Early-flowering mutants of Medicago ploymorpha var. Polymorpha

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Brock ◽  
WD Andrew ◽  
R Kirchner ◽  
EJ Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Time Selection

Treatment of dry seeds of Medicago polymorpha L. var. polynzovpha with 20 krad gamma rays resulted in a large increase in variation for flowering time. Selection among spaced plants in the M2 and M3 generations, primarily for early flowering and secondarily for plant vigour and fertility, resulted in the isolation of mutant lines which flowered from 2 to 3 weeks earlier than the unirradiated controls and which were comparable in vigour with the unirradiated controls. This method of generating variability for plant improvement programmes proved to be simple, relatively quick, and economical (c. 1000 plants x 4 generations). It is recommended for more extensive use with self-fertilizing annual species where the primary selection criteria are clear cut and simply measured.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Studies in M5 Generations of Determinate Early Maturing Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] (MDU-1) Mutants for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Suresh ◽  
M. Ananthan ◽  
C. Vanniarajan ◽  
P. Balasubramanian ◽  
T. Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Bean Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Different Doses

Background: MDU-1 is a high yielding, indeterminate cluster bean variety. In order to develop determinate mutant with high yield, MDU-1 cluster bean variety was irradiated using gamma rays, electron beam and combination of gamma rays and EMS with different doses and the variability induced in M5 generations were studied. Methods: Twenty one best individual plants from M4 generation were selected based on plant height and higher yield and forwarded to M5 generation where they were evaluated in RBD with three replications. Fourteen non-segregating mutant lines with desirable traits were identified in M5 generation and were evaluated for variability along with the parent MDU1. Result: Five best mutant lines namely ACMC-020-04, ACMC-020-11, ACMC-020-08, ACMC-020-10 and ACMC-020-11 were selected from the 14 accessions based on per se performance and variability analysis. The selected mutants needs to be forwarded for stability testing in different environments.

scholarly journals Selection criteria for high-yielding and early-flowering bread wheat hybrids under heat stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0236351
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al-Ashkar ◽  
Majed Alotaibi ◽  
Yahya Refay ◽  
Abdelhalim Ghazy ◽  
Adel Zakri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

Clonal selection in a globe artichoke landrace: characterization of superior germplasm to improve cultivation in Mediterranean environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. MAURO ◽  
E. PORTIS ◽  
S. LANTERI ◽  
A. LO MONACO ◽  
G. MAUROMICALE
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
Highly Correlated

SUMMARYThe morphological (using International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) descriptors) and field performance of five clones selected from the globe artichoke landrace Spinoso di Palermo were determined over two seasons, and their amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) profiles detected using seven primer combinations (PCs). The number of heads produced averaged 13·8 per plant (equivalent to a fresh weight yield of 2·1 kg/plant), but two of the clones produced 15·6 heads per plant (2·4 kg/plant). Three clones produced noticeably larger second-order heads (mean of 156 g), and so were considered to be suitable for the production of desirable heads over a prolonged harvesting period. Head yield and the number of heads per plant were associated with a moderate level of broad sense heritability (0·29–0·46), implying that these traits could be viewed as primary selection criteria. From the list of 51 UPOV descriptors, 18 varied among the five clones, but variation at just six, simply scored, descriptors was sufficient to discriminate completely between the examined clones. Full discrimination was also achieved by applying only three of the seven selected AFLP PCs. According to the AFLP profiles, two of the clones were highly similar. The similarity matrices calculated from the UPOV descriptors and the AFLP profiles were highly correlated with one another. The data are optimistic and indicate that the performance of Spinoso di Palermo could be much improved via clonal selection.

