at a level of 160 ppm phosphorus and then decreased again at higher phosphate levels. AR activity was similarly dependent on phosphate application and was optimal at the same phosphate level as was yield. AR activity was extremely low in the ryegrass monocultures, the yield of which was optimized at only 10 ppm phosphorus. The community x phosphate interaction on AR activity per plant of medic was not statistically significant, there being considerable variability in this measurement; the suppression of nitrogen fixation by competition from ryegrass near its own phosphate optimum was not therefore established in this study, but remains a possibility. Ryegrass plants benefited individually from growing in mixed culture with the legume, producing as much shoot dry matter from three plants in mixture as from six in monoculture. The advantage in mixture was due either to reduced competition offered by medic or to transfer of fixed nitrogen from legume to grass. Higher concentrations and contents of nitrogen per plant in mixture provided circumstantial evidence for the latter. However, on a pot basis, nitrogen content of ryegrass was similar in pure culture and in mixture. The relevance of the data to the results of a survey of farmers' fields is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Sowing Depth on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Root and Hypocotyl Growth, and Yield in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. T. C. Nambiar ◽  
B. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Sowing Depth

SUMMARYHypocotyl length in groundnut is a function of sowing depth. In field experiments deep sowing increased the mass of hypocotyl but decreased that of roots, pods and haulm. Few nodules were formed on the hypocotyls of plants from shallow sown seeds (4–5 cm deep). More hypocotyl nodules occurred on Virginia types when deep sown but the number and activity of nodules on the roots decreased. Nodules on the hypocotyl appeared later and fixed less nitrogen than root nodules. Although hypocotyl nodules fixed nitrogen during the later stages of plant growth, this activity could not compensate for the loss in nitrogenase activity due to deeper sowing. Deeper sowing also resulted in decreased pod yields.

scholarly journals The importance of Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Herbaspirillum, Sinorhizobium in sustainable agricultural production

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 12183
Author(s):  
Mohamad H. SHAHRAJABIAN ◽  
Wenli SUN ◽  
Qi CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Nod Factor

Rhizobia which are soil bacteria capable of symbiosis with legume plants in the root or stem nodules and perform nitrogen fixation. Rhizobial genera include Agrobacterium, Allorhizobium, Aminobacter, Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Devosia, Mesorhizobium, Methylobacterium, Microvirga, Ochrobacterum, Phyllobacterium, Rhizobium, Shinella and Ensifer (Sinorhizobium). Review of the literature was carried out using the keywords Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Herbaspirillum and Sinorhizobium. Rhizobial nodulation symbioses steps are included flavonoid signaling, Nod factor induction, and Nod factor perception, root hair responses, rhizobial infection, cell division and formation of nitrogen-fixing nodule. Rhizobium improves sustainable production by boosting organic nitrogen content.

A Study on the Farmers’ Awareness and Acceptance of Biofertilizers in Kottayam District

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
Subin Thomas ◽  
Dr. M. Nandhini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Area Data

Biofertilizers are fertilizers containing microorganisms that promote plant growth by improving the supply of nutrients to the host plant. The supply of nutrients is improved naturally by nitrogen fixation and solubilizing phosphorus. The living microorganisms in biofertilizers help in building organic matter in the soil and restoring the natural nutrient cycle. Biofertilizers can be grouped into Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-solubilizing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-mobilizing biofertilizers, Biofertilizers for micro nutrients and Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. This study conducted in Kottayam district was intended to identify the awareness and acceptance of biofertilizers among the farmers of the area. Data have been collected from 120 farmers by direct interviews with structured questionnaire.

scholarly journals Effects of Biofertilizer Produced from Bradyrhizobium and Streptomyces griseoflavus on Plant Growth, Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, Nutrient Uptake, and Seed Yield of Mung Bean, Cowpea, and Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Htwe ◽  
Seinn Moh Moh ◽  
Khin Myat Soe ◽  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
N Application ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Crops

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.

scholarly journals Genomic characterization and computational phenotyping of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from Colombian sugarcane fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz K. Medina-Cordoba ◽  
Aroon T. Chande ◽  
Lavanya Rishishwar ◽  
Leonard W. Mayer ◽  
Lina C. Valderrama-Aguirre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Phosphate Solubilization ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

AbstractPrevious studies have shown the sugarcane microbiome harbors diverse plant growth promoting microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria (diazotrophs), which can serve as biofertilizers. The genomes of 22 diazotrophs from Colombian sugarcane fields were sequenced to investigate potential biofertilizers. A genome-enabled computational phenotyping approach was developed to prioritize sugarcane associated diazotrophs according to their potential as biofertilizers. This method selects isolates that have potential for nitrogen fixation and other plant growth promoting (PGP) phenotypes while showing low risk for virulence and antibiotic resistance. Intact nitrogenase (nif) genes and operons were found in 18 of the isolates. Isolates also encode phosphate solubilization and siderophore production operons, and other PGP genes. The majority of sugarcane isolates showed uniformly low predicted virulence and antibiotic resistance compared to clinical isolates. Six strains with the highest overall genotype scores were experimentally evaluated for nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of siderophores, gibberellic acid, and indole acetic acid. Results from the biochemical assays were consistent and validated computational phenotype predictions. A genotypic and phenotypic threshold was observed that separated strains by their potential for PGP versus predicted pathogenicity. Our results indicate that computational phenotyping is a promising tool for the assessment of bacteria detected in agricultural ecosystems.

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