Production of new races of Puccinia graminis var Tritici

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Sharma ◽  
R Prasada
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Somatic Recombination ◽  
New Races ◽  
X 24

To study the phenon~enon of somatic recombination in stem rust of wheat, seedlings of selected wheat cultivars were inoculated with these six pairs of races: 15CM x 14, 15CM x 17, 15CM x 21, 15CM x 24, 15CM x 42, and 15CM x 117. Recombinants were isolated from only the first two mixtures. As a result of mixing races 15CM x 14, eight races and biotypes were isolated of which three were previously undescribed. From the recombinants of races 15CM x 17, six races and biotypes were identified, of which three were new and previously undescribed.

scholarly journals Seedling Stage Resistance of Iranian Bread Wheat Germplasm to Race Ug99 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Davoud Torkamaneh ◽  
Mehran Patpour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Following emergence of Ug99, the new virulent race of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa, a global effort for identification and utilization of new sources of Ug99-resistant germplasm has been undertaken. In this study, we conducted replicated experiments to evaluate the resistance of Iranian wheat germplasm to the TTKSK lineage of the Ug99 race of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. We also evaluated for presence of stem rust resistance genes (i.e., Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr38, Sr39, Sr31, and Sr1RSAmigo) in wheat cultivars and breeding lines widely cultivated in Iran. Our phenotyping data revealed high levels of susceptibility to Ug99 in Iranian bread wheat germplasm. Our genotyping data revealed that Iranian cultivars do not carry Sr24, Sr26, or Sr1RSAmigo. Only a few salt-tolerant cultivars and breeding lines tested positively for Sr2, Sr31, Sr38, or Sr39 markers. In conclusion, the genetic basis for resistance to Ug99 in Iranian wheat cultivars was found to be vulnerable. Acquiring knowledge about existing resistance genes and haplotypes in wheat cultivars and breeding lines will help breeders, cereal pathologists, and policy makers to select and pyramid effective stem rust resistance genes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Wheat Monogenic Lines with Known Sr Genes and Wheat Lines with Resistance to the Ug99 Race Group for Resistance to Prevalent Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939-1943
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Qiu Jun Lin ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Rong Zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious fungal diseases in wheat production, seriously threatening the global supply of wheat and endangering food security. The present study was conducted to evaluate wheat monogenic lines with known Sr genes to the most prevalent P. graminis f. sp. tritici races in China. In addition, wheat lines introduced from the International Maize and Wheat improvement Center (CIMMYT) with resistance to the Ug99 race group were also evaluated with the prevalent Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The monogenic lines containing Sr9e, Sr21, Sr26, Sr31, Sr33, Sr35, Sr37, Sr38, Sr47, and SrTt3 were effective against races 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MRGSM, and 34C3MTGQM at both seedling and adult-plant stages. In contrast, monogenic lines containing Sr6, Sr7b, Sr8a, Sr9a, Sr9b, Sr9d, Sr9f, Sr9g, Sr13, Sr16, Sr18, Sr19, Sr20, Sr24, Sr28, Sr29, and Sr34 were highly susceptible to these races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. Lines with Sr5, Sr10, Sr13, Sr14, Sr15, Sr17, Sr21, Sr22, Sr23, Sr25, Sr27, Sr29, Sr30, Sr32, Sr36, and Sr39 were resistant to one or more of the tested races. Among the 123 CIMMYT lines, 38 (30.9%) showed varying levels of susceptibility to Chinese P. graminis f. sp. tritici races. The results should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stem rust.

RESISTANCE IN WHEAT TO FORMAE SPECIALES TRITICI AND SECALIS OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Sanghi ◽  
N. H. Luig
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Two Hybrid

Nine genes conditioning resistance to cultures of P. graminis tritici (possessing unusual genes for avirulence), P. graminis secalis, and sexual or somatic hybrids between these formae speciales were found in the wheat cultivars Mentana and Yalta. In Mentana, Sr8 operated against all six cultures utilized; but in Yalta, Sr11 conditioned resistance to only two hybrid cultures. In addition, four other genes in Mentana and three genes in Yalta operated against the cultures.The present study indicates that hybridization between wheat stem rust and rye stem rust can be important in producing new combinations of virulence genes which can attack known genes for resistance in wheat. The implications of such hybridization in relation to the transference to wheat of resistance in rye to P. graminis tritici are discussed.

