The effect of the dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella, on the ecology of the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Extremes Of Temperature ◽  
Onthophagus Gazella

The ecology of nematode larvae infective for cattle was studied in the vicinity of standardized dung pats experimentally exposed lo the dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella. In moist climatic conditions two, 10 and 30 pairs of O . Gazella reduced the numbers of larvae on grass surrounding dung pats by 40, 74 and 66% respectively, compared with control pats not exposed to beetles. After 84 days, many larvae remained in control pats and pats attacked by two pairs of beetles, but few were found in other pat types. Infective larvae survived for at least 84 days in soil and buried faecal material, and larval migration through soil occurred. The daily temperature variation within dung beetle burrows was considerably less than that of the external environment. This insulation against extremes of temperature probably contributed to the longevity of buried larvae.

The effects of dung beetle activity on the numbers of parasitic gastrointestinal helminth larvae recovered from pasture samples

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
RP Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Onthophagus Gazella

Studies have been made of the effect of the dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella, on the release of strongyle larvae from cattle faeces onto pasture. A series of faecal pats containing parasitic nematode eggs was placed on pasture, and beetles were added to some pats to give three levels of beetle activity, viz. 100 g, 200-250 g, and 500 g of faeces per pair of beetles. These pats were duplicated on irrigated and non-irrigated pasture. In both cases the numbers of strongyle larvae migrating from pats attacked by dung beetles were significantly less than those migrating from control pats containing no dung beetles. Compared with larval recoveries from control pats, the percentage reduction in numbers of larvae migrating from pats on irrigated pasture was 50% for pats of 100 g faeces per pair of beetles, 48 % for pats of 200-250 g faeces per pair, and 84% for pats of 500 g of faeces per pair. The respective figures for pats on nonirrigated pasture were 76, 86, and 93 % reduction in larval numbers. The results indicated that strongyle larvae migrated from faecal material buried by dung beetles, provided soil moisture was adequate. More larvae were recovered from the pasture surrounding irrigated faecal pats attacked by beetles than from the non-irrigated pats. During warm dry weather, surface faecal debris remaining after beetlc attack appeared to be helminthologically sterile.

scholarly journals Control of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes in heifers using different isolates of nematophagous fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo da Silva ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽  
Daniel Sobreira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Mycelial Mass ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Baermann Method

The effect of different nematophagous fungi [Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001 and CG722) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34)] with regard to controlling infective larvae (L3) of nematodes after gastrointestinal transit in female cattle (3/4 Holstein × Zebu) was evaluated. A total of 24 pubescent female cattle were used, weighing approximately 320 kg each one. There were three treatment groups, each contained six animals that received 150 g of pellets (0.2 g of mycelium), orally in a single dose, in a sodium alginate matrix containing mycelial mass of the fungus D. flagrans (AC001 or CG722) or M. thaumasium (NF34); and one control group (without fungi). Fecal samples were collected from the animals at intervals of 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 48, and 72 hours. At the end of 17 days, the L3 not subjected to predation were recovered by means of the Baermann method. The fungal isolates tested were capable of destroying the L3 after gastrointestinal transit. It was observed that within 72 hours, the isolates AC001, CG722, and NF34 showed a higher predatory activity (81.2%, 97.3%, and 98.3%, respectively). The results justify the need for studies in the field, and over longer intervals, in order to observe the efficiency of the fungus D. flagrans, or even M. thaumasium, for environmental control over nematodes in naturally infected cattle.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of extracts from Artemisia parviflora and A. sieversiana

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Irum ◽  
H. Ahmed ◽  
B. Mirza ◽  
K. Donskow-Łysoniewska ◽  
A. Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Infective Larvae

SummaryIn the northern areas of Pakistan, the use of Artemisia based therapeutics is a common practice. Plants of genus Artemisia are known to possess anthelmintic and therapeutic effect. Infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are major threat to livestock industry across the world resulting in loss of production and indirect economic losses due to high cost of anthelmintic drugs. Present study was carried out to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effect of Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia parviflora on Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Methanolic plant extract was tested against three different developmental stages using an egg hatch assay, infective larvae and adult worm motility assay. Different concentrations were used for the bioassays and post exposure mortality was recorded after 8 hr for adult worms and infective larvae, while egg inhibition percentage was observed after 27 hr. A highly significant ability to inhibit the egg hatching (100 %) was recorded for both plant extracts while, the highest activity for adult worm assay and larvicidal assay was 90 % for A. sieversiana. The highest activity for adult motility and larvicidal assay for A. parviflora was 89 % and 86.6 % respectively. For in vivo trials maximum parentage reduction was 77.0 % for A. sieversiana and 73.6 % for A. parviflora. It is concluded that selected plant extracts were effective in reducing worm burden in animals.

