Effect of cold shock, liquid storage, and pellet-freezing on successive ram ejaculates

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Salamon ◽  
RJ Lightfoot
Keyword(s):  
Cold Shock ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pellet Form ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

(1) Nine successive ejaculates were collected from each of four Merino rams on three occasions at intervals of three days. The mean time intervals between successive ejaculates on the first, second, and third collecting days were respectively 41, 28, and 30 min. Aliquots from alternate ejaculates (first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth) were cold-shocked before and after 1 : 4 dilution with an egg yolk–glucose–citrate diluent. Similarly diluted aliquots were stored at +2°C for 16 days and also frozen in pellet form after addition of 6% glycerol to a final 1:8 dilution. (2) Both undiluted and diluted spermatozoa showed increased susceptibility to cold shock with succession of ejaculates. Egg yolk–glucose–citrate diluent ameliorated the deleterious effect. (3) There were no marked differences in reanimation at thawing of pellet-frozen successive ejaculates. During a 6 hr incubation of the thawed semen at 37°, however, there were significant ejaculate differences in viability, the ninth collection having the lowest value. The mean reanimation of pellet-frozen spermatozoa after thawing was 58.7°. During incubation periods of 2,4, and 6 hr at 37°C, 47, 60, and 70% respectively of the original post-thawing motile spermatozoa became immotile. (4) During storage for 16 days at +2°C, the third and fifth ejaculates gave the best viability values. There were, however, no marked differences between ejaculates during the first 6 days of storage. (5) No firm relationships were found between cold shock values and subsequent viability during liquid storage or recovery after pellet-freezing.

scholarly journals Time Intervals From Onset of Clinical Manifestations to Treatment in Patients With Cancer at Hospital General San Felipe, Tegucigalpa, Honduras

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
José A. Sánchez ◽  
Mayra G. Handal ◽  
Juan F. Vílchez Rodriguez ◽  
Sinthia I. Mejía ◽  
Annye P. Pagoaga
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

PURPOSE In cancer, clinical staging is related to outcomes, and this is linked to the evolution of the disease over time. In Honduras, cancer mortality is high, and time intervals from onset of symptoms to treatment of cancer are not known. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine these intervals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This investigation was carried out from April 25 to August 30, 2018, and included 202 patients at the main cancer referral center in Honduras. For the purposes of the study, information was obtained from patients, their caregiver, medical records, or treatment cards. Patients older than age 18 years were included after informed consent was signed. RESULTS The mean time interval from onset of symptoms to cancer treatment was 232 days. Different intervals of time were identified, and the mean of these intervals was calculated in days as follows: 68 days from onset of symptoms to first medical evaluation; 146 days from first evaluation to oncologist consultation; 26 days from cancer specialist to the pathology report; and 86 days from the histopathologic diagnosis to the beginning of treatment. Once diagnosis was established, the average elapsed times to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and chemoradiotherapy were 88, 102, 76, and 154 days, respectively ( P < .05, when surgery is compared against chemotherapy and radiotherapy). CONCLUSION The mean time interval from symptom presentation to treatment in patients with cancer is more than 7 months. This could explain the advanced stages of disease seen at the time of treatment in Honduras, which decrease chance of cure and increase the mortality rate of cancer). Appropriate intervention to decrease these intervals must be taken to reduce mortality.

scholarly journals Premature chromosome condensation studies in human leukemia: 5. Prediction of early relapse

