Seasonal pasture contamination and availability of nematodes for grazing sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Southcott ◽  
GW Major ◽  
IA Barger
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Fourth Larval Stage ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
And Control

In December 1970 and in January, February, March, April, May and September 1971 separate plots of sown pasture, each 0.1 ha, were contaminated by grazing sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. In succeeding months each plot was grazed by worm-free tracer lambs for 2 weeks; the lambs were then withdrawn and held for 2 weeks in pens before slaughter for total differential worm counts. Observations on each plot continued for 12 months; the numbers of worms found in the tracer lambs indicated the seasonal occurrence of nematode larvae on pasture. For Haemonchus contortus, larval availability from deposition was rapid in summer and slow in autumn, maximum inhibition at the fourth larval stage occurring in larvae picked up in the winter months. Ostertagia spp. presented a marked contrast, with curtailed development in summer and contamination in autumn producing high levels of infection on pasture in late winter and early spring when inhibition was at maximum levels. Of the other species studied, intestinal Trichostrongylus spp, showed a similar pattern of development to H. contortus in summer, but as with Ostertagia spp. autumn contamination could produce infection peaks in late winter and spring. Inhibition at the fourth larval stage was not a characteristic of intestinal Trichostrongylus spp. For T. axei autumn and winter conditions favoured development, and peak infestations occurred in spring and coincided with maximum inhibition. Nematodirus spp. developed mainly in summer and most inhibition occurred at this time. Spring (September) contamination with Nematodirus spp. did not result in detectable levels of infection. For all other species spring contamination was rapidly translated to pasture and the infection was comparatively short-lived. All species were capable of overwintering on pasture and with the possible exception of T. axei a persistence of infection of at least 12 months was demonstrated. For Ostertagia spp. the importance of late summer and autumn contamination in its epizootiology and control in a summer rainfall region has been confirmed.

The rumenitis and liver abscess complex and vitamin A status in beef cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
A. C. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensively Managed

SUMMARYThe seasonal incidence of rumen and liver lesions is recorded in traditional and in intensively managed cattle, together with the vitamin A status of the two groups. Rumen lesions were observed to reach a peak in the late winter and early spring in traditional cattle, at which time the liver vitamin A levels fell to the lowest point; liver lesions reached a peak in the late summer. No specific trend was observable in rumen and liver lesions in the barley beef group. The mean levels of vitamin A were approximately one-third of those shown by the traditionally managed animals.It did not prove possible using the agglutination test to identify the sera of animals showing active hepatic necrobacillosis at the time of slaughter.

scholarly journals Characterising terrestrial influences on Antarctic air masses using Radon-222 measurements at King George Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 9903-9916 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Chambers ◽  
S.-B. Hong ◽  
A. G. Williams ◽  
J. Crawford ◽  
A. D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
South American ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract. We report on one year of high-precision direct hourly radon observations at King Sejong Station (King George Island) beginning in February 2013. Findings are compared with historic and ongoing radon measurements from other Antarctic sites. Monthly median concentrations reduced from 72 mBq m−3 in late-summer to 44 mBq m−3 in late winter and early spring. Monthly 10th percentiles, ranging from 29 to 49 mBq m−3, were typical of oceanic baseline values. Diurnal cycles were rarely evident and local influences were minor, consistent with regional radon flux estimates one tenth of the global average for ice-free land. The predominant fetch region for terrestrially influenced air masses was South America (47–53° S), with minor influences also attributed to aged Australian air masses and local sources. Plume dilution factors of 2.8–4.0 were estimated for the most terrestrially influenced (South American) air masses, and a seasonal cycle in terrestrial influence on tropospheric air descending at the pole was identified and characterised.

Effects of irrigation timing in autumn and spring on seed production of subterranean clover, and the change in permeability and rate of germination of seed