Evaluation of the attraction, lethal and sublethal effects of the faeces of ivermectin‐treated cattle on the dung beetle Digit onthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Roger I Rodríguez‐Vivas ◽  
Gertrudis S Basto‐Estrella ◽  
Enrique Reyes‐Novelo ◽  
Andreyna Arisbe Arceo‐Moran ◽  
William R Arcila‐Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Onthophagus Gazella

Some properties of the surface of nematode larvae

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Jungery ◽  
C. D. Mackenzie ◽  
Bridget M. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae

AbstractThe nature of complement binding to the surface to infective larvae of Trichinella spiralis and Nippostronaylus brasiliensis differs. When worms were incubated in serum from uninfected hosts, washed and incubated in fluorescent reagent the whole surface of T. spiralis fluoresced but in N. Brasiliensis fluorescence was confined to the anterior end and some internal organs. The outer structure of the cuticle of the T. spiralis larvae was shown not to contain ATP-ase, thus differing from many cell membranes.

Assessment of acquired resistance in previously infected lambs with gastrointestinal nematodes in a tropical climate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. González Garduño ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
G. Torres-Hernández ◽  
J. Oliva-Hernández ◽  
J.A. Hinojosa-Cuéllar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to determine the parasitological traits and productive response in Pelibuey lambs re-infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) previously infected with different doses of infective larvae (L3). One infection with 60% Haemonchus contortus and 40% Cooperia curticei larvae was induced in three groups of six lambs using oral doses of 100, 200 and 300 L3 per kg of body weight (BW), respectively. Nine weeks post-infection all lambs were treated with albendazole (ABZ). A second parasitic infection was induced using 300 L3 per BW followed for six weeks of parasitological sampled and four lambs of each treatment were slaughtered after this period to count adult nematodes. Results showed reduction of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) between first (2463±4400 EPG) to second infection (327±66 EPG) for pre-infected lambs with 300 L3. Through first infection, the packed cell volume (PCV) decreased until 35 days post-infection (32.0% to 26.0%) for all groups. In conclusion Pelibuey lambs infected with 300 L3 showed low re-infection to contribute in the reduction of parasitic traits under tropical climate.

The Second Ecdysis of the Infective Larvae of Certain Trichostrongylidae in Solutions of Sodium Sulphide and of Organic Compounds containing Sulphur

1935 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Lapage
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Sodium Thiosulphate ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae

1. The second ecdysis of infective nematode larvae readily occurs in watery infusions of chopped up garlic bulbs and the cast sheaths are dissolved after the larvae have left them. No particular change in the sheaths was observed before the ecdyses occurred.2. Ecdyses also occurred readily in 1% sodium sulphide in distilled water, the sheaths being, however, remarkably distended and thinned before the ecdysis occurred.3. In 0·1% solutions of cystein hydrochloride ecdyses occurred with changes in the sheath similar to those recorded by the writer in mixtures of HCl and NaOH and leading to detachment of a cap, but with little distension or thinning of the sheaths. The cast sheaths were usually not dissolved. Similar ecdyses occurred in 1% sodium taurocholate and 1% saccharin in distilled water, but the former of these two solutions seemed more toxic to the larvae than either saccharin or cystein hydrochloride.4. Some ecdyses occurred in 0·2% sulphonal with detachment of a cap and some osmotic distension and thinning of the sheaths. The empty sheaths were all slowly dissolved in the medium.5. In 1% sodium thiosulphate a few ecdyses occurred with some thinning and distension of the sheaths, but the larvae were usually shrunken and often died quickly.6. The solutions here described could be used for artificial production of ecdyses, 1% sodium sulphide being probably the best for this purpose; but none are so useful as the 1 in 20 dilution of Milton hypochlorite used by the writer (1933 b), because this also sterilises the exsheathed larvae and the medium in which they exsheath.

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