Morphophysiological determinants of yield in rapeseed (Brassica campestris and Brassica napus). II.* Yield components

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Thurling
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Analyses of yield component relationships in the oilseed rape species Brassica napus and Brassica campestris revealed substantial component compensation in both species. There were, however, certain differences between these species in the morphological expression of the compensatory mechanism. In B. napus, the decline in yield with successive delays in sowing date was accompanied by a marked reduction in the number of pods per plant, but little change in the seed weight per pod. The yield of B. campestris was higher in the second sowing than in either the earlier or later sowings; however, there was still a substantial decrease in the number of pods per plant. This decrease in the number of pods per plant was accompanied by an increase in the seed weight per pod which was substantially greater between the first and second sowings than between the second and third. From correlation analyses it was evident that variation in seed yield was related primarily to changes in the number of pods per plant in B. napus and to changes in seed weight per pod in B. campestris. The results of this experiment supported the widely held view that yield component compensation in grain crops is an inevitable consequence of a limited input of metabolites to the developing inflorescence. A reduction in the metabolic input to the inflorescence should, therefore, be accompanied by appropriate adjustments in the yield component system. If it is assumed that the total dry weight of the plant at flowering reflects, to some degree at least, the potential metabolic input of the plant, then a response of this type was particularly apparent in changes in the relative magnitude of the different yield components between the first and second sowings. In B. napus, a sharp reduction in the total dry weight of the plant was accompanied by a decrease in the number of pods per plant without any significant change in the seed weight per pod. Although there was a slight rise in the total dry weight of B. campestris over the same interval, there was still a substantial reduction in the number of pods per plant which, however, was associated with a proportionately greater increase in the seed weight per pod. Appropriate transformations of the basic data revealed that inter-trait correlations or stresses strongly masked the true influence of source variation on the component characters succeeding number of pod bearing branches in the developmental sequence. The main effect of removal of the stress influence was a substantial inflation in the contribution of the cultivar x environment interaction to the variation in the component characters. Yield component relationships in the rapeseed species were, in fact, characterized by a strong environmental control of the type and degree of stress as well as by significant genetic control only of characters early in the developmental sequence. It is considered that such a situation makes it possible for reliable yield predictions to be based on yield component data and is, therefore, encouraging as regards the development of more efficient procedures of selection for yield components. ____________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 25: 697 (1974).

INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AND SEEDING RATES ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BRASSICA NAPUS CV. TOWER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
G. M. SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Seeds

An analysis of the yield components of rape (Brassica napus L.) was carried out under field conditions for 2 yr at Saskatoon. Plant morphology and the crop environment were altered by the use of four planting densities and three water regimes. The number of branches per plant was scarcely affected by irrigation, but was reduced by high seeding rates. Number of pods per plant was increased by irrigation and reduced by high seeding rates. The number of seeds per pod was increased by irrigation, but reduced by high seeding rates. The 1,000-seed weight was increased both by irrigation and increased seeding rate, as was seed yield. Yield was positively correlated with 1,000-seed weight in both years. Yield component compensation was evident in the relationship of 1,000-seed weight to pod number and number of seeds per pod.

Morphophysiological determinants of yield in rapeseed (Brassica campestris and Brassica napus). I. Growth and morphological characters

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Thurling
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Final Harvest

Variation in sowing date was found to have a marked effect on the seed yield and different morphological and growth characteristics of spring cultivars of the oilseed rape species Brassica campestris and Brassica napus. The two species differed appreciably, however, in their responses to successive delays in sowing date. In B. napus, there was a significant and continuous decline in seed yield with later sowings. This decline in seed yield was associated primarily with a reduction in the total dry weight of the plant at the final harvest which, in turn, was most closely correlated with the duration of the vegetative phase of growth. The total dry weight of the plant and the seed yield were greatest in the first sowing where flowering was substantially later than in either of the later sowings. Since earlier-flowering cultivars of B. napus would be better adapted to Western Australian conditions, where there is a rapid decline in soil moisture reserves during the spring, significant improvements in seed yield could depend largely on increasing the rate of pre-anthesis growth. In this experiment, however, no significant variation in the relative rate of growth prior to flowering was observed because of the marked negative association between net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio. Further studies of the variation in growth amongst a far wider range of genotypes will, nevertheless, be necessary to properly assess the feasibility of increasing relative growth rates by selection. The seed yield of B. campestris was substantially greater in the second sowing than in either the first or third sowings. Although seed yield was significantly correlated with both total dry weight of the plant at final harvest and the harvest index, the latter appeared to be the most important determinant of seed yield in this species. By contrast with B. napus, most of the dry weight of the plant at the final harvest was accumulated during the post-anthesis phase of growth. Accordingly, the character leaf area duration between anthesis and final harvest was found to be the most significant determinant of the total dry weight of the plant in B. campestris. The leaf weight ratio of the plant at anthesis also contributed significantly to total dry weight at the final harvest; this indicates that the pattern of dry matter distribution in the plant during the vegetative phase could prove a useful criterion for selecting potentially high-yielding strains of this species.

