Effects of temperature and day length on cytoplasmic male sterility in cotton (Gossypium)

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Marshall ◽  
NJ Thompson ◽  
GH Nicholls ◽  
CM Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
B Lines

Temperature and day length were shown to affect, to a major and minor degree respectively, the expression of male sterility in G. hirsutum stocks carrying G. anomalum or G. arboreum cytoplasms. Generally, sterility increased with increasing temperature and day length. Day temperatures above 33°C were required for the consistent expression of male sterility in the sterile A lines tested, while the maintainer, or B, lines became completely sterile at day temperatures above 36�. It was concluded that while the production of hybrid cotton seed by means of the sterile A lines currently available may be feasible in some tropical areas of Australia, it would be desirable to develop genotypes in which the cytoplasmic male sterile character is stable under a much wider set of temperature regimes.

Effects of Temperature on Leaf Expansion in Sunflower

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson ◽  
JH Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Relative Change

Five commercial cultivars of sunflower were grown in cabinets at three temperature regimes, 32/22, 27/17 and 22/12°C, and with 15-h and 11-h photoperiods, and expansion of leaves 5-15 was followed. Leaves appeared faster with increasing temperature (0.022 leaves day-1 °C-1) and with increasing daylength. Areas of individual leaves increased linearly up the plant profile and, although final area per leaf (Amax) decreased with increasing temperature, the relative change was similar for each leaf position. Cultivars maintained their ranking for Amax across temperatures, and these rankings agreed with those in previous field studies. Within each temperature regime, both the expansion rate of leaves and the duration of expansion increased with leaf position. As temperature increased, leaves grew for shorter periods with a change of 1.04 days °C-1, but under the photon flux density used (500 �mol m-2 s-1, or about 25% full sunlight) expansion rates were greatest at the lowest temperature. Expansion rates were only one-third of those in field studies at comparable temperatures, but durations were similar. Cultivars that achieved the largest Amax did so via faster rates of expansion and not via longer durations: only one cultivar differed from the mean (20 days) duration of leaf expansion. All cultivars reached floral initiation progressively earlier with extension of photoperiod from 10 to 15 h, with the change for the most sensitive cultivars being 8 days and for the least sensitive 5 days. Rates of leaf emergence were linked with this sensitivity.

scholarly journals Substrate Acidification by Geranium: Temperature Effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Taylor ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Substrate Ph ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus

Sudden pH decline (SPD) describes the situation where crops growing at an appropriate pH rapidly (within 1–2 weeks) cause the substrate pH to shift downward one to two units. ‘Designer Dark Red’ geraniums (Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) were grown in three experiments to assess possible effects of temperature on SPD. The first experiment tested the effect of four day/night temperature regimes (14 °C day/10 °C night, 18 °C day/14 °C night, 22 °C day/18 °C night, and 26 °C day/22 °C night) on substrate acidification. At 63 days after transplanting (DAT), substrate pH declined from 6.8 to 4.6 as temperature increased. Tissue phosphorus (P) of plants grown at the highest three temperatures was extremely low (0.10%–0.14% of dry weight), and P stress has been reported to cause acidification. It was not possible to determine if the drop in substrate pH was a singular temperature effect or a combination of high temperature and low P. To resolve this, a second experiment tested a factorial combination of the three highest temperatures from the first experiment and five preplant P rates (0, 0.065, 0.13, 0.26, or 0.52 g·L−1 substrate). Regardless of tissue P concentrations, which ranged from deficient to above adequate, substrate pH decreased with increasing temperature. At 63 DAT, in the 0.065 and 0.13 P treatments, tissue P was deficient and pH decreased with increasing temperature from 5.6 to 4.7 and 5.9 to 4.7, respectively. In the 0.26 P treatment, tissue P was adequate at the lowest temperature and there was no acidification. At the mid- and highest temperatures, tissue P was deficient and statistically equivalent, yet pH decreased to 5.2 and 4.7, respectively. In the highest P treatment, tissue P levels were unaffected by temperature, above adequate, and pH declined with each increase in temperature from 6.5 to 5.0. The results at 63 DAT once more showed that temperature acted independent of tissue P and caused geraniums to acidify the substrate. In the third experiment, the amount of acidity produced by roots of plants grown at the two highest temperatures used in the first two experiments was quantified. Plants grown at the higher temperature produced 28% more acid per gram dry root. The results herein indicate that high temperature can induce SPD by geranium.

