14C Translocation patterns in peach and apricot shoots

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Kriedemann
Keyword(s):  
Main Stem ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Fruit Maturity

14CO2 was supplied under laboratory conditions to the terminal leaves of peach and apricot shoots taken from orchard trees over the period from flowering to fruit maturity. The distribution of 14C assimilates along the shoot, and the patterns of deposition within the developing fruit were recorded on X-ray film. In both peach and apricot shoots, the terminal leaves, soon after emergence, exported assimilates to adjacent fruit which competed successfully with nearby expanding leaves, although isolated leaves (in peach) were capable of importing. At a more advanced stage only the fruits imported assimilates from the terminal leaves, and the labelled substrates were deposited in both flesh and inner seed structures despite the hardened stone. The fruit continued to accumulate 14C photosynthate even when completely ripe. Following fruit removal, export from the terminal leaves on the peach shoot was minimal, and labelled photosynthate was detected only in the main stem; whereas in apricot shoots, mature lower leaves showed extensive import of current assimilates.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of the Ilex species (Aquifoliaceae) in Hong Kong, China

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1645-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita C.W. Tsang ◽  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immature Heart

Fourteen wild species of shrubs and trees in the dioecious genus Ilex occur in Hong Kong (22°N, 114°E). All species flowered and formed fruits once each year. Sex ratios at flowering were male biased in all but one large population studied and, in most cases, this bias could not be explained by earlier flowering in males or higher female mortality. Apis cerana accounted for >87% of flower visits in all species and there was a significant positive relationship across species between the number of visits per flower per hour and the estimated mean number of flowers on a plant. The large green fruits of Ilex chapaensis Merr. were consumed only by masked palm civets, Paguma larvata, while the red or black fruits of other species were consumed by birds. The rate of fruit removal across species was positively related to sugar content and negatively related to phenolic and saponin contents. The mean number of pyrenes per fruit was 4.0–6.2 and the mean percentage of pyrenes containing seeds was 49%–90%. Most embryos were immature (heart shaped) at fruit maturity, but <50% of embryos developed further in some species. Floral investment was 0.93–5.84 times higher in male plants, but total reproductive investment was 0.62–8.3 higher in females.

Controlling Laboratoey Conditions: Preventing the Problem, The Health Physicist's Viewpoint

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 575-582
Author(s):  
Ted de Castro
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

After having heard about the magnitude of the problem of safety in the use of analytical x-ray equipment and then learned of the consequences of exposure to these x-rays, it is hard not to be convinced that a problem exists. Also being aware of the degree of responsibility in the event of an accident, it is clear that steps must be taken to prevent such occurrences. Controlling laboratory conditions is the key to prevention and, therefore, the solution to the problem.Controls may be imposed administratively or with hardware. Administrative controls are easy and inexpensive to impose. Enforcement, however, is time consuming and difficult, since such controls need only be ignored to be compromised. Hardware controls are more positive and difficult to ignore. The bypassing of hardware controls is usually invasive on the equipment and leaves evidence.When imposing controls it is necessary not to lose sight of the operational needs which brought the x-ray unit into your organization to begin with. Analytical x-ray machines are safest during massive power failures—but not very useful. Administrative and hardware controls which hobble the use of the equipment will be violated. Cooperation between the health physicist and the x-ray users can bring together the requirements of safety and Utility to create controls which will work.

Embryogenèse et Relations Nucleocytoplasmiques chez les Hybrides experimentaux entre Bufo bufo l., Bufo viridis LAUR. et Bufo calamita LAUR

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Delarue
Keyword(s):  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Developmental Difference ◽  
Bufo Viridis ◽  
European Species ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Bufo Calamita ◽  
Developmental Analysis

AbstractHybridization between three european species of Bufonids (B. bufo; B. viridis and B. calamita) has been performed under laboratory conditions. Developmental analysis have shown that morphogenesis is very often affected by hypomorphosis. When hybrids are viable up to an advanced stage, it is possible to disclose expression ofparental characters. Developmental difference between reciprocal crossings compared to nucelocytoplasmic hybridization (interspecific nuclear graft) lead to show a viability which is always greater for hybrids formed with B. bufo eggs. This remark joined to injection experiments ofcytoplasmic fractions (DELARUE, 1981)emphasizes qualitative differences of each species receiving egg cytoplasm about their morphogenetic potentialities.

