Comparison of plasma phyto-oestrogen levels in sheep and cattle after feeding on fresh clover

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWH Braden ◽  
RI Thain ◽  
DA Shutt
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Biochanin A

Wethers and heifers were fed on freshly cut pasture (red clover, Mt. Barker or Tallarook subterranean clover, or ryegrass) and the blood plasma concentration of the phyto-oestrogens and their metabolites estimated 5 hr, 24 hr, and 6 days after the beginning of the feeding. The heifers were allowed to graze the pastures after the first day. On the basis of increase in teat length in the wethers, red clover and Tallarook were estimated to have equivalent oestrogenicity ; Mt. Barker was much less active. Qualitatively, the metabolism of formononetin and biochanin A appeared similar in the two species, but there was evidence that the rates of metabolism and of conjugation were faster in cattle than in sheep. The findings are discussed in relation to an infertility syndrome in dairy cattle.

Quantitative aspects of phytooestrogen metabolism in sheep fed on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cultivar clare) or red clover (Trifolium pratense)

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Shutt ◽  
RH Weston ◽  
JP Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Free Form ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Studies have been made of the digestion and metabolism in Merino wethers of the isoflavones in subterranean clover (Trtfolium subterraneurn cv. Clare) and red clover (T. pratense). The dietary intake of isoflavones with both clovers was about 9 g per day. With the subterranean clover, the isoflavones were predominantly genistein and biochanin A, and slight teat length increases in the wethers ingesting this clover indicated a low level of oestrogenicity. With the red clover formononetin represented 60% of the isoflavone present and the wethers on this diet exhibited maximal teat length increases indicating a high level of oestrogenicity. Less than 1 % of the daily intake of the isoflavones was excreted as such in the faeces and urine; hence most of these compounds were metabolized or retained in the sheep. The dietary isoflavones were found to disappear rapidly from the rumen, and it was estimated by using marker techniques that the removal of these compounds from the stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum) was virtually complete. Equol (7,4'-dihydroxyisoflavan), a metabolite of formononetin, was the predominant phyto-oestrogen in the digesta and excreta when red clover was given. The excretion of 3.9 g/day of this compound, mainly in urine, was equivalent to 70% of the intake of formononetin. It was calculated that about 86% of the equol produced in the rumen was absorbed from that organ; the mean residence time for equol in the rumen was estimated to be 1.7 hr. The isoflavones were present in blood plasma mainly in conjugated forms. Equol predominated with both clovers. The levels of equol were much lower with the subterranean clover than with the red clover diet; the concentrations of the conjugated form were respectively 13 and 300-440 �g/100 ml. Equol in the free form, although not detectable with the subterranean clover, was present at 4-10 �g/100 ml with red clover. The data were considered to be consistent with the conclusion that equol accounts for most of the phyto-oestrogenic activity in sheep fed on clovers containing high levels of formononetin.

Free and conjugated isoflavones in the plasma of sheep following ingestion of oestrogenic clover

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Shutt ◽  
A Axelsen ◽  
HR Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Sheep Grazing

The plasma of sheep grazing various species of oestrogenic clover contained water-soluble conjugates of daidzein, formononetin, genistein, and biochanin A, chiefly in the form of glucuronides, in concentrations up to 40 µg/100 ml. In sheep pen-fed on red clover or subterranean clover (cv. Dinninup and Yarloop) the total concentration of these four isoflavones 3–5 hr after feeding ranged from 150 to 720 µg/100 ml plasma, of which 1–2% only was present in "free" (i.e. unconjugated) form; by 24 hr the plasma level had fallen to < 5 µg/100 ml plasma. Preconditioning the pen-fed sheep to oestrogenic clover, or adding lucerne to the diet, had no significant effect on the concentration of "free" or conjugated isoflavones in the plasma and had no inhibitory effect on the uterine weight response. Comparison of the composition of circulating isoflavones to that of the clover ingested indicated partial demethylation of formononetin to daidzein and of biochanin A to genistein, and suggested that genistein and biochanin A were degraded more rapidly than formononetin or daidzein in the sheep. Equol, a metabolite previously isolated from the urine of sheep treated with formononetin, was present in the plasma at a concentration of 50–170 µg/100 ml 24 hr after feeding.