scholarly journals Application of LW7 marker for identification of progenies with male sterility gene in sweet sorghum population

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darika Bunphan ◽  
Prasit Jaisil ◽  
Jirawat Sanitchon
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sterility Gene ◽  
The One ◽  
B Lines ◽  
Male Sterility Gene

The objectives of this study were to verify the use of LW7 marker in identifying maintainer lines (B-lines) and restorer lines (R-lines) in grain sorghum and sweet sorghum, and to identify B-lines in the F2, BC1F2 and BC2F2 generations. Twenty five accessions of sorghum were evaluated, and LW7 marker correctly identified accessions which presented male sterility gene (rf4) in Suphan Buri1 and 03B cultivars; moreover, these genotypes did not show 779 bp band. The cross between Suphan Buri1 and a male-sterile line (A-line) 03A resulted in a sterilized male, confirming the usefulness of the marker in breeding programs. B-lines in the F2, BC1F2 and BC2F2 generations were identified by LW7 marker. The segregation ratio of 3:1 for male fertility and male sterility in the progenies of the three generations supported the one-gene model of Mendelian segregation. The use of marker assisted selection was successful for line development of sweet sorghum with male sterility.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on sex expression in onion (Allium cepa L.).

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Q.P. van der Meer ◽  
J.L. van Bennekom
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
B Lines

At the onset of bolting, eleven populations of the variety Wolska were placed in the greenhouse at constant temperatures of 14, 17, 20 or 23 deg C. The percentage of male-fertile plants increased with increasing temperature, the critical temperature appearing to be 17 deg C. The transference of plants from outside to a constant temperature of 14 deg C, three or six weeks after the initiation of bolting, showed the effect of temperature to decrease with time, suggesting that induction of male sterility occurs in the early stages of bolting. Observations on an unspecified number of A and B lines of the variety Rijnsburg at 14, 20 and 23 deg C indicated that instability of sex expression occurs only in B lines. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON STERILITY OF TWO CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY SYSTEMS IN RAPE (Brassica napus L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHEGONG FAN ◽  
B. R. STEFANSSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The effect of temperature on two cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) systems in rape (Brassica napus L.) was investigated. These were the nap CMS system with cytoplasm which occurs in most Canadian cultivars and the pol CMS system with cytoplasm from the cultivar Polima. The day/night temperature regimes used were 22/16, 26/20 and 30/24 °C. Two floral characteristics, anther type and stamen length, were influenced by temperature treatments. Male sterility of both CMS systems was expressed consistently at the lowest temperature. The nap male-sterile plants became partially sterile at the second temperature and fully fertile at the highest temperature. The pol male-sterile plants were more stable and became partially sterile only at the highest temperature.Key words: Rape, Brassica napus L., CMS, temperature

scholarly journals (116) Floral Competence of Primocane-fruiting Blackberries Prime-Jan™ and Prime-Jim™ Grown at Three Temperature Regimes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048B-1048
Author(s):  
Michele A. Stanton ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens ◽  
Richard C. Funt ◽  
John R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