THE EFFECTS OF LEAF REMOVAL ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF BRASSICA NAPUS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The effects of time of leaf removal on Brassica napus L. were studied under field conditions at Saskatoon in 1976 and at Swift Current in 1977. Leaf removal at the start of flowering reduced the number of pods per plant, increased seed weight, and reduced seed yield. Leaf removal at the end of flowering did not affect yield or its components.

scholarly journals Genetic distance and its association with heterosis in cacao

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias ◽  
Jane Marita ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros ◽  
Tânia Maria Fernandes Salomão
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Mahalanobis Distance ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Hybrid Performance

The efficiency of cacao breeding program can be increased by choosing superior crosses to be made between divergent clones. We assessed the genetic distance among five clones with RAPD data (genetic distance - GD) and with yield component data (Mahalanobis distance - MD). The clones were evaluated in a diallel, during five years, for five yield components. A total of 130 RAPD bands were scored. GD and MD were used to determine the correlation between genetic distances among clones and the performance of their hybrids. The correlation between GD and MD was 0.67 (P=0.03). Both distances were related to heterotic performance of hybrids for wet seed weight/plant and wet seed weight/fruit. The average hybrid performance for the same two yield components was correlated with only MD. Hence, genetic distances measured by RAPD and yield components can be used as a guide to the choice of the superior crosses.

ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF IRRIGATED RAPE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Irrigated Polish rape (Brassica campestris L. cv. Span) and Argentine rape (B. napus L. cv. Zephyr) were harvested at 1-wk intervals at Lethbridge, Alberta and separated into leaves, stems, pods, and seed. Leaves reached maximum dry weight on 8 July for Span and 15 July for Zephyr and then senesced completely or to low levels. Maximum plant dry matter, which ranged from 312 to 1,174 g/m2, occurred in the last half of August. Although total dry weight increased substantially during the period that leaf dry weight was decreasing, crop growth rate also decreased, indicating that leaves were an important source of photosynthates for plant growth.

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis in Advanced Lines of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) for Yield Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejaz Ul-Hasan ◽  
H.S.B. Mustafa ◽  
Tahira Bibi ◽  
T. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Days To Maturity

ABSTRACT The present research was carried out to determine the best selection criteria for yield improvement in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Nine genotypes of Brassica napus were sown at Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad, during the years 2011- 2012, to evaluate the means and components of variability (genotypic and phenotypic), heritability (h2 B.S), correlation (genotypic and phenotypic) and path analysis for yield and various yield components. At phenotypic and genotypic level, seed yield/plant had significant positive correlation with plant height, seeds/plant and siliqua/plant. A positive and highly significant genetic relationship was found between plant height and seeds/plant, siliqua length and seeds/siliqua, days to maturity and 1000 seed weight, days to flowering and seeds/plant, days to maturity and seeds/plant. Path coefficient revealed that the seeds/siliqua, 1000 seed weight, days to flowering, days to maturity and seeds/plant had direct positive contribution towards seed yield per plant. For rapeseed breeding seed per plant was the variable with maximum potential of selection for seed yield improvement because this trait possessed high h2 B.S, highly significant positive correlation and maximum positive direct effects with yield

Genetic analysis of grain yield conditioned on its component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Liu ◽  
J. Yang ◽  
H. M. Xu ◽  
Y. Hayat ◽  
J. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Yield Component Traits

Grain yield (GY) of rice is a complex trait consisting of several yield components. It is of great importance to reveal the genetic relationships between GY and its yield components at the QTL (quantitative trait loci) level for multi-trait improvement in rice. In the present study, GY per plant in rice and its 3 yield component traits, panicle number per plant (PN), grain number per panicle (GN), and 1000-grain weight (GW), were investigated using a doubled-haploid population derived from a cross of an indica variety IR64 and a japonica variety Azucena. The phenotypic values collected from 2 cropping seasons were analysed by QTLNetwork 2.0 for mapping QTLs with additive (a) and/or additive × environment interaction (ae) effects. Furthermore, conditional QTL analysis was conducted to detect QTLs for GY independent of yield components. The results showed that the general genetic variation in GY was largely influenced by GN with the contribution ratio of 29.2%, and PN and GN contributed 10.5% and 74.6% of the genotype × environment interaction variation in GY, respectively. Four QTLs were detected with additive and/or additive × environment interaction effects for GY by the unconditional mapping method. However, for GY conditioned on PN, GN, and GW, 6 additional loci were identified by the conditional mapping method. All of the detected QTLs affecting GY were associated with at least one of the 3 yield components. The results revealed that QTL expressions of GY were contributed differently by 3 yield component traits, and provide valuable information for effectively improving GY in rice.