Occurrence of a ferrous, trioctahedral smectite in Recent sediments of Atlantis II Deep, Red Sea

Clay Minerals ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Badaut ◽  
G. Besson ◽  
A. Decarreau ◽  
R. Rautureau
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Optical Investigation ◽  
Octahedral Sheet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Atlantis Ii Deep ◽  
Hydrothermal Spring ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Trioctahedral Smectite

AbstractA trioctahedral, ferrous smectite has been located in the uppermost deposits of Atlantis II Deep, SW basin, Red Sea. This clay is very unstable when removed from its environment of formation and, for example, oxidizes during desiccation under laboratory conditions. Only X-ray transmission diffraction study of the mud itself demonstrates the trioctahedral character of the clay. Electron-optical investigation shows that oxidation within the octahedral sheet creates a juxtaposition of dioctahedral and trioctahedral sub-lattices in the same particle. Ferrous smectite authigenesis is located near the hydrothermal spring outlets of the Atlantis II Deep.

scholarly journals Progress in the study of phenology cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) in producing areas of Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulma Molano-Avellaneda ◽  
Diego Miranda-Lasprilla ◽  
John Ocampo-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Reproductive Phases ◽  
The Town

The cholupa or stone granadilla (Passiflora maliformis L.) is one of the eight cultivated species of the genus Passiflora L. However, knowledge about the phenological development of this species has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess some aspects of phenology of cholupa growth in vegetative and reproductive phases in the town of Rivera (Colombia). For this, plant phenology during vegetative and reproductive phases of growth was evaluated by weekly measurements of length and number of stem nodes, primary and secondary branches, and longitudinal and transverse fruit diameter in commercial crops. The curves were obtained that describe the dynamics of growth of the main stem and primary and secondary branches and their respective equations by curve fitting technique, which was fitted to sigmoidal-logistic models with high statistical reliability. The time from anthesis to fruit maturity was between 50 and 60 days; the final longitudinal and transverse diameters averaged 54 and 53 mm, respectively. The phenological BBCH scale was established for the major phenological stages (E1: leaf development of the main stem, E3: stem elongation, E5 and E6: appearance and development of floral organs and flowering, and E7: fruit development). These aspects of cholupa development were similar to the ones reported for other Passiflora species and are very useful results to define agronomic practices in cultivation and breeding programs.

scholarly journals Correcting field determination of elemental contents in soils via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Santos Branco Dijair ◽  
Fernanda Magno Silva ◽  
Anita Fernanda dos Santos Teixeira ◽  
Sérgio Henrique Godinho Silva ◽  
Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Elemental Contents ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

ABSTRACT Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry has been useful worldwide for determining soil elemental content under both field and laboratory conditions. However, the field results are influenced by several factors, including soil moisture (M), soil texture (T) and soil organic matter (SOM). Thus, the objective of this work was to create linear mathematical models for conversion of Al2O3, CaO, Fe, K2O, SiO2, V, Ti and Zr contents obtained by pXRF directly in field to those obtained under laboratory conditions, i.e., in air-dried fine earth (ADFE), using M, T and SOM as auxiliary variables, since they influence pXRF results. pXRF analyses in field were performed on 12 soil profiles with different parent materials. From them, 59 samples were collected and also analyzed in the laboratory in ADFE. pXRF field data were used alone or combined to M, T and SOM data as auxiliary variables to create linear regression models to predict pXRF ADFE results. The models accuracy was assessed by the leave-one-out cross-validation method. Except for light-weight elements, field results underestimated the total elemental contents compared with ADFE. Prediction models including T presented higher accuracy to predict Al2O3, SiO2, V, Ti and Zr, while the prediction of Fe and K2O contents was insensitive to the addition of the auxiliary variables. The relative improvement (RI) in the prediction models were greater in predictions of SiO2 (T+SOM: RI=22.29%), V (M+T: RI=18.90%) and Ti (T+SOM: RI=11.18%). This study demonstrates it is possible to correct field pXRF data through linear regression models.

scholarly journals PROFIL PENDERITA KANKER PAYUDARA STADIUM LANJUT BAIK LOKAL MAUPUN METASTASIS JAUH DI RSUP HASAN SADIKIN BANDUNG

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Aleq Sander
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Radical Mastectomy ◽  
Excision Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy ◽  
Advanced Stage Cancer

