Efficiency of conversion of food to wool. V. Comparison of the apparent digestive ability of sheep selected for high clean wool weight with that of sheep from a random control group

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Piper ◽  
CHS Dolling
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Random Control ◽  
Apparent Ability ◽  
Matter Energy

Two groups of sheep genetically different in clean wool production have been compared for their apparent ability to digest the dry matter, organic matter, energy, nitrogen, and sulphur of a range of pelleted and chaffed diets. Differences between groups were small, variable. and in no instance significant. It is concluded that the enhanced efficiency of conversion of food to wool of the high producers is probably related to improved metabolism of nutrients after absorption from the alimentary tract.

Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Волошин ◽  
Н. Морозков
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

Impact of phytogenic feed additives on growth performance, nutrient digestion and methanogenesis in growing buffaloes

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Samal ◽  
L. C. Chaudhary ◽  
N. Agarwal ◽  
D. N. Kamra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Twenty growing buffalo calves were fed on a basal diet consisting of wheat straw and concentrate mixture in a randomised block design, to study the effect of feeding phytogenic feed additives on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and methanogenesis. The four groups were viz. control (no additive), Mix-1 (ajwain oil and lemon grass oil in 1 : 1 ratio @ 0.05% of dry matter intake), Mix-2 (garlic and soapnut in 2 : 1 ratio @ 2% of DMI) and Mix-3 (garlic, soapnut, harad and ajwain in 2 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio @ 1% of DMI). The experimental feeding was continued for a period of 8 months. A metabolism trial was conducted after 130 days of feeding. Methane emission from animals was measured by open-circuit indirect respiration calorimeter. The feed conversion efficiency was higher by 9.5% in Mix-1, 7% in Mix-2 and 10.2% in Mix-3 group than in control. The digestibility of nutrients was similar except crude protein, which was improved (P < 0.05) in treatment groups. All buffalo calves were in positive nitrogen balance. Comparative faecal nitrogen decreased and urinary nitrogen increased in all the supplemented groups compared with in the control group. Methane emission (in terms of L/kg dry matter intake and L/kg digestible dry matter intake) was reduced by 13.3% and 17.8% in Mix-1, 10.9% and 13.5% in Mix-2 and 5.1% and 9.8% in Mix-3 groups as compared with control. When expressed in L/kg organic matter intake and L/kg digestible organic matter intake, methane production was reduced by 13.3% and 16.7% in Mix-1, 10.9% and 12.9% in Mix-2 and 5.1% and 8.4% in Mix-3 groups compared with the control group. These feed additives inhibited methane emission without adversely affecting feed utilisation by the animals. The faecal energy, urinary energy and methane energy losses were not affected (P > 0.05) due to feeding of these additives. Further, long-term feeding experiments should be conducted on a large number of animals to validate these effects before they can be recommended for use at a field level.

Secretion and absorption of nutrients in the alimentary tract of reindeer fed lichens or concentrates during the winter

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2364-2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. White ◽  
E. Jacobsen ◽  
H. Staaland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Apparent Absorption

Water, organic matter (OM), N, Ca, P, K, Na, and Cl exchange was estimated in the alimentary tract of reindeer given concentrate or lichen diets alone or supplemented with minerals. Chromic oxide was used as a nondigestible marker and results are discussed in relation to inaccuracies of this marker technique. The pattern of water, OM, and N exchange was similar to other ruminants; over 61% of OM digestion was due to the rumen–reticulum plus omasum and abomasum (stomachs). For the concentrate diet, 40–60% of N digestion occurred in the stomachs. Apparent absorption of Ca, P, and Mg in the stomachs was linearly related to intake. Ca and Mg supplemented to lichens was excreted because of an inability of the intestines to recover mineral secreted into duodenal contents. In contrast, the jejunum absorbed P added to the diet. Excretion of K in feces at 0.076 mM/g fecal dry matter placed a limit on K absorption; it was negative on the lichen diet. Cl was absorbed in the small and large intestines. Supplemental Na, part of the P, Ca, and K, but none of the supplemental Mg added to the lichen diet was absorbed. Lichens appeared to bind some minerals and could thereby place a limit on their absorption.

scholarly journals Effect of Boswellia serrata Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gastrointestinal Microflora, and Morphology of Broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Kiczorowska ◽  
Wioletta Samolińska ◽  
Ali Ridha Mustafa Al-Yasiry ◽  
Danuta Kowalczyk-Pecka
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Group B ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Jejunal Wall