scholarly journals Oestrogenic Isoflavone Content in Natural Strains of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) from Sardinia

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Tava ◽  
Luciano Pecetti ◽  
Alessia Bertoli ◽  
Efisio Piano
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Natural Strains

A collection of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) genotypes from Sardinia was evaluated for the content of oestrogenic isoflavones to assess differences in total and individual compounds. Daidzein, genistein, and their respective 4′-methoxy derivatives biochanin A and formononetin, were detected in leaves and quantified by GC/FID and GC/MS methods. A large variation among genotypes for individual compounds and for the total isoflavone concentration was observed. Total isoflavones were measured in the range 0.8-13.4 mg/g fresh weight (0.3-4.5% dry matter). Daidzein was usually present in lower amount compared to the other isoflavones. Genistein and biochanin A were found in most cases in higher concentration than formononetin. Phyto-oestrogens have been shown to have both oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic properties, and their effects entail a positive role for the human health. T. subterraneum revealed the presence of higher concentration of isoflavones compared to other sources of these compounds, e.g. soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). This study provided information on the biodiversity of the natural strains from Sardinia, emphasizing the importance of these genetic resources for their variation in the amount of total and individual isoflavones.

The acylated isoflavone glycosides from subterranean clover and red clover

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Beck ◽  
JR Knox
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Structural Assignment ◽  
Derivatives Of

Formononetin and biochanin A 7-O-glucosides (1a and 2a) and their malonate hemi-ester derivatives (1b and 2b) have been isolated from red clover and from the Yarloop strain of subterranean clover. Structure (2b) is a correction of an earlier structural assignment to this compound. Small amounts of the derived methyl esters (1c and 2c) are also present in both clovers. Similar derivatives of genistein have been obtained from the Yarloop strain, although only the 7-O-glucoside (3a) has been isolated in pure form. Studies on red clover and on nine strains of subterranean clover have demonstrated in all cases that the acidic malonate esters account for the predominant proportion of the glycosides.

Study of the fate of phyto-oestrogens in the sheep by determination of isoflavones and coumestrol in the plasma and adipose tissue

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Uterine Growth

A method is presented for the specific determination in plasma or adipose tissue of sheep of the phyto-oestrogens genistein (G), biochanin A (BA), formononetin (F), daidzein (D), pratensein, and coumestrol. The method is based on selective extraction, paper chromatography, spectrophotometry and fluorometry, and use of radioactive recovery standards. A modification including gas chromatography is also described. Intraruminal administration to sheep of the synthetic isoflavones G, BA, or F gave rise within 2½ hr to detectable blood levels of the compound infused. In addition, intraruminal administration of BA and F was followed by the appearance of G and D, respectively, in blood and fat depots. Such O-demethylation at the C4 position was also observed after intramuscular injection of BA or F, and in sheep grazing subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and red clover (T. pratense). Plasma levels of free G above 5 µg/100 ml (excluding circulating isoflavone conjugated as glucuronide) were associated with maximal uterine growth response in ovariectomized ewes, while levels of 1–5 µg/100 ml appeared to elicit a graded uterine response; free plasma F and D levels above 0.5 �g/100 ml seem to be required for detectable uterotrophic action in the 5-day assay used. G, BA, F, and D were present in the plasma of sheep grazing subterranean clover var. Yarloop in concentrations adequate to explain the observed uterine growth response, but in sheep grazing red clover, the plasma levels seemed too low to account fully for the oestrogenic action of this pasture. No free isoflavones were detected in plasma from sheep grazing subterranean clover var. Marrar, despite the high isoflavone content of the pasture.