Breast cancer represent one of the most second malignancy of the woman after cervix cancer. In Indonesia estimated ±100 new case per 100.000 population every year, meaning more or less 200.000 new case every year to all cancer type. While for the breast cancer ± 23.140 new case every year. If breast cancer found in early stage, it has high life expectancy, ranging from 85-95%. But actually 70-90% patient came to hospital after their disease were hard and advanced stage. Cancer medication at advanced stage was very difficult and its result very dissatisfactory. The aim of research is to know the epidemiology, clinical symptom, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis. Descriptive study with retrospective design. Total sampling was all outpatient in oncology deparment of Hasan Sadikin Hospital of Bandung with advanced stadium of breast cancer from January 2003 up to December 2008. 164 eligible respondens who had age below 35 yo 28 (17.1%) and above 35 yo 136 (82.9%). Average of menarche 11.77 yo. Location of right breast cancer 78 (47.6%), left 82 (50%), and both 4 (2.4%). A lot of stadium was T4bNoMx that is 18 (11%). Chest x-ray, laboratory, and USG were the most diagnostic procedure often used that is 19 (11.6%). The most common therapy was BE+VC+RM that is 17 (10.4%). The prognosis was healing 20 (12.2%),  not/not yet healed 30 (18.3%), not control 110 (67.1%), and who control in the other place 4 (2.4%). Conclusion was mostly diagnosis of breast cancer according to anatomy pathology, chest x-ray, laboratory, and ultrasonografi. A lot of breast cancer location was left side. Excision biopsy, and followed by radical mastectomy were the most therapy procedure. Therapy evaluation to assess the level of healing was difficult because most patient did not conduct the control after therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multipass Mechanical Harvesting on ‘Skeena’ Sweet Cherries Trained to Y-trellis

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long He ◽  
Jianfeng Zhou ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Manoj Karkee
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Damage Rate ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Fruit Damage

A study on multipass harvesting using a mechanical harvesting prototype was proposed for mechanical harvesting of fresh market sweet cherries. Fruit damage rate, fruit removal rate, and fruit maturity level were three of the measures used to compare the performance of the multipass harvesting method against single-pass harvesting. The multipass harvesting was conducted in four consecutive days with short duration of 2.5 seconds at each day, while the single-pass harvesting was one-time harvesting with long duration of 10 seconds at a single day. To generate baseline information for comparison, single-pass harvestings were performed on the first and the last days of the multipass harvesting. Fruit maturity level was determined by comparing the fruit skin color against a standard color chart with seven color levels. Field test results showed that the percentage of under-mature fruit (maturity levels ≤ 5) was substantially lower with multipass harvesting than that with day 1 single-pass harvesting. Similarly, the percentage of over-mature fruit (maturity level 7) was noticeably lower with multipass harvesting than that with day 4 single-pass harvesting. Multipass harvesting achieved a fruit removal rate of 83.4% ± 10.3% and a harvest-induced fruit damage rate of 5.0% ± 4.4%. The corresponding fruit removal rates from single-pass harvesting tests were 48.0% ± 16.1% on day 1 and 66.7% ± 16.2% day 4. Harvest-induced fruit damage rates with single-pass harvesting were 20.1% ± 9.9% on day 1 and 11.8% ± 6.0% on day 4. The results supported the hypothesis that multipass of short-duration shaking offer a potential to achieve a higher overall harvesting efficiency with better fruit quality, and therefore could lead to an optimal solution for mechanical harvesting of fresh market sweet cherries. It is noted that comprehensive economic analysis will be necessary to establish commercial viability of the system in comparison with single-pass solutions.

scholarly journals Geochemical Analysis of Ilaro-Papalanto Highway Subgrade

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
A. C. Apata ◽  
S. I. Adedokun
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Structurally Stable

In this study, the geochemical analysis of the subgrade at different locations of Ilaro-Papalanto highway was conducted using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD). The predominant oxides present in both soil samples are Silicon Oxide (40% - 45%) and Aluminium Oxide (31% - 34%), and the average silica content of Ilaro and Papalanto are 45.71% and 40.71% respectively, which implies that Ilaro soil sample is more chemically inert and structurally stable than Papalanto soil samples. The average sesquioxide content of Papalanto (36.27%) is higher than that of Ilaro (32.87%), while the silica sesquioxide ratio (SSR) of Papalanto (1.12%) is less than that of Ilaro (1.39%), therefore both soil samples are in advanced stage of weathering but Papalanto soil is more lateritic than Ilaro. Geochemical analysis using XRD indicated the presence of three clay minerals (Kaolinite, Illite and traces of Montmorrrilonite) and one major non-clay mineral, Quartz. The average proportion of Kaolinite in the soil samples are 9% (Ilaro) and 28% (Papalanto), but the average values of Quartz are 62% and 69% for Ilaro and Papalanto, respectively. The higher proportion of sesquioxide and Kaolinite from Papalanto samples is an indication of more failures observed in the region.

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