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the effect of three different levels of Boswellia serrata resin added to broiler diets on the fundamental production parameters, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, energy digestibility, microbiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract, and histomorphology of the walls of the small intestine. Two hundred Ross 308 chicks were assigned into 4 groups (50 birds of equal body weight) in 5 replications of 10 chicks each (5 females and 5 males). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. The control group (B0) was fed a standard mixture, without supplementation, whereas in groups B1.5, B2, and B2.5, the Boswellia serrata resin was added at the levels of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% of the complete feed mixture, respectively. The dietary supplementation with 2.0 and 2.5% of Boswellia serrata resin contributed to a significant increase in the length of the duodenum and total intestine and in the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in feed. In these groups, the values of FCR and EEI were positively influenced (P<0.05) and an improvement in the structure of the jejunal wall was also recorded (P<0.05). An increase in the count of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus in the intestinal contents in broilers fed with the Boswellia serrata resin supplemented diets was observed. In conclusion, the Boswellia serrata resin can be considered as an effective feed additive, which stimulates production and has a positive effect on intestinal microflora and morphology of broilers.

scholarly journals Effect of sweet chestnut extract (Farmatan®) on the digestibility and bioavailability of nitrogen and some minerals in the laboratory rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Tatjana PIRMAN ◽  
Andrej OREŠNIK
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sweet Chestnut ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Apparent Bioavailability

Study was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of hydrolysable tannin from sweet chestnut on the protein digestibility and bioavailability, dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility and apparent digestibility and apparent bioavailability of some mineral elements. Ten male Wistar rats (98.9 g ± 25.6 g of body mass) were fed ad libitum with balanced diets. In the experimental diet 0.1 % of sweet chestnut extract (SCE) was added to the diet. Five days balance experiment takes place after fifteen days of adaptive period. SCE did not have any influence on the protein quality measurements or dry matter and organic matter apparent digestibility. Tannin significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) decreased the digestibility and bioavailability of Ca and Fe. The digestibility of Na was unchanged (97.76 % and 97.31 % in control and SCE group, respectively), but bioavailability significantly decreased in SCE group (53.16 %) as compared to the control group (74.17 %). On the contrary, the apparent digestibility of Se significantly increased, (64.25 %) in SCE group compared to the control group (52.31 %).

Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. V. Feed intake and the productive performance of the ruminant lamb in relation to the quantity of crude protein digested in the intestines

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Peripheral Blood Plasma

The voluntary feed consumption (VFC), liveweight increase, and wool growth of lambs, initially 9-10 weeks old and weighing 22 kg, were measured over 6 weeks when pelleted diets of differing protein content were offered. The crude protein contents of the diets, on a dry matter basis, were 11.7% (LP diet), 15.8% (MP diet), and 19.1 % (HP diet). The digestion of the HP and LP diets was studied, with use of markers, in similar lambs prepared with stomach fistulae. VFC, expressed as grams dry matter/day/kg body weight0.75, was 82 (SE�3) with the LP diet, 94�3 with the MP diet, and 97�4 with the HP diet. The dietary crude protein intakes were 110, 178, and 220 g/day with the LP, MP, and HP diets respectively and the corresponding quantities of crude protein (6.25 x nitrogen in forms other than ammonia) apparently digested in the intestines (DCP,) were 75, 134, and 179 g/day. The LP and HP diets provided about 12 and 23 g DCP1/lOO g digestible organic matter respectively; the value for the MP diet was estimated to be 18 g DCP1/100 g. The rates of liveweight increase were 153 � 16, 240�9, and 267�12 g/day with the LP, MP, and HP diets respectively. Wool production was the same with the MP and HP diets but lower with the LP diet. The level of intake of DCP1 and the DCP1/digestible organic matter ratio had little effect on the gross chemical composition of the lambs, as estimated indirectly from tritiated water space. The levels of essential amino acids in peripheral blood plasma were generally in the order HP diet > MP diet > LP diet. Digesta flow from the rumen and abomasum, rumen volume, ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration, and pH of ruminal digesta were similar with the LP and HP diets. It was concluded that a level of about 18 g DCP1/100 g digestible organic matter was adequate for the expression of maximum VFC and that concentrations in excess of this would have little enhancing effect on liveweight gain or wool production under conditions of ad libitum feeding.

scholarly journals Effects of different nitrogen sources on yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of Dal grass (Hymenachne amplexicaulis)

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
MJ Khan ◽  
MA Hannan ◽  
S Islam ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rabbit Manure