scholarly journals Variability and correlations between yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Milos Vidic ◽  
Djordje Jockovic ◽  
Jela Ikanovic ◽  
Snezana Jaksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Tea Protein ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

NS soybean cultivars were assessed for variability of and correlations between yield components and the effect of genotype - environment interaction on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics. Experiments were carried out at Rimski Sancevi experiment field in 2009 and 2010. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (cm), height of first pod (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and the combined content of oil and protein in grain (%). Combined contents of oil and protein in grain soybean were determined by a non destructive method of near infrared spectroscopy on PERTEN DA 7000 (NIR/VIS Spectrophotometer). The studied characteristics varied significantly depending on genotype and year. The highest yield of 5273 kg/ha was obtained in 2009 with the genotype Victoria. Highest 1000-grain weights, 2009-2010, were achieved with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria (149.27 g and 147.23 g). Maximum heights of first pod (19.40 cm) were recorded for the genotype Victoria, 2009-2010. Highest protein contents were obtained with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria, 2009-2010, were and highest oil contents (21.73%) with the genotype Tea. Protein content was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and negatively significantly correlated with oil content, and negatively correlated with yield and the height of first pod. Oil content was positively correlated with the height of first pod. Thousand-grain weight was negatively highly significantly correlated with oil content in grain and negatively significantly correlated the height of first pod. The results of this study should facilitate further soybean breeding for improved seed yield and protein and oil contents.

Variation in harvest index of maize (Zea mays) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in a marginal rainfall area of Kenya

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Pilbeam
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Short Rains ◽  
Total Dry Weight

SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in five seasons, beginning in the long rains 1990 and ending in the short rains 1992, at Kiboko, Kenya under a range of different management conditions (N fertilization, irrigation, population density and intercropping). Seed weight was plotted against total dry weight to determine harvest index for both crops. For bean the intercept of this relationship for each experiment, with one exception, was not significantly different from zero, so that the slopes of the regressions were the harvest indices. Harvest indices for bean varied more between seasons (0·38–00·85) than from the effects of management practices (00·53–0·71). Over all seasons and treatments, the index for bean did not vary systematically with crop weight, and averaged 0·50. By contrast, a similar analysis for maize over all seasons and treatments, showed that the harvest index varied with crop dry weight, approaching an asymptotic value as dry weight increased. The regression intercepts for the different experiments were significantly different from each other, and in three cases differed significantly from zero. Therefore, although the slopes for the different experiments were parallel, they did not always represent the harvest index.

scholarly journals Genetic potential and heritability estimates of yield and yield associated traits in rape seed Brassica napus L

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-340
Author(s):  
Sadia Shaukat ◽  
Dr Raziuddin ◽  
Fahim Ullah Khan ◽  
Ibni Amin Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Pod Length

To investigate genetic variability and heritability, eight Brassica napus genotypes were evaluated at New Developmental Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture. Peshawar University, during 2010-11. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P≤0.01) among Brassica napus genotypes for all the studied characters. Mean values showed that maximum primary branches plant-1 (15) was observed for genotype PGRI-8, plant height (220.66 cm) for genotype CH-6 and PGRI-8, pods main raceme-1 (96.33) for genotype CH-1, pods plant-1 (994) for genotype PGRI- 8, pod length (8.3 cm) for genotype PGRI- 7, seeds pod-1 (27) for genotype CH-1, 1000-seed weight (3.97 g) for genotype CH-2, and seed yield plant-1 (91.1 g) for genotype PGRI-8. In t terms of heritability values, high broad sense heritability estimates were observed for primary branches plant-1 (0.83), plant height (0.78), pods main raceme-1 (0.65), seeds pod-1 (0.61), 1000-seed weight (0.61), while moderate heritability values were recorded for pod length (0.57), pods plant-1 (0.55), and seed yield plant-1 (0.50). In conclusion, the significant differences among Brassica napus genotypes showed that there is sufficient variability for effective selection. The trend of heritability (moderate to high) in the present study indicates that there is more genetic control and selection should lead to quick improvement. Furthermore genotype PGRI-8 surpassed all other genotypes in yield and yield component and could be used in future breeding programs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12661 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 330-340

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