Assessment of summer forage crops for sheep by the put-and-take grazing technique

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
DA Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

During three summers a sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense) and S. almum were grown at three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 84, or 168 kg N/ha) in a cool temperate environment at Armidale, N.S.W. A pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) was included in the experiment during one summer and Japanese millet (Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea) in two summers. Differences in dry matter production were non-significant except in one summer when Japanese millet produced almost twice as much as the sorghums. The forages were grazed by young sheep on the put-and-take method. Carrying capacity as judged by this technique was high on all crops except pearl millet but average daily gains were low, the performance on S. almum being generally the poorest. Total production (expressed as metabolizable energy intake) was significantly higher for S. almum than for the hybrid or pearl millet in the first year but there were no significant differences thereafter. Pre-sowing application of anhydrous ammonia did not increase the dry matter available at the first grazing and tended to depress animal performance. Liveweight gain per hectare was significantly reduced by nitrogen in one of the three summers. Residual soil nitrogen subsequently assessed by an oat crop was substantial on plots that had received ammonia. Crop performance measures were computed in various ways and differences between them are discussed. It is tentatively concluded that, of the four crops, Japanese millet has the most potential for use by sheep in this environment.

Milk-fed calves: 5. The effect of a change in milk intake upon the herbage intake and performance of grazing calves

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. P. Le Du ◽  
R. D. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reconstituted Milk

SummaryThe effect of the amount of milk consumed upon the herbage intake and performance of calves at pasture, following a standard rearing period, was investigated using 50 Hereford × Friesian calves purchased at 10–12 days ofage. All calves were offered 6 kg reconstituted milk substitute for a 58 day period indoors and for a subsequent 31 days at pasture. Ten calves were then allocated to each of five milk treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, 10 kg/day) and grazed for a further 63 days. The calves were offered a daily herbage allowance of 60 g dry matter/kg live weight.Daily weight gain was increased by 59 g for each additional kilogramme of reconstituted milk consumed, and herbage intake per unit live weight decreased by 1–24 g/g milk organic matter consumed, equivalent to a reduction in metabolizable energy intake of 9 kJ. Clear effects of both age and diet upon the consumption of herbage were demonstrated. An explanation of the mechanisms governing intake of herbage in milk–fed calves is offered.

INFLUENCE OF TEST PERIOD AND SEQUENCE OF YEARS ON RESULTS WITH PERENNIAL FORAGE CROPS IN A SEMIARID REGION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201
Author(s):  
M. R. KILCHER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seasonal Precipitation ◽  
Forage Crops

A perennial forage test comprising six different grasses, each in mixture with one alfalfa cultivar, was seeded adjacently in 1966, 1968 and 1970. Each test was identical in design and used the same seed lot. The three tests were each run for 9 consecutive yr, ending in 1975, 1977 and 1979, respectively. Measurements included annual and seasonal precipitation, progressive stand and component changes and dry matter (DM) yields from two to three cuts per year. Statistical analyses of the collected data were done for each test for varying periods of years during the respective 9-yr periods. Main conclusions were that particular blocks of years tended to give similar and comparable results provided that the number of sequential years exceeded five, and also, provided first-year data were excluded.

Effects of Planting Density on Water Use and Productivity of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum Typhoides) Grown on Stored Water. II. Water Use, Light Interception and Dry Matter Production

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Azam-Ali ◽  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
J. L. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wide Spacing ◽  
Neutron Probe ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Intercepted Radiation

SUMMARYPearl millet was grown on stored water at Niamey, Niger, using three row spacings. Water extraction based on neutron probe readings was compared with crop transpiration using a porometer and allied measurements. Between 23 and 52 days after sowing, plants at the narrow and medium spacings used about 77 and 100 mm of water, respectively, and those at the wide spacing used between 59 and 75 mm. Estimates of seasonal crop evaporation from leaf resistances and from the green leaf area index (GLAI) of the crops were 103, 130 and 123 mm for the narrow, medium and wide spacings, respectively. The water use per unit of dry weight produced was similar for both narrow and medium spacings but water was used more efficiently in the wide spacing. Dry weight increased in proportion to intercepted radiation with the same efficiency (1·3 g MJ−1) irrespective of spacing.

Fattening systems for sheep in western Victoria. 1. The influence of hay quality and of proportion of oats in the ration on the performance of Corriedale wethers

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
DS Gillespie ◽  
JW McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Western Victoria

An experiment at Hamilton in western Victoria from June to October 1972 examined the feasibility of fattening two-year-old Corriedale wethers from 30 to 50 kg liveweight when fed simple rations in feedlots. Using a factorial design, treatments compared were mid-season or late cut pasture hay offered ad libitum and oat grain fed at 0, 0.25, 0.50 kg head-1 day-1 or ad libitum. Two additional groups were set stocked on green pasture; one of them was offered oat grain ad libitum. Performance of sheep in the feedlot (intake, liveweight and carcase gain, feed conversion and wool production) was influenced by hay type and level of oat feeding. Liveweight gain over the period of feeding increased linearly until oats comprised about 50 per cent of the daily dry matter intake, but the highest liveweight gain in the feedlot (127 g day-1) occurred when sheep were given a ration consisting of 25 per cent mid-season hay and 75 per cent oats. Sheep on pasture gained at an average of 146 g day-1. Irrespective of composition of the ration, liveweight gain increased by 20 g day1, carcase weight by 15 g day-1 and wool by 1.7 g day -1 for each additional MJ of metabolizable energy intake.