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
WN Hittelman ◽  
SD Menegaz ◽  
KB McCredie ◽  
MJ Keating
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Chromosome Condensation ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Premature Chromosome Condensation ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
G1 Cells ◽  
Time To Relapse ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Previous reports have suggested that the technique of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) is useful for predicting relapse in patients with acute leukemia. However, these studies involved patients had been in complete remission (CR) for various periods of time and had heterogeneous expectations for relapse. The purpose of this study was to further determine the value of PCC in predicting relapse by examining the PCC characteristics of bone marrow specimens from patients with acute leukemia on a common therapeutic regimen after similar periods in CR. The remission durations after the PCC determinations were compared between patients with high or low proliferative potential indices (PPI, or the fraction of G1 cells in late G1 phase). Of 60 patients studied between two and eight weeks after achieving CR, 14 of the 16 patients exhibiting high PPI values (greater than or equal to 35) have relapsed. The mean time from PCC measurement to relapse was 23 weeks. In contrast, only 19 of the 44 patients exhibiting low PPI values have relapsed, with an estimated mean time to relapse of 68+ weeks. Likewise, of 38 patients studied between nine and 15 weeks of CR, nine of the ten patients exhibiting high PPI values have relapsed (mean time to relapse, 23 weeks), while only 16 of 28 patients with low PPI values have relapsed (estimated mean time to relapse, 54+ weeks). The predictive value of the PCC technique was found to be independent of other prognostic factors for the duration of CR, and it identified those patients within the poor prognostic category with a high likelihood of imminent relapse. While similar trends were observed at later time intervals in CR, the differences in relapse rate between patients with high or low PPI values is not significant. These results confirm the usefulness of the PCC technique in predicting relapse in acute leukemia and could aid in the identification of patients who might benefit by an alteration of therapeutic strategy.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Cryosurgery in Patients With Sebaceous Hyperplasia of the Face

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Ataş ◽  
Müzeyyen Gönül
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Excellent Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Cryosurgery is an effective treatment for sebaceous hyperplasia, but there have been few clinical studies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cryosurgery in the treatment of sebaceous hyperplasia. Methods: Cryosurgery was performed 6 times, at 2-week intervals, with liquid nitrogen, and evaluated in 40 patients with 517 lesions ranging from 2 to 9 mm over the forehead, cheeks, and chin. All of the lesions were measured before and after the treatment. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.7 ± 8.9 years, and the male/female ratio was 21/19 (1.1). The mean time of the disease duration was 4.2 ± 3.0 years. After 6 cooling cycles, an excellent response (76%-100%) was seen in 341 patients (65.9%), a very good response (51%-75%) was seen in 102 (19.7%), a good response (26%-50%) was seen in 57 (11.1%), a poor response (1%-25%) was seen in 15 (2.9%), and no response (0%) was seen in 2 (0.4%). Age ( P = .004) and sex ( P < .0001) were independent predictors of an excellent response. The excellent response rates were 71.4% for males, 61.8% for females, 70.4% for ages older than 55 years, and 61.8% for ages younger than 55 years. Temporary hyperpigmentation was found in 5 lesions (0.96%), and recurrence was not seen at the 4-month follow-up. Conclusions: The well-aimed and controlled used of cryosurgery is an effective method for treating significant cosmetic disfigurement in patients with sebaceous hyperplasia. It is a low-cost therapy without scarring, hypopigmentation, or recurrence.

THE GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NEURAL ACTIVITY DISPLAYS A SENSITIVITY TO CONVULSANTS

1991 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. ZIMMERMAN ◽  
P. E. RAPP ◽  
A. I. MEES
Keyword(s):  
Interspike Interval ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Geometrical Characterization ◽  
Single Nerve ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Techniques

Direct application of a drop of penicillin to the brain's surface can elicit brain electrical activity similar to that seen in some forms of epilepsy. The procedure has therefore become one of the standard techniques in the experimental investigation of epilepsy. The time intervals between action potentials, called the interspike intervals, were measured from single nerve cells in the cerebral cortex of the rat before and after local administration of penicillin. The resulting interspike interval data were examined by elementary statistical procedures and by embedding the data in two- and three-dimensional spaces. The mean interspike interval did not change significantly in response to penicillin. In contrast, the geometrical characterization displayed a dramatic sensitivity to the drug.

scholarly journals A Method of Estimating Time-to-Recovery for a Disease Caused by a Contagious Pathogen like SARS-CoV-2 using a Time Series of Aggregated Case Reports

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Pitoglou ◽  
Dimitrios-Dionysios Koutsouris
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Mitigation Policy ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Calculated Average

