Resistance by cattle to cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. III. The development of resistance to experimental infestations by purebred Sahiwal and Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cattle

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hewetson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Males And Females

Purebred Sahiwal cattle acquired resistance to Boophilus microplus in a similar manner to crossbred Sahiwal cattle as previously reported. The purebred entire males and females were more resistant than a control group of crossbred steers because they dropped significantly fewer replete ticks than the crossbreds at the third and fourth, but not at the first and second infestations. Adult female ticks dropped by purebred animals were significantly lighter than those dropped by crossbred animals at the fourth infestation only. There was no significant difference in the numbers of eggs laid and hatched from ticks dropped by purebred and crossbred animals. Australian Illawarra Shorthorn steers developed resistance at a second and third infestation which waned at a fourth infestation, but individual steers displayed developing resistance throughout the four infestations. Day of modal drop of replete female ticks appeared to be affected by breed, and developing resistance or season.

Resistance of cattle to cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. I. The development of resistance to experimental infestation

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Hewetson ◽  
JV Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Experimental Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus Ticks

The development of a resistance by cattle to artificial infestations with Boophilus microplus ticks is reported and the sequence of development discussed. There was a regression of adult female ticks becoming replete with infestation (regression y = 2399.41 – 574x ± 54) up to the fourth infestation. The weight of replete female ticks dropped from resistant cattle increased with infestation but this effect is confounded with the effects of climate. The day of modal drop of replete females increased with infestation, which indicated an effect of resistance on modal drop. Egg-laying was not affected by a developing resistance, but the fertility of eggs from female egg-laying ticks was. There was an increase in fertility of eggs laid after the second infestation.

Domestic dogs as hosts of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
HMD Hoyte
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Cattle Tick

Larval B. microplus were placed on 36 domestic dogs, about half of which were adults and half were puppies. Ticks matured on the adults only. The yield of adult female ticks was very low and variable (average for all dogs, 0.01%); more time was needed to mature than on cattle, and size and egg production were reduced. Most of the resulting larvae matured successfully when placed on cattle. No ticks matured on the small number of young foxes and dingoes which were tested. It is suggested that the unconsidered presence of dogs represents some risk to the success of campaigns to eradicate this tick.

Efficacy of gefitinib combined with bevacizumab versus gefitinib in advanced EGFR L858R NSCLC.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21185-e21185
Author(s):  
Xinmin Zhao ◽  
Xianghua Wu ◽  
Huijie Wang ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Si Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Egfr Tkis

e21185 Background: 60-80% of EGFR+ NSCLC could benefit from the treatment of EGFR TKIs. However, as a result of acquired resistance, median progression-free survival (PFS) associated with EGFR-TKIs monotherapy was rarely longer than 11 months. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) play an important role in the angiogenesis and progression of NSCLC. The combination of EGFR-TKIs and anti-vascular drugs that inhibit the EGFR and VEGF/VEGFR pathways may be a potential therapeutic option for EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether gefitinib combined with bevacizumab is associated with an increased PFS benefit compared with gefitinib alone. Methods: This study is a randomized, open-controlled, single-center study. A total of 43 advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients with EGFR L858R mutations were enrolled, including 24 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group. The experimental group received gefitinib combined with bevacizumab (gefitinib 250 mg, QD+bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg, Q3W), and the control group received gefitinib monotherapy (250 mg, QD). Response to treatment was evaluated after one month of the treatment, followed by once every two months, and adverse events were graded. The primary endpoint was PFS, and secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DOR), overall survival (OS), and safety and tolerability evaluation. Samples at baseline (tissue or liquid biopsy), 43 days after treatment (liquid biopsy), and disease progression were subjected to genomic (139-gene NGS panel) profiling. Results: As of December 31, 2020, 22 patients were evaluable (12 for experimental group, 10 for control group). The ORR of the experimental group and the control group were 42% vs 60%, respectively, with no significant difference (experimental group: CR = 0, PR = 5, SD = 7, PD = 0; control group: CR = 0, PR = 6, SD = 4, PD = 0). Main adverse reactions included skin rash (n = 16), diarrhea (n = 24), hypertension (n = 2), proteinuria (n = 1). Other special cases developed fever, nausea and vomiting, elevated platelets, conjunctivitis, back pain, which were manageable. 36 patients with baseline liquid biopsy samples can be evaluated (33 plasma and 3 pleural fluid samples). Of these, EGFR L858R were detectable in 86% (n = 31) of patients. The most common co-mutated gene was TP53 (57%), followed by DNMT3A (49%) and TET2 (17%). Mutation profiles were comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: Compared to gefitinib monotherapy, gefitinib combined with bevacizumab in the treatment of non-squamous NSCLC with EGFR L858R showed similar efficacy and safety profiles.

scholarly journals Applicability of auriculotherapy in reducing stress and as a coping strategy in nursing professionals

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonice Fumiko Sato Kurebayashi ◽  
Juliana Rizzo Gnatta ◽  
Talita Pavarini Borges ◽  
Maria Júlia Paes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Needle Control ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Reducing Stress