Dry matter production from irrigated winter forage crops in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Michalk ◽  
PA Witschi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Consequent Reduction

Between 1962 and 1964, 4 experiments were conducted at Leeton, New South Wales, Australia to examine the potential productivity of a range of irrigated winter forage crops in providing useful feed during the period of shortage in late autumn and early winter. In addition, the effects of sowing rate were examined for sowings using (a) prepared seedbeds or (b) sod-seeding into existing subterranean clover/Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera pastures. DM yields at 74, 109, 144 or 173 days from sowing were compared with a subterranean clover/ryegrass control. Of the spp. evaluated the cereals were the most consistent both for initial production and subsequent regrowth. For the cruciferous spp. early cutting (100 days after sowing) proved detrimental to subsequent production, reducing the contribution of the sown spp. to 3% DM. Although the low proportion of the leguminous forages limited their potential production, they increased pasture quality relative to the clover/ryegrass control. DM production of wheat and rape increased with increasing sowing rate on (a) but for turnips there was a yield decline with increased sowing rate. Oats showed no response to sowing rate on (a), but increasing the sowing rate on (b) plots increased the proportion of oats in the pasture, although there was a consequent reduction in total yield. Increases in the contribution made by wheat to total yield as a result of increased sowing on (b) plots were small.

A relation between wool production per animal and annual pasture dry matter production per animal

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Curvilinear Relation

A simple relation between the annual wool production per animal (y) and the amount of pasture dry matter produced per animal (x) was derived and tested using the results from a grazing experiment in which the effects of superphosphate and stocking rate on wool and pasture dry matter production were measured from pastures which were continuously grazed by Merino wethers for 3 years. The linear relation, y = a + b/x, accounted for 63% of the variance in wool production per animal in the first year, 82 % in the second and 97 % in the third. Exclusion of an outlier from the first year results increased the variance accounted for to 85 %. This model is simpler and more precise than some others that have been published. It is also consistent with the curvilinear relation between production per animal (y) and pasture production per animal (x).

Preliminary comparisons of several annual Trifolium species on Kangaroo Island, South Australia

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Beale ◽  
EJ Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Clover Scorch

The growth and persistence of a number of accessions of seven species of Trifolium were measured. For the first three years the plots were grazed only to remove excess herbage after sampling. For the following three years they were grazed continuously under commercial conditions. In ungrazed swards the annual dry matter production of accessions of T. cherleri, T. globosum, and T. purpureurn was similar to T. subterraneum cultivars Yarloop and Woogenellup. T. cherleri, T. globosum, and Woogenellup made the bulk of their growth during the spring whereas T. purpureum and Yarloop produced half of their total dry matter during the winter. Good plant densities of T. argutum, T. cherleri, T. purpureum, and T. subterraneum were present at the end of three years continuous grazing, but Woogenellup and all other species were markedly inferior to Yarloop in their contribution to total production at the end of this period. Yarloop and T. purpureum were found to be very susceptible to clover scorch (Kabatiella caulivora) ; Woogenellup was moderately susceptible and the other species were unaffected in the field. All test species had low levels of formononetin in their leaves.

scholarly journals CASE STUDY INFORMATION REFLECTING FARMER USE OF PAWERA RED CLOVER IN NORTHERN NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Ussher
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Very High

Low summer production in Northern Northland can be largely overcome by the use of 'Grasslands Pawera' red clover. Daily dry matter production of 100+ kg/ha/day over the penod late October to early March, have been recorded over two years. Yearly production of 22,OOOkg DM/ha in the first year, and 17,500 to 21,000 in the second year, have been recorded from pure stands of Pawera. This growth is of very high quality occurring at a tlmc when growth and quality of existing Rye or Kikuyu based pastures, are low. Potential problems from the use of Pawera are discussed. Keywords: Pawera red clover, quality, Northland, problems.

A study of the effect of supplementing a concentrate diet with roughages of different quality on the performance of Friesian steers. I. Voluntary food intake and food utilization

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

SUMMARYConcentrate diets supplemented with 5, 20 and 40% of a high- and a low-quality hay were given ad libitum to British Friesian steers from 9 weeks of age to slaughter. The intake of dry matter and metabolizable energy was studied over weight ranges from 91 to 363 kg live weight. The quality of hay did not significantly affect the drymatter intake at any of the weight ranges studied. From 91 to 182 kg live weight the daily dry-matter intake decreased as the proportion of hay in the diet increased. Over the weight range from 182 to 272 kg live weight, intake was maximum at the 20% level of hay supplementation, while from 272 to 363 kg live weight, intake increased with increasing levels of hay in the diet. The supplementation of high-quality hay significantly increased the intake of metabolizable energy by animals weighing 91–182 kg. Increasing proportions of hay in the diet significantly affected the metabolizable energy intake at all stages of growth studied.At 18 and 36 weeks of age digestibility and N balance studies were carried out. The metabolizable energy expressed as a percentage of the gross energy and the mean retention time of the diets were significantly affected by the age of animal, quality of the hay and the level of hay supplementation. Nitrogen retention was also affected by the age of the animal but not by the quality of the hay.The relationships between the voluntary intake of dry matter and the metabolizable energy of the diet expressed as a percentage of the gross energy, for different stages of growth, are also presented.The change in the digestibility and the mean time of retention of the diets in the digestive tract with age and the effect of this on the point where physical regulation to intake gives way to physiological regulation are discussed.

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