Abstract Background: During the outbreak of a disease caused by a pathogen with unknown characteristics, the uncertainty of its progression parameters can be reduced by devising methods that, based on rational assumptions, exploit available information in order to provide actionable insights. Methods: In this study, performed few (~6) weeks into the outbreak of COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2), data publicly available on the Internet including daily reported cases of confirmed infections, deaths and recoveries are fed into an algorithm that matches confirmed cases with deaths and recoveries, in order to calculate average time-intervals. Unmatched cases are adjusted based on the matched cases calculation. Results: The mean time-to-recovery calculated from all globally reported cases was found 18.01 days (SD 3.31 days) for the matched cases and 18.29 days (SD 2.73 days), taking under consideration the adjusted unmatched cases as well. Conclusion:The experimental results indicate that the proposed method, in combination with expert knowledge and informed calculated assumptions, could provide a meaningful calculated average time-to-recovery figure, which can be used as an evidence-based estimation to support the containment and mitigation policy decisions. Trial registration: Not applicable.

Synchronization of Estrus by ‘Buck Effect’ and PGF2α Treatment in Surti Does

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Chaudhary ◽  
C. T. Khasatiya ◽  
N. F. Chaudhari ◽  
K. K. Tyagi ◽  
V. B. Kharadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Double Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This investigation was aimed to study the influence of buck and PGF2α treatment on estrus synchronization in Surti does. Apparently healthy non-pregnant Surti does (n=18) were identified from the flock by Ultrasonography. They were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Treatment T1 group were teased with a sexually-active-apronized buck; the does of Treatment T2 group were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice, i.e. on day 0th and 11th, while the does of Control group T3 were kept without any treatment. The behavioural estrus was successfully synchronized by double injection of PGF2α at 11 days apart, as well as by buck effect in T2 and T1 groups, respectively. The induction of estrus was observed cent per cent in all the groups within one month. The mean time intervals between start of treatment and onset of estrus differed significantly between T1 (5.83±2.20 d) and T3 (14.67±2.76 d) groups. However, the mean duration of estrus was 29.83±0.91, 27.50±1.23 and 28.67±1.28 hrs and the mean number of services per conception was found 1.33±0.33, 1.50±0.50 and 1.33±0.33 for T1, T2 and T3 groups of Surti does, respectively, none differ significantly (p>0.05) between the groups. There was no significant difference in conception rates at first service amongst the groups (83.33%). The 17 does among 18 does (94.44 %) from all the three groups conceived within three services, irrespective of treatment groups. It was found that the buck effect appeared to be as effective as conventional PGF2α treatment in Surti does for synchronization of estrus

Angles, Traction, and Time after Delivery of Fetal Head: Interobserver Variation of Novel Visual Analogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
pp. 1424-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana-Ama Ankumah ◽  
Vidya Chauhan ◽  
Claudia Pedroza ◽  
Rodney McLaren ◽  
Sean Blackwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Objective The objective was to ascertain interobserver variability for assessment of Angles of fetal head manipulation, Traction exerted on the fetal head, and Time interval from the emergence of the head to the feet (ATT) at vaginal delivery. Materials and Methods Singleton pregnancies of ≥36 weeks with vaginal delivery were included. Visual analogs were created to assess angles and traction, and mobile phone stopwatch was used to assess the time interval. The intraclass coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine interobserver variability. Results Thirty-seven deliveries were analyzed. For the two observers, the median angle for downward manipulation was –5° vs –20° (interquartile range [IQR], –5 to –5 vs –30 to –10), ICC of 0.09 (poor agreement; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.09, 0.32), and that for upward manipulation was 10° vs 20° (IQR, 10–15 vs 10–30), ICC of 0.25 (poor agreement; 95% CI –0.05, 0.52). ICC for lateral manipulation could not be calculated as it was not noted in 98% of deliveries. Mean traction was 2.5 versus 5.0, ICC of 0.36 (poor agreement; 95% CI –0.09, 0.72). The mean time intervals were 14.9 versus 14.0 seconds, ICC of 0.94 (excellent agreement, 95% CI 0.88–0.97). Conclusion With exception of time interval, interobserver agreement was poor in estimation of fetal head manipulation and traction.