AIMS: randomized clinical trial aimed at evaluating the auriculotherapy in reducing stress levels in 75 nursing professionals and analyze the coping domains that have changed after treatment. METHODOLOGY: volunteers were divided into 3 groups (Control, Needles and Seeds) and received eight sessions at Shenmen, Kidney and Brainstem points. The Control Group didn't receive any intervention. RESULTS: ANOVA test showed statistical differences in stress levels for Needle/Control Groups in the third and fourth assessments, according to Stress Symptoms List when compared the three groups in four assessments. For the Inventory of Folkman/Lazarus, a significant difference was obtained for Spacing domain between needle/control. In analysis within the same group, differences were found for Confrontation in fourth assessment between Needle/Control Groups and for Social Support in the third one between Seeds/Control Groups. CONCLUSION: The auriculotherapy decreased stress levels, changed Coping domains after treatment, suggesting that both Auriculotherapy with needles and seeds can produce positive impact to improve strategy Coping in the nursing team. However, more studies are needed to conceive the extent of the technique.

scholarly journals Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando de Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Edméia de Paula e Souza Freitas ◽  
Anna Carolina da Costa ◽  
Ionizete Garcia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of a crude ethanol extract (CEE) of soapberry Sapindus saponaria stem peel on the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Tick larvae obtained by incubating engorged females, collected from naturally infested cattle, were placed in envelopes of filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CEE in the test group, and distilled water in the control group. Four repetitions were made with each solution (n>120). Mortality was observed after 48 hours. Lethal concentration values of 1,258 ppm (LC50) and 6,360 ppm (LC99) were obtained.

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: expression and characterization of Bm86-CG in Pichia pastoris

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Casquero Cunha ◽  
Renato Andreotti ◽  
Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Antibody Titers

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is responsible for great economic losses. It is mainly controlled chemically, with limitations regarding development of resistance to the chemicals. Vaccines may help control this parasite, thereby reducing tick pesticide use. In this light, we performed subcloning of the gene of the protein Bm86-GC, the homologue protein that currently forms the basis of vaccines (GavacTM and TickGardPLUS) that have been developed against cattle ticks. The subcloning was done in the pPIC9 expression vector, for transformation in the yeast Pichia pastoris. This protein was characterized by expression of the recombinant Mut+ strain, which expressed greater quantities of protein. The expressed protein (rBm86-CG) was recognized in the Western-blot assay using anti-Gavac, anti-TickGard, anti-larval extract and anti-rBm86-CG polyclonal sera. The serum produced in cattle vaccinated with the antigen CG rBm86 presented high antibody titers and recognized the native protein. The rBm86-GC has potential relevance as an immunogen for vaccine formulation against cattle ticks.

Meat production from pigs which have farrowed. 2. Carcass characteristics

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Brooks ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
W. J. N. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYThe carcass characteristics of young adult female pigs (gilts) slaughtered after weaning their first litters have been investigated using three groups of 19 Landrace × (Landrace×Large White) gilts. In two treatment groups gilts were mated at their pubertal oestrus and suckled their piglets for 5 to 11 and 35 to 42 days respectively. These gilts were slaughtered on average 10 days after weaning. A third control group consisted of unmated gilts slaughtered at 118 kg live weight.There was no significant difference in the killing-out percentage for the three groups. The carcasses of the gilts which farrowed contained significantly less fat (P<0·001) than those of the unmated controls. The carcasses of the farrowed gilts had significantly lighter middle sections (P<0·001) and significantly heavier shoulders (P<0·001) than the controls.Despite the variations in tissue yield and distribution, the yield of prime joints for the gilts which had farrowed was only 0·62 percentage units less than that of the controls.No commercially significant variations between groups in meat quality were observed.

NEDD4-1 Modulates the Resistance of Multiple Myeloma to Bortezomib

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2068-2068
Author(s):  
Xi Huang ◽  
Enfan Zhang ◽  
Xing Guo ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xuanru Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Gene Array ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is among the most common hematologic malignancies. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Bor) is one of the most effective drugs for treatment of MM. However, during long-term Bor treatment, MM cells may eventually develop acquired-resistance to Bor which results in recurrence and a poor prognosis of MM. Several researches show that E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) primarily determine the substrate specificity of ubiquitin proteasome system and play an essential role in Bor resistance of MM. NEDD4-1 E3s, a founding member of the Neural precursor cell-Expressed Developmentally Downregulated gene 4 (NEDD4) family, was proved to involve in the proliferation, migration, invasion of cancer cells and the sensitivity of anticancer therapies. Our current study aims to explore the role and underlying mechanism of NEDD4-1 in acquired resistance of Bor in MM. Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of NEDD4-1 and its substrates in MM cell lines (H929, LP-1, RPMI8226, OPM-2 and ARP-1) and MM patients were detected by Quantitative Realtime PCR and Western Blotting. Lentiviral plasmids containing shRNA against NEDD4-1 were transfected into MM cells. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells were measured by Cell Counting kit8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry. Gene array was used to compare the gene expression profiles of a panel of Bor treated MM cells vs vehicle-treated MM cells. Results: Gene array showed NEDD4-1 was significantly increased in MM cells treated with Bor. MM cells (CD138+ plasma cells of the bone marrow) from refractory/recurrence patients expressed lower NEDD4-1 than primary patient myeloma cells. Also, MM cell lines H929, ARP-1, LP-1 highly expressed NEDD4-1 at mRNA and protein levels. RPMI8226 and OPM-2 were relatively low expressed. Cell growth assay displayed no significant difference in proliferation between the NEDD4-1 knockdown (KD) and the control group (P>0.05). After suppression of NEDD4-1 using shRNAs, the killing effect of Bor in MM was significantly weaker than the control group (P<0.05). We also found that PTEN was decreased in the NEDD4-1 KD H929 cell line. Otherwise, phospho-STAT3 (ser727) and oncoprotein c-Myc and Bcl-2 were upregulated. Conclusion: Collectively, our study reveals that inhibition of NEDD4-1 can reduce MM sensitivity to Bor via regulating PTEN, c-Myc and Bcl-2, may be related to JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which suggests that NEDD4-1 probably acts as a novel drug target and therapeutic paradigm in the battle against multiple myeloma. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Length of life, fecundity and the oviposition cycle in Anthrenus verbasci (L.) (Col., Dermestidae) as affected by adult diet

