Response of plant species to concentrations of zinc in solution. II. Rates of zinc absorption and their relation to growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Carroll ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

Rates of zinc absorption by eight plant species grown for 46 days increased almost linearly from 2 to 400 ng atoms Zn/g fresh roots/day as zinc concentration in flowing culture solutions increased from 0.01 to 6.25µM At particular zinc concentrations, rates of absorption were about one-tenth of those reported for excised roots and up to 50 times greater than calculated rates of absorption from standard culture solutions. Reasons for these discrepancies arc discussed. At rates of zinc absorption of 2–4 ng atoms/g fresh roots/day many species developed symptoms of zinc deficiency and no species made maximal growth. Increasing rates of absorption to 10 ng atoms/g/day increased the growth of all species to maximal or near-maximal growth. Increasing rates of absorption beyond this slightly increased the yield of some species, but between 20 and 100 ng atoms/g/day there was no effect on the yield of any species. Rates in excess of 240 ng atoms/g/day were associated with depressed yields in all legumes but not in any cereals. Differences in rates of zinc absorption contributed to, but could not solely account for, differences among species in response to zinc concentrations in solution. The extent to which other factors may have modified the relationship between rate of absorption and yield is discussed.

Zinc Deficiency and Edema

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
MICHAEL H. N. GOLDEN ◽  
BARBARA E. GOLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Plasma Zinc Concentration ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

To the Editor.— Kumar and Anday1 describe three premature infants presenting with edema and hypoproteinemia—the classical signs of kwashiorkor—between 5 and 9 weeks of age. Such cases are not uncommon in developing countries. Kumar and Anday's patients had low plasma zinc concentrations (43, 37, and 42 µg/dL). On this basis the authors claim that edema and hypoproteinemia is a clinical presentation of zinc deficiency not previously reported. We reported2 a clear association between "nutritional" edema and a low plasma zinc concentration in 1979; our subsequent experience has confirmed that edema of this type is always associated with a low plasma zinc concentration, as indeed Kumar and Andays' cases demonstrate.

Response of plant species to concentrations of zinc in solution. I. Growth and zinc content of plants

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Carroll ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Toxicity Effects

When eight plant species were grown in a flowing culture system over a range of constant zinc concentrations, all species produced maximum yields at concentrations of zinc in solution below those usually considered adequate for plant growth. All species made good growth at a concentration of 0.01 µM zinc and maximal growth at 0.25 µM zinc or less. Toxicity effects were also induced at lower concentrations (1–6 µM) than previously reported. Differences in yield response among species did not agree in all cases with previously reported responses in standard culture and in the field. Disagreement between results in the flowing culture method used here and the standard methods of nutrient culture may arise from the contrasting characteristics of zinc supply under which deficiency develops. It is considered that results from both methods have relevance to the absorption of zinc by plants from soil solutions.

Zinc Nutrition of Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) Seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Wallace ◽  
B Dell ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Phosphorus Accumulation ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

The relationships of seven levels of zinc supply to dry matter and zinc concentration were assessed for jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Smith) seedlings grown for 84 days in a zinc-deficient sand in the glasshouse. Zinc deficiency symptoms appeared within 28 days of sowing as a change in leaf colour of young leaves from green to bronze. Later, red areas developed and these became necrotic in severe cases. These symptoms were accompanied by decreased shoot and root dry weights. Zinc concentrations in various plant parts were low and, with the exception of the shoot apex, showed little response to zinc supply. Concentrations at the shoot apex varied from 3�g/g in deficient plants to 12�g/g in plants with adequate zinc supply. We suggest that of the plant parts analysed, the shoot apex is the only one which may be useful in defining zinc status of jarrah seedlings. Critical zinc concentration for this tissue was between 10 and 12 �g/g dry matter. Phosphorus concentrations in all plant parts, except the shoot apex, increased to very high levels with increasing zinc deficiency. It is suggested that some zinc deficiency symptoms of jarrah seedlings, e.g. necrosis, may have resulted from phosphorus accumulation due to zinc deficiency.