NEW GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO RACES OF OAT STEM RUST

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Welsh ◽  
G. J. Green ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
F Gene ◽  
E Gene ◽  
New Genes ◽  
New Gene ◽  
New Races

The inheritance in oats of reaction to some new races and to some well-known races of oat stem rust, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. avenae Erikss. and Henn., was investigated in the crosses Jostrain × Eagle, Canuck × Cherokee, and R.L. 524.1 (Hajira × Banner) × Eagle. The resistance of the variety Jostrain to races 1, 3, 4, 13, and 13A was conferred by a single gene, here designated as the E gene in accordance with the practice of designating genes for stem rust resistance by capital letters. Canuck, a derivative of Jostrain, carries the new E gene and the previously identified B gene. The resistance of R.L. 524.1 to all races is conferred by two major genes and a modifying gene. One of the major genes acts like the well-known B gene which confers resistance to all races except 6A, 7A, 8A, and 13A. The other major gene apparently is a new gene in oats for resistance to stem rust and is here designated the F gene. The F gene confers resistance to all races but a modifying gene is required along with it for resistance to race 7.

Inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistances in wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA McIntosh ◽  
PL Dyck ◽  
GJ Green
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Adult Plants

The wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha each possess closely linked genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici and P. recondita derived from Agropyron elongatum. The genes in Agent, located in chromosome 3D, were designated Sr24 and Lr24. The gene in Agatha for resistance to P. graminis tritici was designated Sr25 and is linked with Lr19 in chromosome 7D. Both Agent and Agatha possess additional genes for resistance to certain cultures of P. graminis tritici. Sr24 is considered a valuable source of resistance for wheat-breeding purposes, but Sr25 conferred an inadequate level of resistance to adult plants. A translocation from an A. elongatum chromosome to wheat chromosome 6A, present in Australian cultivars Eagle, Kite and Jabiru, carries a third gene, Sr26, for stem rust resistance.

GENETICS OF STEM RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT CULTIVARS ROMANY, Es.P 518/9, BONNY AND TAMA

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dyck ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The genetics of resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) was investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Romany, Es.P 518/9, Bonny and Tama that are resistant to many races in both Canada and Kenya. Seedling resistance in the four cultivars to 12 Canadian races is controlled primarily by previously identified genes. The results indicate that the cultivars have the following genes: Romany — Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr9b and SrW; Es.P 518/9 — Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr8, Sr9b, SrW and possibly Sr17; Bonny — Sr6 and Sr11; and Tama — Sr6 and Sr8. Gene SrW confers moderate resistance and is also present in the cultivar Webster.

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping of Stem Rust Resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Race TRTTF in the Canadian Wheat Cultivar Harvest

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Hiebert ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala ◽  
Tom Fetch
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Sr Gene ◽  
Sr Genes

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a destructive disease of wheat that can be controlled by deploying effective stem rust resistance (Sr) genes. Highly virulent races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Africa have been detected and characterized. These include race TRTTF and the Ug99 group of races such as TTKSK. Several Canadian and U.S. spring wheat cultivars, including the widely grown Canadian cultivar ‘Harvest’, are resistant to TRTTF. However, the genetic basis of resistance to TRTTF in Canadian and U.S. spring wheat cultivars is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the number of Sr genes involved in TRTTF resistance in Harvest, genetically map the resistance with DNA markers, and use markers to assess the distribution of that resistance in a panel of Canadian cultivars. A doubled haploid (DH) population was produced from the cross LMPG-6S/Harvest. The DH population was tested with race TRTTF at the seedling stage. Of 92 DH progeny evaluated, 46 were resistant and 46 were susceptible which perfectly fit a 1:1 ratio indicating a single Sr gene was responsible for conferring resistance to TRTTF in Harvest. Mapping with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers placed the resistance gene distally on the chromosome 6AS genetic map, which corresponded to the location reported for Sr8. SSR marker gwm459 and 30 cosegregating SNP markers showed the closest linkage, mapping 2.2 cM proximal to the Sr gene. Gene Sr8a confers resistance to TRTTF and may account for the resistance in Harvest. Testing a panel of Canadian wheat cultivars with four SNP markers closely linked to resistance to TRTTF suggested that the resistance present in Harvest is present in many Canadian cultivars. Two of these SNP markers were also predictive of TRTTF resistance in a panel of 241 spring wheat lines from the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

BIOASSAY OF ANTIBIOTIC P-9 BY THE DIRECT RESPONSE OF STEM RUST OF WHEAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. F. Hagborg ◽  
W. S. Chelack
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Extraneous Factor ◽  
Relative Purity

