Undernutrition of the Merino sheep and its sequelae. I. The growth and development of lambs following prolonged periods of nutritional stress

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Allden
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Somatic Development

The growth of Merino lambs was arrested for periods of up to 400 days at different stages of early post-natal life, and long after the restoration of a normal diet the sequelae to these treatments were measured in terms of growth, form, feed intake, feed utilization for weight gain, and the eruption of the permanent incisors. None of the restrictions impaired the capacity of the sheep to resume normal growth, and although the most severe handicap (growth arrested at 15 kg weight for 400 days) had as its sequel a smaller sheep at 3 years of age this effect was not statistically significant. The impetus to grow was more closely related to somatic development than to chronological age. However, the eruption of the permanent incisors was associated more with age than with size, although the relationship was not a close one. In other respects the normal pattern of allometric growth was undisturbed. Feed consumption and feed utilization for weight gain were in the long term unaffected by the treatments imposed, although minor deviations from the general pattern were observed during the early part of the recovery period.

Weight gain and feed utilization of Hereford steers exposed to diazinon

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-183
Author(s):  
T. J. Danielson ◽  
L. R. Golsteyn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Negative Controls

Body weights and feed consumption were monitored in 48 Hereford steers, under feedlot conditions, for 10 wk after exposure to diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide. Experimental design consisted of four complete blocks, each of four treatment groups (positive and negative controls, two insecticidal ear tags and four insecticidal ear tags). Plasma cholinesterase activity was reduced by 50%, 24 h after topical application of diazinon directly to the skin (positive control) but was not reduced after attachment of either two or four insecticidal ear tags per animal. Daily weight gain and feed utilization in control animals, during the 70-d study, were 1.21 ± 0.22 kg d−1 and 0.144 ± 0.007 kg kg−1 (dry matter basis) and were not altered in steers exposed to diazinon. Key words: Cattle, diazinon, weight gain, cholinesterase

scholarly journals Effects of Cimetidine on Broiler Fattening and on Stress-Induced Gizzard Erosion in Chicken

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ž. Grabarević ◽  
P. Džaja ◽  
J. Perić ◽  
V. Šerman ◽  
Z. Biđin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Deprivation

The work describes the effects of cimetidine on stress-induced gizzard erosions (Experiment A) and the influence of the long-term application (42 days) of the same drug on weight gain and feed consumption during broiler fattening (Experiment B). For Experiment A, 60 male, three-day-old chicks were divided into two groups: C (n = 30) - control chicks treated with 0.5 ml saline; CIM (n = 30) - chicks treated with cimetidine in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (b. w.) in-tragastrically. All chicks were stressed using a modified water-immersion stress method according to which the chicks, after 24 h of feed deprivation, were immersed in tap water (17 °C) for a few seconds. Under chloroform anaesthesia ten chicks from each group were killed 1, 2 and 3 h after the stressing. The morphometric analysis of gizzard erosion (GE) and histopathological examinations of gizzards were performed for each chick. In Experiment B, 32 one-day-old broilers of both sexes were used. The control group was untreated (n = 16) while the CIM group (n = 16) was fed the same diet supplemented with 10 mg of cimetidine per kilogram of feed throughout the fattening period (42 days). The results of Experiment A showed decreased mean length of the GE in the cimetidine-treated birds as compared with the GE lesions of the controls. In Experiment B, the treated chicks had reduced liveweight (1835.1 g), carcass weight (1474.6 g) and increased feed consumption (2115 g of feed per kilogram of weight gain) compared to the controls in which the same parameters were 1898.5 g, 1574.2 g and 1797 g, respectively. The results show that while stress-induced GE of chicks can be medicated pharmacologically, long-term application of the same substance impairs the results of fattening.

scholarly journals Organic selenium in nutrition of chicken in fattening

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivan Jokic ◽  
Mirjana Joksimovic-Todorovic ◽  
Vesna Davidovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selenized Yeast

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of various levels of organic selenium (selenized yeast) on the weight gain and feed utilization of chicken in fattening. The experiment was carried out on 120 chicken of line hybrid Hybro-PN, divided into four groups (treatments), lasting six weeks. All groups of chicken were fed complete mixtures, while selenium was added to feed in the form of selenized yeast, in quantities of 0 (Group I); 0.3 (II) 0.6 (III), or 0.9mg/kg (IV). Chicken were measured, and care was taken to keep groups uniform (Groups: I - 36.17g; II - 37.01g; III - 37.16g, and IV 36.59g). During the experiment, every seven days, body weight of all animals was measured, as well as feed consumption for each experimental group. At the end of fattening, the highest body weight was established for chicken in Group III (2647.50g), followed by chicken in Groups II and IV (2595.89 and 2526.55g). Mentioned values were statistically significant (PO.01) by chicken and groups (2309.lg). Average daily feed consumption during the whole fattening period was highest in Group III, and lowest in Group I. For the last week of fattening it amounted to 196.38g (Group III), i.e. 179.41g (Group I). However, for chicken in Groups II and IV, these values were somewhat lower, as compared to chicken in Group III (190.50 and 185.15g). Food consumption per 1 kg gain was lowest in groups fed rations with added organic selenium (Group II - 1.65; III and IV - 1.67). Chicken in group I had the worst feed conversion (1.73).