Zinc absorption in human small intestine

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. G87-G91 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Lee ◽  
A. S. Prasad ◽  
G. J. Brewer ◽  
C. Owyang
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Entire Small Intestine ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

We determined the intestinal site of zinc absorption in humans and investigated the interaction between intestinal absorption of zinc and other solutes using the triple-lumen steady-state perfusion technique. Twenty-one healthy subjects participated in the study. During intestinal perfusion of a balanced electrolyte solution containing 0.1 mM zinc acetate, zinc absorption occurred throughout the entire small intestine. However, the jejunum had the highest rate of absorption (357 +/- 14 nM.min-1.40 cm-1) compared with the duodenum (230 +/- 33 nM.min-1.40 cm-1) and ileum (84 +/- 10 nM.min-1.40 cm-1). Over a range of zinc concentrations infused into the jejunum (0.1, 0.9, and 1.8 mM) there were linear increases in the rate of zinc absorption (P less than 0.05). Intestinal absorption of zinc was significantly stimulated by the addition of glucose (20 mM). Zinc absorption increased from 459 +/- 39 to 582 +/- 45 nM.min-1.40 cm-1 (P less than 0.05). Conversely, zinc (0.9 mM) also enhanced the absorption of glucose, which was increased from 293 +/- 43 to 447 +/- 27 microM.min-1.40 cm-1 (P less than 0.05). The enhanced absorption of zinc or glucose was not accompanied by any increase in absorption of water and sodium. In contrast, increasing the concentration of zinc in the perfusate resulted in decreased absorption of sodium and water in a dose-related manner. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that zinc absorption is concentration dependent and occurs throughout the small intestine. The jejunum has the highest rate of absorption of zinc. The interactions between absorption of zinc and other solutes suggest that the transport process of zinc is carrier mediated.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency in Rural Nigerian Preschool Children: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Amarabia N.E. Ibeawuchi ◽  
Alphonsus N. Onyiriuka ◽  
Philip O. Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

AbstractBackground and Aims: In Nigeria, community-based epidemiological data related to the prevalence of zinc deficiency in preschool children are scarce. We assessed the prevalence of zinc deficiency and the associated socio-demographic variables in children aged between 6 and 60 months, living in a Nigerian rural community.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the serum zinc concentrations of 252 children aged between 6 and 60 months in a rural community in Nigeria were assessed, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The study population was selected by multistage random sampling and at least two children were selected from every household which had children in the study age group. The socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects were obtained, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.Results: A total of 252 children were studied, 134 (53.2%) males and 118 (46.8%) females. The mean age was 32.7±17.0 months, similar for both sexes. Overall, 220 (87.3%) had low serum zinc concentrations (less than 7.65µmol/L). According to age, the highest mean serum zinc concentration was 5.43±3.52µmol/L in children aged between 6 and 12 months. Correlation between serum zinc concentration and family size or socio-economic status (SES) showed that the smaller the family size and the higher the SES, the higher the serum zinc concentration.Conclusions: The high prevalence of low serum zinc concentration indicates that zinc deficiency is a public health problem in our rural communities, requiring public health intervention.

Measurements of Zinc Absorption: Application and Interpretation in Research Designed to Improve Human Zinc Nutriture

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Michael Hambidge ◽  
Leland V. Miller ◽  
Cuong D. Tran ◽  
Nancy F. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Maximal Absorption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Fractional Absorption

