Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. IV. The influence of protein supplements upon acetate and propionate tolerance of sheep fed on low quality chaffed oaten hay

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Egan
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Acetate Utilization ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Intake Regulation

Under ad libitum feeding conditions, injected acetate disappeared more slowly from the blood of sheep fed on a diet of low protein oaten chaff than when 6% casein was added to the diet. Only 2 days after the sheep were changed from the high to the low protein diet, the rate of disappearance of injected acetate dropped considerably. An equally rapid rise occurred when the sheep were changed from the low to the high protein diet. After receiving casein per duodenum for 3 days, sheep fed ad libitum on low quality oaten chaff improved in their ability to cope with injected acetate.Propionate tolerance was rapidly improved when sheep were transferred from a low quality oaten chaff diet to one supplemented with casein, each offered ad libitum. The changes in ability to cope with acetate load are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms concerned, and a physiological mechanism of regulating voluntary feed intake is suggested. It is emphasized that further investigations are needed of the effect(s) of the nature of the diet upon the sheep's ability to utilize the metabolizable energy at ad libitum intake, particularly upon the avenues and efficiency of acetate utilization.

SUPPLEMENTAL COPPER FOR SWINE: GROWTH, DIGESTIBILITY AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Castell ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Four experiments were conducted with a total of 144 pigs to study the effects on rate of gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestibility and retention of nutrients and carcass characteristics of adding 0.10% CuSO4∙5H2O to the diets of crossbred pigs, fed ad libitum or restricted to scale, from weaning to market weight. The diets contained either fishmeal or soybean meal as protein supplements and were formulated to contain 14 or 17% protein. For ad libitum-fed pigs, the addition of copper to the diet improved rate of gain by 6.2% and efficiency of feed utilization by 3.8% up to 50 kg liveweight, with a lesser improvement for restricted pigs. The increased gain and reduced feed per kg gain with copper supplements were more apparent when fishmeal rather than soybean meal and a high rather than a low protein level were fed. Rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization were increased only slightly by copper supplements when the overall growth period to market weight was considered. In digestibility studies, chromium sesquioxide as an indicator and total fecal collection gave comparable results, but digestibility coefficients were higher when the total collection method was used. Energy digestibility and nitrogen digestibility and retention were not consistently influenced by supplemental copper. Metabolizable energy was not altered by supplemental copper in the diet. The carcasses of ad libitum-fed pigs receiving supplemental copper with high protein were generally lower in backfat, and had larger cross-sectional areas of the loin and higher carcass ROP scores, than those receiving no supplemental copper. However, pigs fed ad libitum copper-supplemented diets containing fishmeal yielded a large proportion of carcasses with soft fat. This softer consistency of fat was less apparent in carcasses of pigs fed soybean meal and did not occur at market weight in pigs fed diets restricted to scale.

scholarly journals Adaptive changes in the capacity of systems used for the synthesis of citrulline in rat liver mitochondria in response to high- and low-protein diets

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. McGivan ◽  
Norah M. Bradford ◽  
J. B. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adaptive Changes ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Citrulline Synthesis

1. Citrulline synthesis was measured in mitochondria from rats fed on a standard diet, a high-protein diet, or on glucose. 2. With NH4Cl as the nitrogen source the rate of citrulline synthesis was higher in mitochondria from rats fed on a high-protein diet than in those from rats fed on a standard diet. When rats were fed solely on glucose the rate of synthesis of citrulline from NH4Cl was very low. 3. With glutamate as the nitrogen source the relative rates of citrulline synthesis were much lower than when NH4Cl was present, but similar adaptive changes occurred. 4. The activity of the mitochondrial glutamate-transporting system increased two to three times on feeding rats on a high-protein diet, but the Km for glutamate was unchanged. 5. Adaptive changes in certain intramitochondrial enzymes were also measured. 6. The results were interpreted to indicate that when an excess of substrate was present, citrulline synthesis from NH4Cl was rate-limited by the intramitochondrial concentration of N-acetyl-glutamate, but citrulline synthesis from glutamate was rate-limited primarily by the activity of the glutamate-transporting system.