The effects of different sources of nitrogen on yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of Dal grass (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) were measured. Control (T0) had no fertilizer; T1 was treated with urea - 240 kg N/ha; T2 with cow manure-25.8 tonnes (t)/ha; T3 with goat manure-13.2 t/ha; T4 with rabbit manure-7.6 t/ha and T5 with poultry manure-5.9 t/ha. All treatments provided the same amount of nitrogen. Experiment was conducted following completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications in each treatment. In the first cutting maximum green forage (33.3 & 31.1), dry matter (7.7 & 7.1) and organic matter (7.1 & 6.5) MT/ha were obtained (p<0.01) for the treatments of urea and poultry droppings. In second cutting, poultry manure showed higher value (p<0.01) than other treatments for green forage (27.8), dry matter (DM; 5.3), organic matter (OM; 4.9) and crude protein (CP; 0.6). In first cutting, urea showed higher DM (23.0) and EE (2.1) than other nitrogen sources. On the other hand, rabbit manure showed higher nitrogen free extract (NFE) (46.8) than other treatments. For crude fibre (CF) and ash, no significant difference was observed between treatments. In second cutting, poultry manure showed higher DM (19.1) and EE (3.7). In both cuttings, urea gave higher CP (11.2 and 12.1) than other nitrogen sources. CF was not significantly different (p>0.05) for second cutting. Control group showed higher (9.9) and NFE (48.2) than other treatments. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content of Dal grass between treatments. It is suggested that poultry manure may be recommended as a source of nitrogen fertilizer for Dal grass production in Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v25i2.4621 Bangl. vet. 2008. Vol. 25, No. 2, 75-81

Effect of supplements of molasses and urea on intake and digestibility of native pasture hay by steers

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Ernst ◽  
JF Limpus ◽  
PK O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum

Ten steers (five Shorthorns and five Brahman crossbreds) were individually housed in digestibility crates and fed low quality native pasture hay (0.47 % N) with the following supplements- 1. nil ; 2. molasses ; 3. urea ; 4. urea-molasses ; 5. urea-molasses. The hay was fed ad libitum except in treatment 5 where it was fed at the same level of roughage intake as in treatment 2. Intake and digestibility were recorded. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 had roughage dry matter intakes 27.8 %, 14.6 % and 65.4 % respectively greater than the hay alone group. There was no significant effect of treatment compared with the control group on the apparent digestibility of dry matter or organic matter, but the apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly improved by a supplement containing urea. There was no effect of breed on apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter or crude protein but Brahman crossbreds consumed 20.0 % more dry matter than Shorthorns after intakes had been corrected for metabolic size.

The effect of sodium chloride supplementation of a sodium adequate hay on digestion, production and mineral nutrition in sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moseley ◽  
D. I. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

SUMMARYFour groups of six 18-month-old wethers were fed a diet of hay ad libitum with a pelleted ground barley supplement for 70 days. The control group received no further dietary supplements and the sodium content (0·46%) was above that recommended by published standards. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received supplements of sodium chloride, mixed and pelleted with the barley, to provide a final dietary concentration of 1·7, 2·5 and 3·1% sodium respectively.Dry-matter intake, dry organic-matter intake and digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD) were significantly reduced (P < 0·01) at the highest sodium intake. There was a reduction in live-weight gain and efficiency of utilization of digestible organic matter with increasing sodium chloride supplementation, with significant differences (P < 0·05) between the highest and lowest sodium intake groups.There were no consistent or significant changes in the serum concentrations of sodium or potassium following sodium chloride supplementation, but serum calcium and magnesium levels were significantly lowered as a result of sodium chloride supplementation.Sodium chloride supplementation improved the apparent availability of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium but reduced that of phosphorus and nitrogen. The retention of Na, K, Mg, P and N was lower at the highest sodium intake but Ca retention was higher. Urine volume and excretion of Na, K, Mg, Ca, P and N increased with sodium chloride intake.

Quantitative digestion of fresh herbage by sheep: I. The sites of digestion of organic matter, energy, readily fermentable carbohydrate, structural carbohydrate, and lipid

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
J. C. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Matter Energy

SummarySheep prepared either with a rumen cannula, or with a rumen cannula plus re-entrant cannulae in the duodenum and ileum were fed fresh ‘Ruanui’ perennial ryegrass (R), ‘Manawa’ short-rotation ryegrass (M) and white clover (C) at dry-matter intakes ranging from 450 to 1000 g/24 h.The re-entrant cannulated sheep were given paper impregnated with chromic oxide (Cr2O3) once daily via the rumen fistula as a marker; recoveries of Cr2O3 at the duodenum, ileum and faeces were approximately 75, 69 and 100% respectively. Regressions of Cr2O3-corrected digesta constituent flows (g/24 h) on intake were constructed and from these were calculated the sites of digestion of OM, gross energy, readily fermentable carbohydrate, structural carbohydrate and lipid between the stomach, small intestine and large intestine.There were differences between pasture species in partition of OM and energy digestion. With M, digestion in the stomach was significantly less (P < 0·01) and digestion in the small intestine was significantly more (P < 0·05) than with either R or C. These partitions of OM and energy digestion changed with level of feed intake. A substantial proportion (9–18%) of the digestible OM and energy was apparently digested in the large intestine with all three herbages.With all three herbages approximately 93% of the digestible readily fermentable carbohydrate and 90% of the digestible structural carbohydrate was digested in the stomach region.Reasons for differences in gross efficiency of utilization between the pasture species in the order C > M > R were examined.

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