The focus of this paper is on the application of measurements of zinc absorption in human research, especially studies designed to assess the efficacy of intervention strategies to prevent and manage zinc deficiency in populations. Emphasis is given to the measurement of quantities of zinc absorbed rather than restricting investigations to measurements of fractional absorption of zinc. This is especially important when determining absorption of zinc from the diet, whether it be the habitual diet or an intervention diet under evaluation. Moreover, measurements should encompass all meals for a minimum of one day with the exception of some pilot studies. Zinc absorption is primarily via an active saturable transport process into the enterocytes of the proximal small intestine. The relationship between quantity of zinc absorbed and the quantity ingested is best characterized by saturable binding models. When applied to human studies that have sufficient data to examine dose-response relationships, efficiency of absorption is high until approximately 50–60% maximal absorption is achieved, even with moderate phytate intakes. This also coincides approximately with the quantity of absorbed zinc necessary to meet physiologic requirements. Efficiency of absorption with intakes that exceed this level is low or very low. These observations have important practical implications for the design and interpretation of intervention studies to prevent zinc deficiency. They also suggest the potential utility of measurements of the quantity of zinc absorbed when evaluating the zinc status of populations.

scholarly journals Comparative study of serum zinc concentrations in benign and malignant prostate disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhao ◽  
Qingjian Wu ◽  
Xiaoyan Hu ◽  
Xingyou Dong ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Prostatic Disease ◽  
Serum Zinc Concentration ◽  
Prostate Disease ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract Many studies have investigated the relationship between serum zinc concentration and prostatic disease, but have shown inconsistent results. Hence, we performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to assess the correlation between serum zinc concentration and prostate disease. Systematic literature searches were conducted with PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct/Elsevier, MEDLINE, CNKI and the Cochrane Library up to June 2015 for studies that involved the relationship between serum zinc concentration and prostate disease. Fourteen studies were identified from the databases. Our results illustrated that the serum zinc concentrations in prostate cancer patients were significantly lower than those in Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and normal controls (SMD (95% CI), −0.94 [−1.57, −0.32]; −1.18 [−1.90, −0.45]). However, the serum zinc concentrations in BPH patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls (SMD (95% CI) 1.77 [0.15, 3.39]). The present study showed that different levels of serum zinc concentrations are correlated with different prostatic disease. Serum zinc concentration may be used as a tool for the diagnosis and screening of prostate disease. But, further studies with well-designed larger sample studies are needed in this field to further clarify the correlation between serum zinc concentration and prostate disease.

Zinc in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Seaton Park). II. Effects of phosphorus supply on the relationship between zinc concentrations in plant parts and yield

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Reuter ◽  
JF Loneragan ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
D Plaskett
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phosphorus Toxicity ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of phosphorus on the relationship of zinc concentrations in various plant parts to yield of Seaton Park subterranean clover was examined. Plants were grown in a glasshouse at three levels of phosphorus (39, 65 and 130 mg phosphorus/pot; denoted P1, P2 and P3 respectively) and six levels of zinc added in factorial combination to a sand deficient in both phosphorus and zinc. At the lowest three levels of zinc supply, plants were severely to moderately deficient in zinc: in them, increasing levels of phosphorus depressed growth and induced high concentrations of phosphorus (> 1 % DM) in several plant parts and symptoms of phosphorus toxicity in leaves. At the highest three levels of zinc supply, plants at P1 were phosphorus deficient: application of P2 and P3 increased growth and induced zinc deficiency primarily by diluting the available zinc. In addition, P3 appeared to depress slightly the zinc content of plant tops by another mechanism. In severely zinc-deficient plants, phosphorus supply changed the relationships between zinc concentrations in various plant parts and yield of whole tops, probably as the result of phosphorus toxicity. In the youngest open leaf blades, an asymptotic relationship at P1 changed at P2 and P3 to sigmoidal and to 'Piper-Steenbjerg' relationships respectively. These changes would not have invalidated the use of plant analysis for diagnosing zinc deficiency. In moderately zinc-deficient plants, phosphorus supply had little or no effect on the relationships of zinc concentration in plant parts to yield of shoots. As a result, critical concentrations in plant parts generally remained constant over the whole range of phosphorus supply. The data refute suggestions that high levels of phosphorus in plant parts inactivate the zinc within them, thus removing a potential problem in the use of plant analysis for diagnosing zinc deficiency in subterranean clover. The results confirm the previous suggestion that a concentration range of 12-14 �g zinc/g in the youngest, open leaf blade is critical for diagnosis of zinc deficiency in subterranean clover.

