Mimosine, administered orally, and two related compounds of chemical defleecing agents for sheep

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis ◽  
DA Tunks ◽  
AM Downes
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Related Compounds

Oral doses of mimosine (ranging from 400 to 800 mg/kg body weight) were given to 71 sheep, either as two successive daily doses (10 sheep) or as a single dose (61 sheep). The effectiveness of these treatments for defleecing was assessed and in some sheep measurements were made of the concentration of mimosine in plasma after dosing, and of the rate of wool growth before and after dosing. In addition, the effectiveness as defleecing agents of two related compounds (an analogue of mimosine, 'isomimosine', and a metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxypyridine (DHP)) was assessed. Two successive daily doses of mimosine (300 mg/kg/day) allowed all sheep to be defleeced. With sheep consuming a daily ration of 600 g, a single oral dose of mimosine (400 mg/kg) was sufficient to allow defleecing of most sheep; when the daily ration was 1200 g, a dose of 600 mg/kg was required to allow defleecing of most sheep. The effectiveness of oral doses for defleecing could be explained by the absorption of mimosine over a period in excess of 24 hr. Concentrations of mimosine in plasma were usually above 100 µmoles/l 24 hr after an effective dose. Failure to achieve complete cessation of fibre growth occurred occasionally, irrespective of dose level, and two sheep died after dosing. Fasting prior to dosing appeared to obviate the effects of previous high nutrition, but increased the risk of toxic effects. Fasting resulted in exceptionally high concentrations of mimosine in plasma (200–300 µmoles/l) 1 and 2 days after dosing. Both fibre diameter and mass of wool grown were increased in the early regrowth after dosing with mimosine. 'Isomimosine' had a similar potency to mimosine for stopping fibre growth in sheep, whether given as an intravenous infusion or as a single oral dose. DHP, given as an intravenous infusion, was ineffective as a defleecing agent.

Kinetic effects of multiple oral doses of acetaminophen on a single oral dose of lamotrigine

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Depot ◽  
J Robert Powell ◽  
John A Messenheimer ◽  
Gilles Cloutier ◽  
Michael J Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Kinetic Effects ◽  
Oral Doses

Effects of repeated oral doses of ketoconazole on a sequential ascending single oral dose of fedratinib in healthy subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Ogasawara ◽  
Christine Xu ◽  
Vanaja Kanamaluru ◽  
Maria Palmisano ◽  
Gopal Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Oral Doses

scholarly journals Effects of the Chinese Herbal Formulation (Liu Wei Di Huang Wan) on the Pharmacokinetics of Isoflavones in Postmenopausal Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wirin Limopasmanee ◽  
Sunee Chansakaow ◽  
Noppamas Rojanasthien ◽  
Maleeya Manorot ◽  
Chaichan Sangdee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Fixed Sequence ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Oral Doses

A combination of soy isoflavones andLiu Wei Di Huang Wan(LWDHW) is potentially effective for postmenopausal women with intolerable vasomotor episodes who are not suitable candidates for hormonal therapy. The objective of this open-label, three-phase, crossover study was to determine the influence of both single and multiple oral doses of LWDHW on isoflavone pharmacokinetics in healthy postmenopausal women. Eleven subjects were assigned to receive the following regimens in a fixed sequence with washout periods of at least one week: Phase A, a single oral dose of soy milk; Phase B, a single oral dose of soy milk coadministered with LWDHW; and Phase C, multiple oral doses of LWDHW for 14 days followed by a single oral dose of soy milk. Blood samples were collected and mixed withβ-glucuronidase/sulfatase to hydrolyze isoflavone conjugates to their respective aglycones (i.e., daidzein and genistein) and were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed were maximal plasma concentrationCmax, time to reach peak concentrationTmax, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and half-life (t1/2). The results found no statistically significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of daidzein and genistein among the three regimens.

Distribution of the anthelmintic drug albendazole and its major metabolites in ovine milk and milk products after a single oral dose

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco De Liguoro ◽  
Francesca Longo ◽  
Gianfranco Brambilla ◽  
Annalucia Cinquina ◽  
Adriana Bocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
By Products

SummaryThe distribution of albendazole (ABZ) and its main metabolites albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO), albendazole sulphone (ABZS02) and albendazole 2-aminosulphone (NH2ABZSO2) were investigated in bulk milk and milk products after administration of a single oral dose of the drug (12·5 mg/kg) to 80 Laticauda sheep. An analytical method was developed for this investigation from an existing procedure used for the determination of these compounds in plasma and digesta samples. No traces of the parent compound or NH2ABZSO2were found in milk or milk products, with the exception of the milk collected 36 h after treatment in which 89 μg NH2ABZSO2/kg was detected. Results indicated that ABZ was rapidly oxidized to ABZSO and then to ABZSO2. These metabolites were found at high levels (1–4 mg/kg) in milk collected within 24 h after treatment. Products derived from such milk also contained high concentrations of the two oxidized metabolites, including up to 5 mg ABZSO/kg in Pecorino cheese. Only small quantities of these two metabolites were found in milk collected during the second day after treatment (range 50–500 μg/kg). They were no longer detectable in milk, collected during the third day after dosing, nor were they found in products made from such milk. These findings confirm that the two polar metabolites ABZSO and ABZSO2were efficiently excreted from the body. Considering that the established maximum residue limit for ovine milk is 100 μg/kg for ABZ plus its metabolites, our results confirmed the appropriateness of the currently prescribed withdrawal time (3 d) after the use of ABZ in lactating sheep. However, considerable levels of ABZSO were detected in milk collected within 24 h after treatment as well as in products and by-products derived from such milk. Owing to the known toxicity of the ABZSO, we stress the need for careful control to ensure adherence to the prescribed withdrawal time.

A Comparative Study on the Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Content and the Pattern of Hepatic Pyrrolic Metabolite Accumulation in Mice Given Extracts of Eupatorium Plant Species, Crotalaria Assamica and an Indian Herbal Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Lan Zhao ◽  
Mo-Yin Chan ◽  
C.R. Kumana ◽  
C.W. Ogle
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Metabolite Accumulation ◽  
High Concentrations

Plants belonging to the Eupatorium species, E. japonicum Thunb, E. fortunei and E. chinense, were found to contain very low concentrations of pyrrolizidine alkaloid compared with a known hepatotoxic Indian herbal mixture and Crotalaria assamica. High concentrations of pyrrolic metabolite were detected in lievres of mice given a single oral dose of extracts of Indian herbal mixture or C. assamica but not in the case of the Eupatorium species. Also, accumulation of pyrrole metabolites was not demonstrated with chronic administration of decoctions prepared from herbs of the Eupatorium species.

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