Distribution of a Johnson grass strain of sugarcane mosaic virus in New South Wales and studies of the host range of the Johnson grass and sugarcane strains

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Johnson Grass ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Virus Isolates

Sugarcane mosaic virus is widely distributed in New South Wales. It was isolated from 10 species of plants. Twenty-seven native and introduced grass species were susceptible to SCMV by mechanical inoculation. Seventeen new hosts of SCMV were recorded. Of 20 virus isolates from eight host species, only one—from sugarcane—failed to infect Johnson grass. The principal reservoir for sugarcane mosaic virus was Johnson grass.

Turnip mosaic virus: potential for crop losses in the grain belt of New South Wales, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Schwinghamer ◽  
Mark A. Schilg ◽  
John A. Walsh ◽  
Rodney W. Bambach ◽  
Rosa M. Cossu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
South Wales

Smoke affects the Germination of Native Grasses of New South Wales

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Read ◽  
Sean M. Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Environmental Stimulus ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Stimulation Of

The germination responses to plant-derived smoke of seeds of 20 native grass species from New South Wales, Australia, were tested under laboratory conditions. The species belonged to 14 genera including Bothriochloa, Chloris, Cymbopogon, Danthonia, Dichanthium, Digitaria, Eragrostis, Eriochloa, Microlaena, Panicum, Paspalidium, Poa, Stipa and Themeda. The interaction between smoke and husk-imposed dormancy was examined by removing the floral structures surrounding the seeds, when sufficient seeds were available. Smoke was shown to be an important environmental stimulus for breaking the dormancy of native grasses; however, the response differed considerably between different genera and between species of the same genus. For almost half of the species, smoke significantly increased the germination percentage. Panicum decompositum showed the greatest response, with germination increasing from 7.7 to 63.1% when smoke was applied. Panicum effusum had no germination in the absence of smoke, but 16.7% germination when smoke was applied. Stipa scabra subsp. scabra had germination significantly reduced by smoke from 30.2 to 19.9%. Five species had their germination rate, but not the final germination percentage, affected by smoke, and a third of the species were unaffected by smoke. For five of the species, Chloris ventricosa, Dichanthium sericeum, Panicum decompositum, Poa labillardieri and Stipa scabra subsp. falcata, this is the first report of a smoke-stimulated germination response. For those species with germination promoted by smoke, retention of the covering structures did not prevent smoke stimulation of germination. Sowing smoke-treated husked seeds is likely to be preferable as it would still promote greater germination, whereas dehusking seeds can result in the seeds being more susceptible to desiccation and fungal attack in the field. It is suggested that other grassland communities that respond to pyric conditions may also contain species that respond to smoke.

Parasitism of Grasshopper and Locust Eggs (Orthoptera: Acrididae) by Scelio Species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Southern Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Baker ◽  
RJ Dysart ◽  
RG Pigott
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Geographic Distributions

Surveys of Scelio spp., parasites of acridid eggs, were conducted in southern Australia during 1990-94. Parasitism of economically important grasshopper and locust species was frequently substantial confirming an important, albeit often localised, role by Scelio spp. in regulating host populations. Parasitism of Phaulacridium vittatum eggpods in tableland districts averaged 33.5% +/- s.d. 9.5 (range 27.4-47.1) and Chortoicetes terminifera throughout southern Australia averaged 19.8% +/- s.d. 24.6 (range 0-78.9). Scelio spp. were stenophagous and although some species parasitised several hosts, typically a principal host was readily identifiable. Scelio parvicornis was an exception in having two equally important hosts (P. vittatum and C. terminifera) and several subordinate alternative hosts (Oedaleus australis, Brachyexarna lobipennis and A. vulgaris). New hosts were recorded for S. fulgidus (Gastrimargus musicus), S. chortoicetes (Austroicetes vulgaris), S. parvicornis (Brachyexarna lobipennis, P. vittatum and A. vulgaris), S. flavicornis (C. terminifera), S. sp. nr flavicornis (Praxibulus insolens), S. ignobilis (Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus), S. bipartitus (C. terminifera) and S. orientalis (P. insolens). Significant new geographic distributions include S. parvicornis, S. fulgidus, S. sp. nr improcerus and S. flavicornis from Western Australia and S. orientalis and S. ignobilis from New South Wales. Undescribed species were reared from 29 pods of C. terminifera, P. vittatum, Macrotona australis and P. insolens.