scholarly journals Outcomes of COVID-19 among Patients on In-Center Hemodialysis: An Experience from the Epicenter in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Yeon Jung ◽  
Jeong-Hoon Lim ◽  
Seok Hui Kang ◽  
Seong Gyu Kim ◽  
Yong-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Infiltration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) or who are on hemodialysis (HD) could have increased susceptibility to the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) given their pre-existing comorbidities, older age, compromised immune system, and regular visits to populated outpatient dialysis centers. This study included 14 consecutive patients on HD or with advanced CKD who initiated HD after being diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February to April 2020 in hospitals throughout Daegu, South Korea. The included patients, 42.9% of whom were men, had a mean age of 63.5 years. Four patients had a history of contact with a patient suffering from COVID-19. The most common symptom was cough (50.0%), followed by dyspnea (35.7%). The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis and admission was 2.6 and 3.5 days, respectively. Patients exhibited lymphopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein and ferritin. Chest radiography findings showed pulmonary infiltration in 10 patients. All patients underwent regular HD in a negative pressure room and received antiviral agents. Four patients received mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy at a median duration of 14.0 and 8.5 days, respectively. One patient underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for three days. Among the 14 patients included, two died due to acute respiratory distress syndrome, nine were discharged from the hospital, and three remained hospitalized. Despite the high-risk conditions associated with worse outcomes, patients on HD did not exhibit extremely poor overall COVID-19 outcomes perhaps due to early diagnosis, prompt hospitalization, and antiviral therapy.

scholarly journals Meniscal Repair: Failure rate and clinical outcomes with minimum two years follow-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0019
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Zicaro ◽  
Carlos Yacuzzi ◽  
Nicolas Garrido ◽  
Ignacio Garcia-Mansilla ◽  
Matias Costa-Paz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Meniscal Repair ◽  
Posterior Horn ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Bucket Handle

Objectives The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and failure rate of a series of patients who underwent meniscal repair with a minimum two-years of follow-up. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with meniscal repair between 2004 and 2016. We included patients with at least 2 years of follow-up. Surgical details such as the affected menisci, type of rupture and meniscal repair technique used were analyzed. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated using Lysholm and IKDC scores. Patients were studied with x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We analyzed the failure rate (defined as a re-rupture that required surgery). We compared failure rate for isolated meniscal repair vs associated with Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Also we compared patients operated before and after 2014. Results One hundred sixty nine patients were operated during that period of time. Ten patients did not meet inclusion criteria and forty were lost in follow-up. Out of the 119 patients evaluated, 35 had bucket-handle lesions, 25 tears in the posterior horn treated with all inside sutures and 59 body and posterior horn lesions treated with a combined suture technique. The mean postoperative Lysholm score was 85 (SD 14) and IKDC 70 (SD 10). The mean return to sports time was 8 months (range 2-19). An MRI was performed in 71 patients. The overall failure rate was 21% (24 /119) at a mean time of 20 months (range 2-60 months) and 26% (9/35) for bucket-handle lesions at a mean time of 21 months (range 2-60 months). Failure rate for the 48 isolated lesions was 20% at a mean of 23 months and 19% for 70 associated to ACLR at a mean of 17 months (p=0.53). Isolated bucket-handle lesions had failure rate of 27% at a mean of 27 months and when associated to ACLR this was 23% at a mean of 12 months (p=1.0) Overall failure rate for patients treated before 2014 was 27% (18/67) and 12% after 2014 (6/52) (p=0.03). For bucket-handle lesions before 2014 was 36% (8/23) and 8% after 2014 (1/12) (p=0.03). Isolated bucket-handle lesions failure rate was 45% (5/11) before 2014 and 0% (0/7) after 2014 (p=0.01) and when associated to ACLR, it was 25% (3/12) before 2014 and 20% (1/5) after 2014 (p=0.09). Conclusion Overall failure rate of our series was 21%. We found no differences between isolated lesions and associated to ACLR. There was a statistically significant difference regarding failure rate results for those operated before and after 2014. This might be the result of an improvement in the surgical devices, modifications in the technique and the number of sutures for each procedure.

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