1961 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Adult Diet ◽  
Low Rate

A study has been made of the length of life, fecundity, oviposition and the effects upon them of adult nutrition in the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci (L.).The length of the inactive (unmated) life for males and females at 20°C. and 70 per cent. R.H. was 7·5 and 7·7 days, respectively. This period, which is spent in the moulted last larval skin, decreased with rise in temperature, from a mean of 32·4 days at 10°C. to 3·8 days at 25°C. Humidity differences had relatively little effect.The effects of various diets on the length of life, oviposition cycle and fecundity of active adults were observed. The experimental diets were water, water with pollen, water with albumen, sugar solution, sugar solution with pollen, sugar solution with albumen, and the control group in which the beetles were deprived of food and water. The sugar solution was a mixture of equal parts of glucose, sucrose and fructose in water.There were no differences in length of life between male and female beetles (males 18·2–20·9 days, females 22·1–26·1 days) given water, water with pollen, water with albumen and those deprived of food and water. But there was an increase for both sexes when the beetles were given sugar solution, and a further increase, to a mean of 58·3 days for males and 69·5 for females at 20°C. and 70–90 per cent. R.H., when albumen was added to the sugar solution. However, although sugar solution with pollen increases still further the length of life of the males, that of the females was no different from what it was on sugar solution alone.The preoviposition period ranged from 3–14 days with a mode about the fourth day.The oviposition cycle consisted of three clearly denned peaks of oviposition on about the 6th, 12th and 17th days. There was a similar pattern in all the groups except that those given sugar solution continued to lay, at a low rate, after the end of the third peak.The fecundity of beetles deprived of food and water was 50·3 eggs; for beetles given water, water with albumen and water with pollen there was a significant decrease; for beetles given sugar solution there was an increase which became significant when pollen or albumen were given in addition to the sugar. Maximum fecundity occurred on a diet of sugar solution with albumen.There was significant correlation between length of life and weight on emergence for males given water, water with pollen, or water with albumen, and for females given water with pollen or water with albumen. There was significant correlation between fecundity and emergence weight for females deprived of food and water, given water alone and water with pollen.

scholarly journals Investigation of sub-acute levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the filtration rate of Mytilaster lineatus and Dressina polymorpha in the short term

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
AMIR QADERMARZI ◽  
MOJTABA POULADI ◽  
ALI REZAMAND ◽  
SEYED HOSSEIN HOSEINIFAR ◽  
ALI AKBAR HEDAYATI
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mytilaster Lineatus

Qadermarzi A, Pouladi M, Rezamand A, Hoseinifar SH, Hedayati AA. 2018. Investigation of sub-acute levels of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the filtration rate of Mytilaster lineatus and Dressina polymorpha in the short term. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 53-57. The filtration rate is one of the physiological indices in the bivalves which indicate the degree of efficacy of the filtration function in the exposure to contaminants. In this study, changes in the filtration rate of freshwater bivalves (D. polymorpha and M. lineatus) were investigated after exposure periods of 5 and 10 days with nanoparticles. Bivalves were transferred from the natural environment to the laboratory. The distribution of nanoparticles was measured by differential light scattering (DLS). Bivalves were exposed to 2.5, 25 and 50 ppm nanoparticles for ten days in water reservoirs. The filtration rates were significantly different in the treatments compared to the control samples, with the highest filtration rate was observed in the control group. On the fifth day, the highest filtration rate was obtained in the first treatment of M. lineatus and the lowest filtration rate was obtained in the third treatment of D. polymorphia. The highest filtration rates were observed in the first and second treatments and the lowest filtration rate was observed in the third treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in the filtration rate of M. lineatus in the 1st treatment with control (P> 0.05) on the 5th day, but filtration rate was significantly (P <0.05) less than other concentrations and control group in the third treatment. On the other hand, the filtration rates on the 10th day showed similar differences compared to the 5th day. It could be concluded that the changes infiltration rate are an appropriate indicator for the measurement of contamination in nanoparticles.

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