We investigated the response of staminate and pistillate floral components of Prime-Jan™ and Prime-Jim™ primocane-fruiting blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) to three different growth chamber temperature regimes, 35.0/23.9 °C (HT), 29.4/18.3 °C (MT), and 23.9/12.8 °C (LT). Temperature was negatively related to flower size and morphological abnormalities in floral structures were evident in 41% and 98% of the MT- and HT-grown plants, respectively. The viability (stainability) of pollen from LT- and MT-grown Prime-Jan™ flowers exceeded 70%; that of Prime-Jim™ pollen was significantly reduced (<40%) by the MT regime. Pollen in-vitro germinability was negatively influenced by temperature but was unaffected by cultivar. LT-grown pollen held at 23.9 °C retained 63% of its original germinability over a 32-hour period; the germinability of LT-grown pollen held at 35.0 °C was decreased by 97% from its original level after 16 hours. Virtually all flowers cultured under HT conditions were male-sterile, exhibiting structural and/or sporogenous class abnormalities including petaloidy, malformation of tapetal cells, and microspores or failure of dehiscence. The duration of stigma receptivity, pistil density, and drupelet set were also negatively influenced by increasing temperature; values for these parameters of floral competency among control plants were reduced by 51%, 39%, and 76%, respectively, in flowers cultured under HT conditions. Herein, flowering and fruiting parameters and presumably the yield potential of Prime-Jan™ and Prime-Jim™ were adversely affected by increased temperature. However, assessment of their adaptative response to heat stress under field conditions awaits experimentation.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on the Time to Flowering of Petunia `Express Blush Pink'

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Adams ◽  
P. Hadley ◽  
S. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Short Days

The effects of temperature and sowing date on the time to first flowering were investigated in Petunia ×hybrida Vilm `Express Blush Pink' sown on three separate dates (8 Feb., 1 Mar. and 22 Mar. 1993) and grown in glasshouse compartments set to provide six air temperature regimes (minimum temperatures of 4, 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 °C). Flowering was hastened under high temperatures and sowing later in the season (22 Mar.). To determine the extent to which this seasonal effect was due to photoperiod, a second experiment was conducted where plants were grown under controlled daylengths (8, 11, 14, and 17 h·d-1) within six temperature-controlled glasshouse compartments (set to provide minimum temperatures of 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 °C). The rate of progress to first flowering increased linearly with lengthening photoperiod up to a critical photoperiod of 14.4 h·d-1, while further increases in daylength had no further affect in hastening flowering. The rate of progress to flowering increased linearly with increasing temperature, however, the optimum temperature, at which the rate of progress to flowering was maximal, was lower under short days compared to long days. Furthermore, the rate of progress to flowering increased linearly with increasing photosynthetic photon flux (PPF). Data from both experiments were analyzed to construct a model to predict the effects of temperature, photoperiod, and PPF on time of flowering in petunia. This model accurately (r2 = 0.88) predicted the flowering times of a different set of plants sown on three dates and grown under six temperature regimes (6, 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 °C).

Determination of fertility conversion indices for genic male-sterile rice in China

2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
X. G. LU ◽  
K. M. YAO ◽  
Q. H. YUAN ◽  
B. CAO ◽  
T. M. MOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
High Or Low Temperature ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

The genic male-sterile rice (GMSR) sensitive to photoperiod during the panicle development period is a novel type of germplasm in rice, which is sterile under the long-day condition but fertile under the short-day condition. The fertility is also affected by temperature. A number of GMSR lines have been popularly used in commercial seed production of hybrid rice in China. Because the sterility is decided by environmental factors, a set of fertility conversion indices has been proposed to evaluate the usability and to determine the suitable regions for safe application of these male sterile lines. In the present experiment, 13 photoperiod-sensitive (PGMSR) lines that are dominant in China were sown by stages in the field at Hainan Island (18° 14′ N), Quiyang (26° 35′ N) and Wuhan (30° 38′ N) in China. The fertility and sterility were distinguished on the percentage of seed-setting on the bagged panicles (PBS). The fertility conversion indices were determined on the day-length and temperature regimes and on a fertility quantifying model, and comparison was made between the two methods. Results showed that it was feasible to determine the fertility conversion index of GMSR lines based on data of bagged seed-setting rates in experiments of sowing at different times in the field. Of the 13 sterile lines observed, two of the PGMSR were found to be completely sterile when the length of the day exceeded 12·3 h. Five temperature-sensitive (TGMSR) lines had fertility conversion indices of 24 °C. One of the photoperiod- and temperature-sensitive (PTGMSR) lines showed that steady fertility conversion occurred under the short day in spite of high or low temperature. These GMSR lines are adaptable to the conditions of day-length and temperature in the main rice-growing regions of China and thus of high value in application to seed production.

