The physiological assessment of the nutrient status of plants. III. Experiements with plants raised at different nitrogen levels.

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma ◽  
EJ Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Area Response ◽  
Complete Solutions

Young subterranean clover plants were raised at several levels of nitrogen supply, and then transferred to complete solutions and to solutions without nitrogen Subsequent leaf area response patterns were not related to the supply of combined nitrogen before transfer. The relative differences m leaf area between the two solutions were thought to depend on differences In nodulation caused by differences In the supply of combined nitrogen before transfer. Further experiments showed that the rates of leaf area Increase of inoculated and well-nodulated plants In solutions without nitrogen were similar to those of corresponding plants receiving combined nitrogen Plants that had not been inoculated showed markedly smaller leaf growth rates after transfer to solutions without nitrogen than in complete solutions Even when the previous supply of combined nitrogen had been adequate, plants transferred to solutions without nitrogen were unable to maintain leaf area Increases at rates comparable with those of the corresponding plants in complete solutions for more than 3 days. Reasons for the marked differences between these results and those of experiments with phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, and boron are discussed

The physiological assessment of the nutrient status of plants. IV. The effect of the interaction between nutrient elements of leaf area responses

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma ◽  
EJ Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Area Response ◽  
Complete Solutions

Experiments were carried out with subterranean clover in water cultures to study the effect of interactions between phosphorus, sulphur, and nitrogen. These elements were varied in pairs, and leaf area responses measured after transfer to complete solutions and to solutions without one of the two previously varied elements. Leaf area responses after transfer of plants deficient in phosphorus as well as in sulphur revealed both deficiencies when they had been of approximately equal intensity. When elements were deficient to differing degrees, leaf area responses depended on the relative intensities of the deficiencies. With deficiencies of sufficiently differing intensities, leaf area response patterns after transfer showed a deficiency of only one element because its supply had been low enough to mask the effect of the other deficiency. Transfer of plants deficient in only one element confirmed that there is no simple relation between the nitrogen status of the plant and the induced leaf area responses. The results also confirmed the feasibility of at least a qualitative assessment of the phosphorus or the sulphur status of plants.

The physiological assessment of the nutrient status of plants. II. The effect of the nutrient status of the plant with respect to phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, calcium, or boron on the pattern of leaf area response following the transfer to different nutrient solutions

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma ◽  
EJ Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Area Response

In a series of experiments, young subterranean clover plants were raised at several levels of phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, calcium, or boron respectively, and then transferred to complete nutrient solutions and to solutions without the previously varied element. Response patterns based on relative leaf area increases revealed quantitative relations with the nutrient status of the plants at transfer in the experiments with different phosphorus, potassium, or boron levels. In the sulphur experiment the response pattern indicated only the presence or absence of stress. In the calcium experiment the picture was somewhat obscured by premature death of leaves following collapse of the petioles. In a second series of experiments it was shown that the presence or absence of specific stresses could be determined from the patterns of leaf area response after transfer of plants to complete solutions and to solutions each without one of the five elements.

The physiological assessment of the nutrient status of plants. I. Preliminary experiments with phosphorus

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma ◽  
EJ Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Subterranean clover plants of different phosphorus status, obtained from pastures or raised in the glass-house, were transferred to nutrient solutions. These included a complete solution, and others each lacking a different element. Subsequent response patterns were defined by leaf area changes. Plants raised at low phosphorus levels showed considerably smaller increases in leaf area in the solutions without phosphorus than in the other solutions. These differences were discernible as early as 2 days after transfer. There was little difference between the control treatments and treatments omitting elements other than phosphorus. Plants raised at a more adequate phosphorus level did not show differences between treatments till much later. The results are discussed, and their use as a basis for a simple method of determining the nutrient status of plants is indicated.

scholarly journals Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sabine Stuerz ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Black
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Pot Culture

Changes in the pre-emergence distribution of dry matter in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) variety Bacchus Marsh were followed at 21°C, using three sizes of seed and three depths of sowing, ½, 1¼, and 2 in. Decreasing seed size and increasing depth of sowing both reduce the weight of the cotyledons a t emergence. Seed of the three sizes were sown a t three depths in pot culture a t staggered intervals so that emergence was simultaneous. Dry weight in the early vegetative stage was proportional to seed size, and total leaf area and leaf numbers showed similar trends. Plants of each seed size grew at the same relative rate. No effect of depth of sowing could be detected, and this was shown to be due to the cotyledon area a t emergence being constant for any given seed size, regardless of varying depth of sowing and hence of cotyledon weight. It was concluded that seed size in a plant having epigeal germination and without endosperm is of importance: firstly, in limiting the maximum hypocotyl elongation and hence depth of sowing, and secondly, in determining cotyledon area. Cotyledon area in turn influences seedling growth, which is not affected by cotyledon weight. Once emergence has taken place, cotyledonary reserves are of no further significance in the growth of the plants.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen levels and chlormequat on nutrient status and nitrogen uptake by wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special-7) ◽  
pp. 1937-1939
Author(s):  
S.R. MEENA ◽  
V.S. KHAWALE ◽  
V.V. PATIL ◽  
H.V. PAWAR
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen addition on the comparative productivity of corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 354-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren C. Barker ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Daniel T. Walters ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Weed Growth

Weeds that respond more to nitrogen fertilizer than crops may be more competitive under high nitrogen (N) conditions. Therefore, understanding the effects of nitrogen on crop and weed growth and competition is critical. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in 1999 and 2000 to determine the influence of varying levels of N addition on corn and velvetleaf height, leaf area, biomass accumulation, and yield. Nitrogen addition increased corn and velvetleaf height by a maximum of 15 and 68%, respectively. N addition increased corn and velvetleaf maximum leaf area index (LAI) by up to 51 and 90%. Corn and velvetleaf maximum biomass increased by up to 68 and 89% with N addition. Competition from corn had the greatest effect on velvetleaf growth, reducing its biomass by up to 90% compared with monoculture velvetleaf. Corn response to N addition was less than that of velvetleaf, indicating that velvetleaf may be most competitive at high levels of nitrogen and least competitive when nitrogen levels are low. Corn yield declined with increasing velvetleaf interference at all levels of N addition. However, corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference was similar across N treatments except in one site–year, where yield loss increased with increasing N addition. Corn yield loss due to velvetleaf interference may increase with increasing N supply when velvetleaf emergence and early season growth are similar to that of corn.

Barley response to nitrogen rate and timing in a Mediterranean environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramos ◽  
I. De La Morena ◽  
L. F. Garcia Del Moral
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Area Response

SUMMARYNitrogen is an important factor determining grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Optimal rates and application timing can vary according to the environmental conditions under which the crop is grown. For 8 years (1979–86) barley yield, tillering, and leaf-area response to N application rates and timing were studied in southern Spain. The results showed that, under our experimental conditions, the most advantageous N rate for grain yield was 60 kg/ha, either split equally between sowing and tillering, or else with the greater proportion applied at tillering. Nitrogen applied at sowing increased number of tillers per plant, and N applied at tillering favoured tiller survival for later spike formation. In addition, N applied at tillering increased the number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, and the leaf area index, the maximum value of which occurred at anthesis.

scholarly journals Does Maintaining Green Leaf Area in Sorghum Improve Yield under Drought? I. Leaf Growth and Senescence

Crop Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Borrell ◽  
Graeme L. Hammer ◽  
Andrew C. L. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Green Leaf Area
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