The effect of soil water on root production of peach trees in summer

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Richards ◽  
B Cockroft
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Irrigation Frequency

The effect of soil water supply on peach root production in summer was studied in the Goulburn Valley area of northern Victoria. Under commercial irrigation practice roots do not grow in summer. Field experiments showed that when the soil was kept moist by frequent irrigation (every 3–4 days), the concentration of roots in the surface soil nearly doubled in a single season. Furthermore, observation through glass plates showed that this enhanced root growth occurred throughout summer. When roots were kept inactive in dry soil until midsummer and thereafter irrigated frequently, they immediately responded and grew rapidly. The increased root growth did not impair fruit production. In a glasshouse experiment, with glass-fronted chambers, a relationship between root elongation, root concentration and the drying rate of the soil was found. Each experiment supported the hypothesis that soil drying rate determines the growth of roots in the surface soil. Where there was a high concentration of roots, a low irrigation frequency, and high transpiration, the rate of soil drying was rapid and roots grew slowly. It is suggested that manipulation of root growth by regulation of soil water supply may be an important method of studying root-top interactions.

scholarly journals Root Development Patterns in Field Grown Peach Trees

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Glenn ◽  
W.V. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Peach Trees

The objective was to determine the interrelationship between root growth and plant available soil water (PAW) for young, nonbearing, and mature fruiting peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) over 7 years. Root growth observed with minirhizotrons indicated that young, nonbearing trees developed new white roots throughout the growing season. The pattern of new white root growth became bimodal when the trees fruited. White root production in mature trees appeared in March, preceding budbreak, ceased in June, resumed following fruitremoval in August, and persisted through January. The appearance of white roots was inversely related to the presence of fruit and was not correlated to PAW levels in the 0 to 90 cm depth. The lack of root growth response to PAW levels was attributed to a root system that penetrated the soil to depths beyond our zone of sampling. Circumstantial evidence suggests that deep roots help maintain the surface root system when the surface soil dries.

Root growth and distribution in rice cultivars as affected by nitrogen and water supply

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Xiang GU ◽  
Liang TANG ◽  
Qi-Jun XU ◽  
Xiao-Jun LEI ◽  
Wei-Xing CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Citrus Carbohydrate Levels were Related to Irrigation Frequency but Not Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) Inoculum

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498a-498
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Fidelibus ◽  
Chris A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Water Tension

Sugar and starch concentrations in leaves and roots of Citrus volkameriana Tan and Pasq were measured in response to irrigation frequency and AMF inoculum. Non-mycorrhizal seedlings were treated with a soil inoculum from one of five different communities of AMF; two AMF communities from Arizona citrus orchard soils, and three communities from undisturbed desert soils. Plants were assigned to frequent (soil water tension > –0.01 MPa) or infrequent (soil water tension > –0.06 MPa) irrigation cycles and were container-grown in a glasshouse for 4 months before tissues were analyzed. Fungal inoculum source did not affect shoot or root carbohydrate levels. Plants grown under high irrigation frequency had increased leaf and root starch levels and increased root sugar levels compared with those under low irrigation frequencies. High irrigation frequency also increased shoot mass.

ABA regulation of root growth during soil drying and recovery can involve auxin response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Qianwen Wang ◽  
Yiying Cao ◽  
Feiyun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Auxin Response

Soil water repellency in sandy soil depends on the soil drying method, incubation temperature and specific surface area

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 115264
Author(s):  
Enoch V.S. Wong ◽  
Philip R. Ward ◽  
Daniel V. Murphy ◽  
Matthias Leopold ◽  
Louise Barton
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Soil Water Repellency

Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
D. R. Mulligan ◽  
L. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Difference

At Weipa, in Queensland, Australia, sown tree and shrub species sometimes fail to establish on bauxite-mined land, possibly because surface-soil organic matter declines during soil stripping and replacement. We devised 2 field experiments to investigate the links between soil rehabilitation operations, organic matter decline, and revegetation failure. Experiment 1 compared two routinely practiced operations, dual-strip (DS) and stockpile soil, with double-pass (DP), an alternative method, and subsoil only, an occasional result of the DS operation. Other treatments included variations in stripping-time, ripping-time, fertiliser rate, and cultivation. Dilution of topsoil with subsoil, low-grade bauxite, and ironstone accounted for the 46% decline of surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C in DS compared with pre-strip soil. In contrast, organic C in the surface-soil (0–10 cm) of DP plots (25.0 t/ha) closely resembled the pre-strip area (28.6 t/ha). However, profile (0–60 cm) organic C did not differ between DS (91.5 t/ha), DP (107 t/ha), and pre-strip soil (89.9 t/ha). Eighteen months after plots were sown with native vegetation, surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C had declined by an average of 9% across all plots. In Experiment 2, we measured the potential for post-rehabilitation decline of organic matter in hand-stripped and replaced soil columns that simulated the DS operation. Soils were incubated in situ without organic inputs. After 1 year’s incubation, organic C had declined by up to 26% and microbial biomass C by up to 61%. The difference in organic C decline between vegetated replaced soils (Expt 1) and bare replaced soils (Expt 2) showed that organic inputs affect levels of organic matter more than soil disturbance. Where topsoil was replaced at the top of the profile (DP) and not ploughed, inputs from volunteer native grasses balanced oxidation losses and organic C levels did not decline.

scholarly journals Increased Tolerance of Citrus (Citrus tangerina) Seedlings to Soil Water Deficit after Mycorrhizal Inoculation: Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Defense System

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Dan NI ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Yong-Ming HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance tolerance of plants to soil water deficit, whereas morphological observations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme system are poorly studied. The present study thereby evaluated temporal variations of the antioxidant enzyme system in citrus (Citrus tangerina) seedlings colonized by Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae over a 12-day period of soil drying. Root colonization by G. etunicatum and G. mosseae decreased with soil drying days from 32.0 to 1.0% and 50.1 to 4.5% in 0-day to 12-day, respectively. Compared to the non-AM controls, the AMF colonized plants had significantly lower tissue (both leaves and roots) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2•–) concentrations during soil water deficit, whereas 1.03–1.92, 1.25–1.84 and 1.18–1.69 times higher enzyme activity in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase. In situ leaf H2O2 and root POD location also showed that AM seedlings had less leaf H2O2 but higher root POD accumulation. Furthermore, significantly higher root infection and antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants colonized with G. mosseae expressed than with G. etunicatum during the soil drying. These results demonstrated that the AMs could confer greater tolerance of citrus seedlings to soil water deficit through an enhancement in their antioxidant enzyme defence system whilst an decrease level in H2O2 and O2•–.

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