A simple medium was found for the production of antibiotic P-9 used in experiments for the control of stem rust of wheat.A rust-infection bioassay method for the estimation of the potency of different production lots of filtrate was developed; potency was measured as the proportionate inhibition of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn. race 15B) infection on wheat seedlings in relation to log concentration of the material under test. The data from the bioassays took the form of a sigmoid curve when the concentrations were plotted arithmetically and of a straight line when they were plotted logarithmically. The slope of a weighted mean regression line based on 11 assays was regarded tentatively as characterizing pure antibiotic P-9.When the data of the 11 assays were adjusted for differences in potency between assays, the weighted mean regression line was statistically significant at the 1% point of probability. It is hoped that the slope of this line characterizes the pure antibiotic P-9 sufficiently well to be a useful tool in estimations of the relative purity of fractions obtained in the progressive purification of the antibiotic. Regression lines that differ from it substantially in slope may be suspected of influence from some extraneous factor.

scholarly journals First Report of Races TKTTP and TKKTP of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with Virulence to Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr24 in Turkey and Tunisia

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumarse Nazari ◽  
Ezgi Kurtulus ◽  
Handan Kavaz ◽  
Omer M. Ozturk ◽  
Yesim Egerci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
First Report

Severe wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pgt) can result in complete crop failure. In recent years, the increasing frequency and the early onset of stem rust in Central West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) has become a big concern. The Sr24 resistance gene, one of the most effective stem rust resistance genes effective against most P. graminis f. sp. tritici races worldwide, has been widely deployed. Until the recent establishment of virulence to Sr24 within the Ug99 lineage of the pathogen in Africa (Hei et al. 2020; Jin et al. 2008; Patpour et al. 2015), Iraq (Nazari et al., 2021), occasional detections of races virulent to Sr24 were reported in South Africa (Le Roux and Rijkenberg 1987), India (Bhardwaj et al. 1990), Germany (Olivera Firpo et al. 2017), Georgia (Olivera, et al. 2019), and Western Siberia (Skolotneva et al., 2020). During the rust surveys conducted in Sinops, Samsun, and Kastomonu in the Black Sea region in northern Turkey in 2018, 19 isolates were collected. Single pustule (SP) isolates were developed and used in race analysis in the Biosafety Rust Laboratory, Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (RCRRC), Izmir, Turkey. Sample recovery, experimental procedures for pre-inoculation, inoculation, incubation, and race typing were conducted as previously described (Nazari et al. 2021). Among the tested SP isolates, two isolates showed a high infection type (IT) of 33+ on the Sr24 tester line (Little Club/Agent) and a low infection type of 11+ for the source of Sr31 (Benno/6*LMPG-6). Eight SP isolates were further developed from the high IT 33+ pustules collected from the Sr24 tester line. After spore multiplications, they were used in inoculation of the 20 North American stem rust single-gene lines used to differentiate races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici, plus Trident (Sr38+), Siouxland (Sr24+Sr31), and Sisson (Sr31+Sr36). Five SP-derived isolates with IT 33+ on the Sr24 single-gene line collected from Samsun (Alacam – Etyemez; Location: N 41.61889 E 35.55722) and Sinop (Merkez-Sanlıoglu; Location: N 41.85556 E 35.04889) were identified as race TKKTP and the remaining three SP isolates as race TKTTP. In 2020, we detected two isolates of TKKTP among the stem rust samples from Tunisia submitted to RCRRC. These two isolates were collected from bread wheat cultivars Heydna and Tahmet at a trial site near Bou Salem in Western Tunisia (Location: N 36.5351 E 8.95486). Based on the negative results of the Stage 1 test using a suite of four real-time polymerase chain reaction assays diagnostic for the Ug99 race group developed by Szabo (2012), these two races should not belong to the Ug99 race group when compared to the reference Ug99 race TTKTT from Kenya. These races were virulent to Sr5, Sr21, Sr9e, Sr7b, Sr6, Sr8a, Sr9g, Sr9b, Sr30, Sr17, Sr9a, Sr9d, Sr10, SrTmp, Sr24, Sr38, and SrMcN. In addition to these genes, race TKTTP was virulent to Sr36. Both races were avirulent to Sr11 and Sr31. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. graminis f. sp. tritici races with the Sr24 virulence in Turkey and Tunisia. The results reflect an increasing trend of virulence to Sr24 in the pathogen populations, and raise a great concern given the deployment of the Sr24 resistance gene in widely grown wheat cultivars worldwide.

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