SGS Animal Production Theme: effect of grazing system on animal productivity and sustainability across southern Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Graham ◽  
B. R. Cullen ◽  
G. M. Lodge ◽  
M. H. Andrew ◽  
B. P. Christy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
North East ◽  
South Wales

The effects of various grazing management systems on sown, naturalised, and native pastures were studied at 6 different locations in the temperate high rainfall zone (HRZ, >600 mm rainfall/year) of southern Australia, as part of the Sustainable Grazing Systems (SGS) Program. The treatments examined had different pasture species and fertiliser management, with grazing method ranging from set stocking (continuous grazing) to rotation with rests based on pre- and post-grazing herbage mass or season and plant phenology. Sites were located at: Albany, Western Australia; Manilla, Barraba, Nundle, New South Wales; (grazed by wethers); and Carcoar, New South Wales; Maindample, Ruffy, north-east Victoria; Vasey, western Victoria; (grazed by ewes and lambs).Grazing method significantly (P<0.001) influenced stocking rate (expressed as dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha), but effects were not consistent across sites. At Vasey the stocking rate of the rotation treatments ranged from 5 to 23% higher than the set stocked treatments depending upon year. For all sites, significant factors (P<0.001) affecting stocking rate were soil Olsen P, soil pH, grazing management (resting), legume percent, and an index of growing season effectiveness. Although total annual rainfall had a significant effect (P<0.002) in an initial analysis, its influence became non-significant (P>0.05), when a growing season index (P<0.001) was used. Non-significant (P>0.05) factors included solar radiation, annual average temperature, fertiliser applied in the current year, and average annual perennial and broadleaf percent composition. The implications of these data for productivity and sustainability (as assessed by perenniality and water use) were encouraging. Generally, there were positive relationships between increased stocking rate and the probability of achieving a zero mm soil water surplus in winter, and between increased productivity and the proportion of perennial grass species where extremes of treatments were compared at each site. The results indicate that stocking rate can be increased without jeopardising sustainability, that grazing management can bring about more sustainable pastures, that there is scope to increase productivity particularly through increasing soil fertility, and growing season length can be used to predict potential carrying capacity. These are positive outcomes that graziers in the HRZ of southern Australia can use to enhance productivity (thus profitability) and sustainability.

Studies on alfalfa mosaic virus and alfalfa aphids

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Garran ◽  
A Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Preference Tests

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), the only sap-transmissible virus detected in a limited survey of lucerne crops in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, is more common and widespread now than 10 years ago. Twenty-four of 35 lucerne crops and test plots we sampled were infected; from 25 % to over 55 % of plants were infected in plots and crops at Ginninderra, A.C.T. Seven of 10 commercial lucerne seed lots (eight of them imported directly from the U.S.A.) contained seedborne AMV, which infected from 0.4 to 1.9% of seedlings. The three lucerne aphids, the bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi), pea aphid (A. pisum) and the spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata), all transmitted AMV in the non-persistent manner. Feeding-preference tests indicate that spotted alfalfa aphids prefer to feed on AMV-infected Siriver lucerne than on healthy Siriver, but they do not discriminate between healthy and AMV-infected Hunter River lucerne. The implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Winter Cereal Viruses in New South Wales, Australia, 2006 to 2014

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Milgate ◽  
Dante Adorada ◽  
Grant Chambers ◽  
Mary Ann Terras
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Winter cereal viruses can cause significant crop losses; however, detailed knowledge of their occurrence in New South Wales, Australia is very limited. This paper reports on the occurrence of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV), and their serotypes between 2006 and 2014. Detection of WMoV is confirmed in eastern Australia for the first time. The BYDV and CYDV 2014 epidemic is examined in detail using 139 samples of wheat, barley, and oat surveyed from southern New South Wales. The presence of virus was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results reveal a high frequency of the serotype Barley yellow dwarf virus - MAV as a single infection present in 27% of samples relative to Barley yellow dwarf virus - PAV in 19% and CYDV in 14%. Clear differences emerged in the infection of different winter cereal species by serotypes of BYDV and CYDV. These results are contrasted to other Australian and international studies.