Dietary digestible lysine immune responses and carcass nitrogen of broiler chickens in starter period

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 222-222
Author(s):  
F Alemi ◽  
M Shivazad ◽  
M Zaghari ◽  
H Moravej ◽  
A Mahdavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Protein Balance

lysine is an essential amino acid that promotes normal growth by helping to maintain the proper protein balance in the body. Most vegetable protein sources used in poultry diet formulations are moderate to low in lysine contents; hence supplementation with lysine is inevitable in growing broilers to ensure rapid growth and optimum efficiency of feed utilization. Adequate supply of nutrients during the starter improves gut development and could result in long term improvements in feed utilization. In order to evaluate the effect of different digestible lysine dietary levels on growth and immune response in starter, this experiment was done.

scholarly journals Growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) fed acidified diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Chui-Fen Teoh ◽  
Leong-Seng Leong-Seng Lim ◽  
Gunzo Kawamura ◽  
Annita Seok-Kian Yong ◽  
Rossita Shapawi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Fish Tank

The present study was aimed at evaluating the growth performance and feed utilization of marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) juveniles fed with the acidified diets (AD). In feeding trial I, five fish meal-based diets were prepared [control (pH 6.0), AD 5.3, 4.3, 3.2 and 2.5]. Each diet was fed to triplicate batches of wild-caught O. marmorata (19 fish/ tank; total length, TL = 4.72±0.46 cm) for 8 weeks. The control, AD 5.3, and AD 4.3 treatments were terminated at week 4, due to drastic decline in total feed intake (TFI=0–0.05 g) and weight loss (weight gain, WG = -15.3 to -16.9%) in the fish. The AD 3.2 and AD 2.5 treatments were continued until week 8. Fish fed with the AD 3.2 showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) TFI (0.98 g) compared to those fed with the AD 2.5 (0.73 g) at the end of the trial. Feeding trial II was done to assess the long-term effects of AD for another 7 weeks. Thirty fish specimens were randomly selected from each of AD 3.2 and AD 2.5 treatments and stocked individually in 7 L aquaria to eliminate the territorial behaviour that was observed in the first trial. At the end of the experiment, fish fed AD 3.2 attained significantly higher (P < 0.05) WG (34%) than those fed AD 2.5 (13%). However, the growth performance and feed utilization results of the present study were very poor compared to those fed the normal fishmeal-based diet as is evident from synthesis of data from the literature review. Feeding of acidified diets was, therefore, not recommended for an extended period (> 3 weeks). Nevertheless, based on the strong preference of the fish for AD, it is worth trying to develop a weaning protocol using these diets as the starter feed and then slowly replacing them with the normal diet.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary chitosan on the feed efficiency and weight performance of high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in male wistar rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunle Ogungbemi ◽  
Regina N. Ugbaja ◽  
Funmilayo F. Ilesanmi ◽  
Abolanle O. Ilori ◽  
Toluwalope A. Odeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This study was carried out to determine the growth performance of rats fed graded levels of chitosan supplemented High fat diet.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty male wistar rats weighing between 70 g and 90 g were purchased and randomly allotted into three (3) treatment groups with graded levels of chitosan in High fat diet (1%, 3% and 5%) and three (3) control groups namely: normal diet, High fat diet and normal diet +5% chitosan. The feed intakes as well as weight change of the experimental rats were monitored for six (6) weeks.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results obtained showed that the highest level of feed intake and feed efficiency were recorded for animals in group fed 5% level of chitosan supplementation when compared to other treatment groups. Similar result was observed for the weight change (as there was significant reduction in the weight gain with increase chitosan supplementation in HFD) which can be attributed to the efficient utilization of feed consumption.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It can be concluded that dietary chitosan prevents excess weight gain in hyperlipidemia and improves the overall nutritional attributes of the experimental diets by improving their feed efficiencies as compared to the control.</p>

Clenbuterol-induced muscle growth: investigation of possible mediation by insulin

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
pp. E370-E375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. McElligott ◽  
J. E. Mulder ◽  
L. Y. Chaung ◽  
A. Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Agonist

The role of insulin as a possible mediator of the beta-adrenergic agonist stimulation of muscle growth was investigated. To exclude possible action of the beta-agonist on the pancreatic release of insulin, diabetes was induced in rats by a streptozotocin injection (100 mg/kg). Insulin levels were almost not detectable in these rats. Feeding either normal diet or diet containing the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol (10 parts/million) did not alter plasma insulin concentrations. The effects of clenbuterol on muscle and weight gain were determined in diabetic rats given daily insulin replacement (D + I) and fed either a normal diet or clenbuterol-treated diet. Clenbuterol, fed for 1 wk, increased the wet weight of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles (15-23%) in both normal and D + I rats. Although clenbuterol increased body weight gain, it did not alter feed consumption and, therefore, feed efficiency (g gain/g food) was improved. Activities of cathepsin B and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, but not cathepsin D, were elevated in the soleus muscles of clenbuterol-treated rats. The clenbuterol-induced increase in muscle growth in the insulin-replaced diabetic rats indicated that this beta-adrenergic agonist effect was not mediated by an alteration of circulating levels of insulin, secondary to beta-agonist action on pancreatic insulin release.

Pengaruh Penambahan Bungkil Kedelai terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian, dan Konversi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Simmental

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Rico ◽  
Novi Eka Wati ◽  
Adisti Rastosari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
T Test ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Simmental Cattle

The objective of the researh was to study the effect of additions soybean meal in ration on the feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed convertion in Simmental cattle. The experiment used eight male Simmental cattle around 2 years old with an average weight of 198,65 ± 14,57 kilograms. The cattle kept for 35 days and given rations P0 (rations ranchers) and P1 (rations plus soybean meal). Data was obtained, then analyzed using independent sample t-test assisted with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that the addition of soybean meal did not affect on dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, and feed convertion but, the crude protein consumption was increased. Keywords: dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, feed convertion

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