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Kelly ◽  
WK Mason
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Large Influence ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effects of time of initial irrigation in late summer-autumn and final irrigation in spring on the amount of seed present, seed burial, relative proportions of each cultivar and changes in seed permeability with time were studied in mixed cultivar swards (cvv. Clare, Woogenellup and Trikkala) of subterranean clover. Irrigation treatments were 3 times of initial irrigation (1 February, 1 March and 1 April) combined with 2 times of final irrigation (mid October and mid November) from 1982 to the autumn of 1985. Seed was sampled 3 times per year; in mid December, prior to initial irrigation and in late winter. The timing of the first irrigation in autumn had no effect on the number of seed present in December which averaged 55,57 and 78 seeds/dm2 in 1982, 1983 and 1984 respectively. Time of final irrigation in spring had a large influence on the number of seeds present in mid December, with a 3-year average of 42 seeds/dm2 for the mid October treatment and 85 seeds/dm2 for the mid November treatment. Rainfall in summer and early autumn reduced the number of seed present between December and the initial irrigation. Residual seed measured in late winter accounted for 18% of the seed present in the previous December and was mostly located below the ground. Without summer rainfall, the proportion of permeable seed averaged over all cultivars increased from approximately 20% in mid December to 40, 60 and 70% in February, March and April respectively. The rate of germination of permeable seed was influenced by time of sampling, temperature of germination test (15 and 30�C), the incidence of rainfall, and the type of cultivar. The limitations of current subterranean clover cultivars under irrigated conditions are discussed and an outline of the characteristics required by cultivars to be used under irrigation is presented, with particular reference to autumn feed production.

The biology of Harveyella mirabilis (Cryptonemiales, Rhodophyceae). IV. Life history and phenology

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda J. Goff ◽  
Kathleen Cole
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

A 20-month field study of the reproductive biology of the parasitic red alga Harveyella mirabilis was undertaken to investigate the effects of environmental parameters on the reproductive periodicity of Harveyella in the intertidal habitat. In the northeast Pacific, tetraspores have been observed in the late winter - early spring; apparently they are produced in response to increased available sunlight and water temperature. Gametogenesis appears to be temperature sensitive; it occurs between a narrow temperature range (9–11 °C). Carpospores are produced in the late summer when both water temperature and day length reach a peak. The phenology of H. mirabilis in the North Atlantic differs from that which is observed in the North Pacific in the timing of gametogenesis and carposporogenesis. The significance of this is discussed in relation to the possible effects of differences in seawater temperature on gametogenesis.

Seasonality and global public interest in psoriasis: an infodemiology study

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (1133) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Yi-Lin Dan ◽  
Chan-Na Zhao ◽  
Yan-Mei Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Search Data ◽  
Google Search

ObjectiveAlthough patients with psoriasis frequently report seasonal changes in their symptoms, the seasonality of psoriasis has rarely been explored. This study aims to investigate the seasonal pattern of and global public interest in psoriasis using Google search data.MethodsInternet search data were collected from Google Trends. Data on the relative search volume (RSV) from January 2004 to December 2018 were retrieved using the term psoriasis. Cosinor analyses were conducted to examine the seasonality of psoriasis using data from two southern hemisphere countries (Australia and New Zealand) and four northern hemisphere countries (USA, Canada, UK and Ireland).ResultsOverall, searches for psoriasis steadily decreased between 2004 and 2010, and then rose from 2011 to 2018. On cosinor analyses, RSV of ‘psoriasis’ displayed a significant seasonal variation worldwide (p<0.025). Further analyses confirmed the seasonality of psoriasis-related RSV in Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada, UK and Ireland (p<0.025 for all), with peaks in the late winter/early spring months and troughs in the late summer/early autumn months. The top 11 rising topics were calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, ustekinumab, apremilast, shampoo, eczema, guttate psoriasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatitis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis and arthritis.ConclusionThere was a significant seasonal pattern for psoriasis, with peaks in the late winter/early spring and troughs in the late summer/early autumn. Further studies are warranted to confirm the seasonal pattern of psoriasis using clinical data and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Seasonal changes in the germination responses of seeds of Veronica peregrina during burial, and ecological implications

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3332-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Light In August ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Response To Temperature

Seeds of Veronica peregrina collected from a field population in central Kentucky were buried in soil and exposed to seasonal temperature changes. Fresh seeds and those exhumed after 1–26 months were tested in light and darkness at five thermoperiods simulating those in the natural habitat from early spring through late autumn. Freshly matured seeds were dormant, but they came out of dormancy in June and July and germinated to 98–100% in light in August at thermoperiods of 20:10, 25:15, 30:15, and 35:20 °C. Seeds retained the ability to germinate to high percentages at these temperatures until late winter and spring, but they never germinated to high percentages in darkness. Thus, in the natural habitat in July and August germination is prevented only by darkness and (or) insufficient soil moisture. At simulated habitat temperatures, seeds germinated to 88–100% in March and April but to only 21–69% in May and June. Seeds incubated at 15:6 °C showed a decline in germination percentages in late summer and autumn and an increase during late autumn and winter. The same general pattern of seasonal changes in germination response to temperature occurred during the 2nd year of burial.

scholarly journals Post-weaning growth of cattle in northern New South Wales. 2. Growth pathways of steers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Dicker ◽  
J. F. Ayres ◽  
M. J. McPhee ◽  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
A. D. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
South Wales