Kinetics of zinc absorption by luminally and vascularly perfused rat intestine

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. G46-G53 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Steel ◽  
R. J. Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
High Molecular Weight Species ◽  
Zinc Depletion ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Perfusion Period ◽  
Kinetics Of

Zinc absorption by intestines of rats fed either zinc-deficient or zinc-adequate diets was measured by simultaneous luminal and vascular perfusion. The rate of absorption increased steadily for the first 30-40 min of perfusion over the entire lumen zinc concentration range examined (8-234 microM). During the last 10 min of perfusion the absorption rate did not change appreciably with time (steady state), and absorption by intestines from the zinc-depleted rats showed evidence of both carrier-mediated (saturable) and nonmediated (nonsaturable) components. The former had a Km of 55 microM and a Jmax of 3.3 nmol X min-1. In contrast, the absorption rate during the last 10 min of the perfusion period was a sigmoidal function of the luminal zinc concentration with intestines from zinc-adequate rats. The cytosol 65Zn concentration increased proportionately with increased luminal 65Zn concentration but was significantly greater in intestines from zinc-depleted rats. Both high-molecular-weight species and metallothionein accounted for this increase in cytosolic 65Zn. An increase in the vascular bed zinc concentration increased the amount of zinc transferred to the mucosal cytosol but did not increase the amount transferred to the lumen. These results suggest a second mechanism of absorption may be induced during a dietary zinc depletion that is carrier mediated. Moreover, while zinc is transferred in the vascular-to-mucosal direction from the vascular supply, little actually enters the lumen.

Effects of nitrogen, copper, and zinc fertilizers on the copper and zinc nutrition of wheat plants

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Chaudhry ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Copper Absorption ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations

The effects of nitrogen, copper, and zinc fertilizers on dry matter yields and on copper and zinc absorption and distribution were studied in Gabo wheat plants grown in pots of an acid loamy sand from Badgingarra, Western Australia. Plants were harvested three times during vegetative growth and at maturity. Copper and zinc fertilizers had no effect on vegetative or grain yields unless nitrogen fertilizer was also added. Nitrogen fertilizer overcame symptoms of severe nitrogen deficiency and increased growth five- to eightfold. Nitrogen induced slight symptoms of copper deficiency and of zinc deficiency after 80 days' growth and induced severe symptoms of copper deficiency at maturity. Nitrogen severely depressed the concentrations of copper and zinc in plant tops and roots by diluting the absorbed copper and zinc: two effects of nitrogen on growth contributed to dilution of copper and zinc - a large increase in total growth and a marked increase in top relative to root growth. Deficiencies of copper and of zinc each depressed vegetative growth and delayed maturity: at maturity, each deficiency enhanced straw yields and depressed grain yields. Copper deficiency was aggravated by zinc sulphate, which depressed copper concentrations of tops and roots. Zinc depressed copper concentrations mainly by depressing copper absorption: it depressed the amount of copper absorbed, depressed the rate of copper absorption per gram root in early growth, and had no effect on the distribution of copper between roots and tops. The combined effects of zinc and nitrogen fertilizers induced such severe copper deficiency at maturity that they almost eliminated grain yield. Zinc deficiency was aggravated by copper sulphate, which depressed zinc concentrations of tops and roots. Copper depressed zinc concentrations in plants partly by increasing growth but primarily by depressing zinc absorption: copper depressed the amount of zinc absorbed, depressed the rate of zinc absorption per gram root in early growth, and had no effect on the distribution of zinc between roots and tops. It is suggested that nitrogen fertilizer could induce copper and zinc deficiencies in cereal crops growing on soils with marginal copper or zinc supplies. Zinc fertilizers would aggravate the effect of nitrogen on copper deficiency, and copper fertilizers would aggravate the effect of nitrogen on zinc deficiency.

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