Effects of Rabbit and Kangaroo Grazing on Two Semi-Arid Grassland Communities in Central-Western New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Leigh ◽  
DH Wood ◽  
MD Holgate ◽  
A Slee ◽  
MG Stanger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Wide Range

The effects of rabbits and kangaroos, and rabbits alone, on the biomass and species composition of a native grassland dominated by Stipa nitida/nodosa, Danthonia caespitosa and Aristida contorta, and a grassland dominated by the exotic species Hordeum glaucum, Vulpia spp., Medicago laciniata and the native Erodium crinitum growing at Yathong Nature Reserve in central New South Wales was monitored between 1979 and 1985. Rabbits generally favoured the grassy component; kangaroos also favoured grasses but less so. Changes in non-grass species composition due to grazing was generally insignificant. Changes in species composition due to seasonal differences in rainfall was highly significant. No new species appeared on plots exclosed from grazing for 10 years, suggesting that the grazing by livestock, rabbits, and kangaroos in the past has determined the present species composition. The annual biomass consumption by rabbits averaged over 6 years was 100-200 kg ha-1, which is equivalent to reducing the carrying capacity by one sheep for every 2-4 ha rabbit-infested area. In the native grassland the spatial pattern of rabbit grazing, as indicated by faecal pellet distribution, biomass removal, and percentage of 'unpalatable' species in the pasture, shows greatest grazing pressure to be within 50 m of the warren, grazing intensity dropping off from there to 300 m the greatest distance studied. From the start of the study 'palatable' species, especially grasses, were at their lowest density within 50 m of the warren; this appeared to be a historical effect of grazing. No patterns were discernible in the pasture dominated by introduced species. Little change in species composition of these grasslands can be expected under a wide range of grazing pressure, except close to rabbit warrens.

Pasture Associations and Their Relation to Environment and Agronomy in the Goulburn District

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Robinson ◽  
DJ Munnich ◽  
PC Simpson ◽  
PW Orchard
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Species Association ◽  
South Wales

Pasture species form a variety of associations inn the cool temperate environment of the tablelands of New South Wales. Data from a survey of 65 paddocks on 34 farms in the Goulburn district of southern New South Wales were analysed using numerical classification methods to identify species associations. Of particular interest were the agronomic and environmental factors associated with the abundance of Danthonia spp. and Microlaena stipoides, which are persistent and useful native perennial grasses. The abundance of Danthonia spp. was negatively correlated with the abundance of exotic sown grasses (many species) and annual grass species (chiefly Vulpia spp.). M. stipoides abundance was similarly correlated with sown grass species, but had no correlation with annual grasses. It had a significant negative correlation with legume species abundance (chiefly Trifolium spp.). Sites with M. stipoides associations (n = 19 sites) had particular clearing and cultivation histories and low pH. Sites (n = 12) with a Danthonia spp. association also had particular clearing and cultivation histories, and occurred predominantly on soils derived from sedimentary parent material (11/12 sites). This association also had significantly higher annual average and total superphosphate usage. Probable mechanisms by which the concurrent environmental and agronomic factors may have determined the observed associations are discussed. It is concluded that the numerical classification system employed here revealed useful species association-site grouping units and contributed significantly to the interpretation of these data.

Relative drought tolerance of three grass species from the Northwestern slopes of New South Wales.

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Harradine ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
North Western

On the north-western slopes of New South Wales, native pastures are subjected to frequent and often severe moisture stress during the summer growing season (Daniel and Watt 1967) so the relative drought tolerances of the component species may be important in determining pasture composition. Survival of three common native species from this area, Aristida ramosa R.Br., Danthonia linkii Kunth and Dichanthium sericeum (R.Br.) A. Camus, when subjected to water stress was compared in a glasshouse pot trial. The use of cycles rather than a single water stress in drought resistance studies, to simulate field conditions more closely, has been emphasised by Gates (1974). This experiment was designed to determine the relative tolerance of the above three species to repeated, increasing periods of water stress in a limited volume of soil. Pots of different sizes were used to determine the effect of differences in the rate of development of water stress on plant survival.

Sugarcane mosaic virus. [Distribution map].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New South ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Sugarcane Mosaic Virus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Virus Distribution ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sugarcane mosaic virus Brandes. Hosts: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), maize (Zea mays), sorghum and other Poaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Madeira, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Burma, China, Fujian, Gunagdong, Sichuan, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Java, Irian Jaya, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia, Peninsular, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Fiji, Hawaii, Papua New Guinea, Europe, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Spain, Yugoslavia, North America, Mexico, USA, Central America & West Indies, Antigua, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Antilles, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St Kitts & Nevis, St Thomas, St Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document