Variability of in vitro ruminal fermentation and methanogenic potential in the pasture legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidhyut Kumar Banik ◽  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
William Erskine ◽  
Phillip Nichols ◽  
Kioumars Ghamkhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Pasture Legume

Biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) is an important annual pasture legume for the wheatbelt of southern Australia and has been found to have lower levels of methane output than other pasture legumes when fermented by rumen microbes. Thirty accessions of the biserrula core germplasm collection were grown in the glasshouse to examine intra-specific variability in in vitro rumen fermentation, including methane output. One biserrula cultivar (Casbah) was also grown at two field locations to confirm that low methanogenic potential was present in field-grown samples. All of the biserrula accessions had significantly reduced methane [range 0.5–8.4 mL/g dry matter (DM)] output compared with subterranean clover (28.4 mL/g DM) and red clover (36.1 mL/g DM). There was also significant variation in fermentability profiles (except for volatile fatty acids) among accessions of the core collection. Methanogenic potential exhibited 86% broad-sense heritability within the biserrula core collection. The anti-methanogenic and gas-suppressing effect of biserrula was also confirmed in samples grown in the field. In conclusion, biserrula showed variability in in vitro fermentation traits including reduced methane production compared with controls. This bioactivity of biserrula also persists in the field, indicating scope for further selection of biserrula as an elite methane-mitigating pasture.

scholarly journals Variety, time of harvest and conditions during growing season have impact on red clover isoflavone content

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Arja Mustonen ◽  
Mikko Tuori ◽  
Päivi Kurki ◽  
Mika Isolahti ◽  
Juhani Taponen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biochanin A ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the predominant legume used in northern European agriculture. Official red clover variety trials are conducted by Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) to determine the value of field crop varieties. The trials used for the current analysis were conducted in Luke units in southern Finland (Mikkeli) and northern Finland (Ruukki) in two consecutive years. Plant samples for isoflavone analyses were collected from four varieties grown as four replicates and harvested twice during both growing seasons. The four main isoflavones biochanin A, genistein, daidzein and formononetin were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography. Total phytoestrogen content in the varieties varied in the range of 11.2−14.8 mg g-1 dry matter (DM). The variety and the time of harvest had most effect on the isoflavone, especially formononetin, contents of red clover. A more northern growing area and challenging weather conditions were associated with increased isoflavone concentrations.

scholarly journals Pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country

2013 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
K.N. Tozer ◽  
G.B. Douglas ◽  
C.A. Cameron ◽  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
R.A. Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
One Year ◽  
North And South

To determine the best method of pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country (>20o slope), four treatments were compared in one year on north and south aspects at four sites with contrasting climates and soil types. Sites were located in Waikato (1), Hawke's Bay (2) and Canterbury (1). The treatments included seed mix (grasses, legumes and herbs (GLH); legumes only (LEG)) and sowing time (spring; autumn). Six weeks after sowing, seedling establishment, as a percentage of viable seeds sown, was: i) greater on south than north aspects for perennial ryegrass (31% vs 18%) and birdsfoot trefoil (5% vs 4%); ii) greater for total sown species (14% vs 8%), subterranean clover (7% vs 4%) and red clover (25% vs 14%) in the GLH than LEG mix, but greater for white clover in the LEG than GLH mix (17% vs 8%); iii) greater in autumn than spring for perennial ryegrass (36% vs 13%) and total sown grasses (22% vs 9%) but greater in spring than autumn for lotus (6% vs 3%). Plantain established well in spring in summer-wet environments, while in summer-dry environments establishment was greater in autumn. Broadcasting seed on south aspects during autumn is likely to result in the highest establishment of sown grasses and legumes, but not necessarily of herbs. The trials were conducted in an unusually wet season. Repeating a subset of the treatments at these sites will provide a greater understanding of responses to climatic variation. Keywords: pasture renewal; pasture establishment; pasture mixtures; oversowing.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF ENROFLOXACIN IN THE PHASE SPACE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Miroslav Vasilev ◽  
Galya Shivacheva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Second Order Differential Equations

Phase space is an approach for analysis of nonlinear differential equations. The graphical solutions that are obtained are convenient for qualitative assessment of the behavior of systems and processes. A comparative analysis of the pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic enrofloxacin administered intravenously in dogs and cats has been performed in the present study. The mathematical models that represent the change in blood plasma concentration of the two groups of animals are described by second-order differential equations. For the graphical representation of phase trajectories using the fluoroquinolone, the Mathcad program tools are used. The properties of the peculiar points are determined based on the received images.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document