scholarly journals A single nucleotide polymorphism in an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene triggers the male sterility in soybean ms6 (Ames1)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junping Yu ◽  
Guolong Zhao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Key message Identification and functional analysis of the male sterile gene MS6 in Glycine max. Abstract Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important crop providing vegetable oil and protein. The male sterility-based hybrid breeding is a promising method for improving soybean yield to meet the globally growing demand. In this research, we identified a soybean genic male sterile locus, MS6, by combining the bulked segregant analysis sequencing method and the map-based cloning technology. MS6, highly expressed in anther, encodes an R2R3 MYB transcription factor (GmTDF1-1) that is homologous to Tapetal Development and Function 1, a key factor for anther development in Arabidopsis and rice. In male sterile ms6 (Ames1), the mutant allele contains a missense mutation, leading to the 76th leucine substituted by histidine in the DNA binding domain of GmTDF1-1. The expression of soybean MS6 under the control of the AtTDF1 promoter could rescue the male sterility of attdf1 but ms6 could not. Additionally, ms6 overexpression in wild-type Arabidopsis did not affect anther development. These results evidence that GmTDF1-1 is a functional TDF1 homolog and L76H disrupts its function. Notably, GmTDF1-1 shows 92% sequence identity with another soybean protein termed as GmTDF1-2, whose active expression also restored the fertility of attdf1. However, GmTDF1-2 is constitutively expressed at a very low level in soybean, and therefore, not able to compensate for the MS6 deficiency. Analysis of the TDF1-involved anther development regulatory pathway showed that expressions of the genes downstream of TDF1 are significantly suppressed in ms6, unveiling that GmTDF1-1 is a core transcription factor regulating soybean anther development.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on the behaviour and metabolism of an intertidal foraminifera and consequences for benthic ecosystem functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Deldicq ◽  
Dewi Langlet ◽  
Camille Delaeter ◽  
Grégory Beaugrand ◽  
Laurent Seuront ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractHeatwaves have increased in intensity, duration and frequency over the last decades due to climate change. Intertidal species, living in a highly variable environment, are likely to be exposed to such heatwaves since they can be emerged for more than 6 h during a tidal cycle. Little is known, however, on how temperature affects species traits (e.g. locomotion and behaviour) of slow-moving organisms such as benthic foraminifera (single-celled protists), which abound in marine sediments. Here, we examine how temperature influences motion-behaviour and metabolic traits of the dominant temperate foraminifera Haynesina germanica by exposing individuals to usual (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 °C) and extreme (high; i.e. 32, 34, 36 °C) temperature regimes. Our results show that individuals reduced their activity by up to 80% under high temperature regimes whereas they remained active under the temperatures they usually experience in the field. When exposed to a hyper-thermic stress (i.e. 36 °C), all individuals remained burrowed and the photosynthetic activity of their sequestered chloroplasts significantly decreased. Recovery experiments subsequently revealed that individuals initially exposed to a high thermal regime partially recovered when the hyper-thermic stress ceased. H. germanica contribution to surface sediment reworking substantially diminished from 10 mm3 indiv−1 day−1 (usual temperature) to 0 mm3 indiv−1 day−1 when individuals were exposed to high temperature regimes (i.e. above 32 °C). Given their role in sediment reworking and organic matter remineralisation, our results suggest that heatwaves may have profound long-lasting effects on the functioning of intertidal muddy ecosystems and some key biogeochemical cycles.

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