Moisture and temperature requirements for germination of three annual species of Medicago

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Additional Water

Moisture and temperature requirements for germination were determined for Medicago polymorpha L. var. vulgaris (Benth.) Shin., M. minima (L.) Bart., and M. truncatula Gaertn. Water absorption by seeds of all species was very rapid during the first two hours after which relatively little additional water was taken up until radicles emerged. Initial rate of imbibition was fastest in M. minima and slowest in seeds of M. polymorpha. Under favourable conditions radicles emerged in about twelve hours when seeds had imbibed from about two to three times their original weight of water. Over the range of 0-12 atmospheres of osmotic pressure, increasing the tension had depressed germination of M. pobmorpha whereas an increase from 0 to 3 atmospheres stimulated germination of M. minima. From temperatures of 15� to 30�C, M. polymorpha germinated best in the lower, M. truncatula in the intermediate, and M. minima in the higher range.

scholarly journals Studies on Induced Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gunasekaran ◽  
P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mutation breeding has been widely used for the improvement of plant characters in various crops. It is a powerful and effective tool in the hands of plant breeders. In any mutation breeding program, selection of an effective and efficient mutagen is very essential to produce high frequency of desirable mutation. Groundnut (Arachis hypogia) var. VRI-2. was treated with different concentration of physical and chemical mutagen namely gamma rays 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 KR and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). For inducing mutation various concentration of EMS such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control. The LD50 value was observed in 50% of gamma rays and 0.5 % of EMS. The morphological and yield characters were significantly reduced seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per plant, grain length and breath, 100 grains weight, grain yield per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant. The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation. The mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation. Mutant lines showing higher yield per plant than the respective parents and checks were isolated in M2 and subsequent generation were significantly more pod yield and yield components than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals VcFT-induced mobile florigenic signals in transgenic and transgrafted blueberries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-qing Song ◽  
Aaron Walworth ◽  
Tianyi Lin ◽  
Qiuxia Chen ◽  
Xiumei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Flowering Locus

Abstract FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) can promote early flowering in annual species, but such role has not been well demonstrated in woody species. We produced self and reciprocal grafts involving non-transgenic blueberry (NT) and transgenic blueberry (T) carrying a 35S-driven blueberry FT (VcFT-OX). We demonstrated that the transgenic VcFT-OX rootstock promoted flowering of non-transgenic blueberry scions in the NT (scion):T (rootstock) grafts. We further analyzed RNA-Seq profiles and six groups of phytohormones in both NT:T and NT:NT plants. We observed content changes of several hormone metabolites, in a descending order, in the transgenic NT:T, non-transgenic NT:T, and non-transgenic NT:NT leaves. By comparing differential expression transcripts (DETs) of these tissues in relative to their control, we found that the non-transgenic NT:T leaves had many DETs shared with the transgenic NT:T leaves, but very few with the transgenic NT:T roots. Interestingly, a number of these shared DETs belong to hormone pathway genes, concurring with the content changes of hormone metabolites in both transgenic and non-transgenic leaves of the NT:T plants. These results suggest that phytohormones induced by VcFT-OX in the transgenic leaves might serve as part of the signals that resulted in early flowering in both transgenic plants and the non-transgenic NT:T scions.

Gamma rays induced urdbbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] mutants with YMV resistance, good batter quality and bold seeded type

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vanniarajan ◽  
S. Ganeshram ◽  
J. Souframanien ◽  
K. Veni ◽  
S. Anandhi Lavanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Mutant Population ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Made In

The seeds of urdbean varieties MDU 1 and VBN (Bg) 4 were treated with 5 doses (100, 200 300, 400 and 500 Gy) of Gamma rays to identify YMV resistant and determinate plant type. The individual plant and plant-row selections were made in M2, M3 and M4 generation of MDU 1 and VBN (Bg) 4. Mutant population was screened for YMV resistance, pods protruding up above the canopy, early maturity, and purple pigmentation on plant. The investigation revealed that ACM-16-30, ACM-16-29, ACM-6-17 and ACM-16-14 mutant lines were found to be as ideal mutant lines for further improvement programme. The mutants line had YMV resistance, purple pigmentation on leaf, hypocotyls, stem and pod along with pods protruding up above the canopy, good batter quality and bold seeded type.

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