This paper describes the post-weaning growth of Bos taurus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus-derived steers grazing temperate perennial pasture in northern New South Wales. These cattle were either autumn weaners from spring-calving herds in summer rainfall environments, or summer weaners from autumn-calving herds in winter rainfall environments. Autumn weaners were grown out on 3 pasture systems: (i) pasture only (P1), (ii) pasture supplemented in late winter–early spring with formulated pellets of high protein content (P2), or (iii) pasture supplemented with a nitrogen-fertilised forage crop (P3) to provide different growth pathways towards entry to the finishing phase. Over the 3-year study, seasonal liveweight gain on P1 varied between –0.21 and 1.05 kg/head.day; liveweight gain was generally low (about 0.5 kg/head.day) in winter and high (about 0.8 kg/head.day) in spring. Bos taurus autumn weaners achieved feedlot entry specifications for the domestic market (300 kg liveweight) in 6–8 weeks by the end of winter, and feedlot entry specifications for the export market (400 kg liveweight) in 17–27 weeks by the end of summer. For B. taurus x B. indicus-derived autumn weaners, the period to feedlot entry was 19 and 33 weeks for domestic and export feedlot entry specifications, respectively. Supplementary feeding generally increased post-weaning growth in late winter–early spring and reduced the period to feedlot entry for export steers. Summer weaners were grown out on pasture in P1, P2 or P3 pasture systems, met domestic feedlot entry specifications on arrival, but did not reach export feedlot entry specifications before the onset of winter imposed liveweight stasis. The most effective grow-out system was based on Bos taurus autumn weaners with supplementary feeding in winter–spring to overcome the limitations of the winter feed gap.

Seasonal trends and variability of soil moisture under temperate pasture on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
RCG Smith ◽  
GG Johns
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
South Wales

A water balance model predicting changes in soil moisture under temperate pasture at Armidale, New South Wales was developed and tested against soil moisture measurements made from 1967 to 1969. The model accounted for 96 per cent of the variance in observed soil moisture. The model was then used to predict the expected pattern of soil moisture for this area using daily Armidale rainfall data from 1878 to 1973 and pan evaporation data from 1951 to 1970. Expected soil moisture levels rise to a maximum in late winter and then progressively decline to a minimum in mid summer. Levels may increase again slightly during late summer but remain low through autumn before beginning to rise again during winter. On the basis of this analysis it is suggested that the safest time to establish new plant species into temperate pasture is probably early winter when expected soil moisture begins to rise rapidly. Because of the autumn deficiency in soil moisture it was concluded that fodder oats grown in this period would often be inhibited by a lack of soil moisture unless preceded by a fallow to conserve late summer rainfall. The need for soil moisture data in interpreting and extrapolating from field experiments is stressed.

BIOLOGY OF APHODIUS HYXOS PETROVITZ (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA: APHODIIDAE) AND DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRD LARVAL STAGE

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Verdú ◽  
J.P. Lumaret ◽  
E. Galante
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractAphodius hyxos Petrovitz, 1962 was reared in the laboratory and the third-stage larva is described and illustrated. The third-stage larvae and life histories of Aphodius granarius (L.), 1767 and A. hyxos are compared. Adults of A. hyxos are active from late autumn until early spring, whereas adults of A. granarius are active chiefly from early spring to late summer. The larvae of both species may be separated by differences in the distribution of setae on the raster, the shape of the anal lobes, and the size and number of holes in the respiratory plate.

scholarly journals Characterising terrestrial influences on Antarctic air masses using radon-222 measurements at King George Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 11541-11576 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Chambers ◽  
S.-B. Hong ◽  
A. G. Williams ◽  
J. Crawford ◽  
A. D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
South American ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract. We report on one year of high precision direct hourly radon observations at King Sejong Station (King George Island) beginning in February 2013. Findings are compared with historic and ongoing radon measurements from other Antarctic sites. Monthly median concentrations reduced from 72 mBq m−3 in late summer to 44 mBq m−3 in late-winter and early-spring. Monthly 10th percentiles, ranging from 29 to 49 mBq m−3, were typical of oceanic baseline values. Diurnal cycles were rarely evident and local influences were minor, consistent with regional radon flux estimates one tenth of the global average for ice-free land. The predominant fetch region for terrestrially influenced air masses was South America (47–53° S), with minor influences also attributed to aged Australian air masses and local sources. Plume dilution factors of 2.8–4.0 were estimated for the most terrestrially influenced (South American) air masses, and a seasonal cycle in terrestrial influence on tropospheric air descending at the pole was identified and characterised.

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