Effect of High-Salt, High-Carbohydrate, Low-Protein Diet on Hypertension in the Rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 99s-102s
Author(s):  
Hideo Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein

1. High-salt, high-carbohydrate and low-protein diet induces remarkable elevation of blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. These animals have low serum potassium, low blood urea nitrogen and high blood sugar. 3. Heart weight is increased in proportion to the elevation of blood pressure. 4. Kidney weight of rats receiving the high-salt, high-carbohydrate and low-protein diet was, by contrast, smaller than SHR receiving a normal diet. 5. The kidneys of SHR receiving a high-salt, high-protein diet were twice as heavy as the kidneys of normal rats. 6. Similar dietary modifications in Goldblatt hypertensive rats to those in SHR produced similar changes in blood pressure and heart weight.

scholarly journals Performance of Broilers Fed Low Protein Diets with Lysine and Methionine Supplements

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Nancy Montilla ◽  
◽  
Lolito Bestil ◽  
Sulpecio Bantugan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Low Protein

A feeding trial with broilers was conducted to evaluate the effects of amino acids (lysine and methionine) supplementation of diets low in protein content on the voluntary intake, feed conversion efficiency, broiler performance, and cost and return of broiler production. Results showed cumulative voluntary feed intake was not significantly affected by lowering the protein content of the diet. Cumulative weight gain of broilers was lower with diet when supplemented iwht lysine and methionine to meet requirements. Birds fed with diets low in protein has less efficient feed converstion, but became comparable with those receiveing diets high in protein when supplemented with amino acids. Feed cost per kilogram broiler produced was not significantly affected by diets used in the study, although the low-protien diet with amino acid supplement had the lowest values. In terms of return above feed and chick cost, broilers fed with high-protein diet had the greatest value, but not significantly different from birds fed with low-protien diet with amino acid supplementation which gave about P10 per bird higher returns than those fed low-protein diet without amino acid supplementation.

scholarly journals High‐protein diet more effectively reduces hepatic fat than low‐protein diet despite lower autophagy and FGF21 levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2982-2997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Xu ◽  
Mariya Markova ◽  
Nicole Seebeck ◽  
Anne Loft ◽  
Silke Hornemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Digestion by sheep of concentrate diets containing formaldehyde-treated peanut meal

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of formaldehyde treatment of peanut meal on the digestion of barley-peanut meal diets was studied in fistulated crossbred sheep at two peanut meal and therefore dietary protein levels. There were no differences either between protein levels or due to treatment in the overall digestion of organic matter, but more of this digestion took place in the stomach when the low protein diets were given. Dietary starch was completely digested. There was no effect of protein level or of formaldehyde treatment on the partition of starch digestion between the stomach and the intestines. About 10% of the dietary nitrogen disappeared from the stomach when the high protein diet containing untreated peanut meal was given; treatment resulted in a small net gain of nitrogen in the stomach. There was a net gain of nitrogen in the stomach when the low protein diets were given, the gain tending to be greater when the peanut meal was treated. When the meal was treated, there was a small but not significant increase (c. 2%) for the low protein diet and a substantial increase (c. 31 %) for the high protein diet in the amount of crude protein digested in the intestines per unit of digestible organic matter intake. Changes observed in the composition and flow of digesta and in plasma urea and cc-amino nitrogen levels are discussed in relation to the digestion of organic matter and protein.

Increased NaCl preference of rats fed low-protein diet

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. R1189-R1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okiyama ◽  
K. Torii ◽  
M. G. Tordoff
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Low Protein

Four studies were conducted to assess the effect of a low-protein diet on NaCl intake. Young rats fed either control (20% casein) or low-protein (5% casein) high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet were allowed to drink either water alone or water and 300 mM NaCl. Relative to rats fed control diet, rats fed the low-protein diet progressively increased NaCl intake so that, despite lower food and water intakes, they drank 180% more NaCl during the last 3 days of the 21-day test. Additional studies found that rats fed low-protein diet always maintained positive sodium balance, were neither sodium depleted nor hypovolemic, and had normal plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations. The elevated NaCl intake was not secondary to calcium deficiency and was unaffected by mineral supplementation of the protein-deficient diet. Increases in the diet's CH and/or fat content incidental to decreases in its protein content influenced, but could not completely account for, the effect of protein deficiency on NaCl intake. We conclude that protein deficiency is the primary cause of the elevated NaCl preference produced by being fed a low-protein diet and that a novel physiological mechanism underlies this behavior.

scholarly journals RECIPROCAL CHANGES IN PLASMA PROTEIN AND PLASMA ACACIA AS RESULT OF HIGH AND LOW PROTEIN DIETS

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Knutti ◽  
J. B. Goetsch ◽  
R. A. Warrick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Low Protein

Dogs were made hypoproteinemic by repeated injections of gum acacia, and the acacia injections were discontinued. Diets of varying protein content were then given. When a high protein diet is provided the plasma protein concentration increases; with a low protein diet, or under conditions of fasting, the plasma protein concentration diminishes. Similarly, plasma acacia concentration shows increases and decreases which are reciprocal to the protein variations. Total circulating plasma protein and total circulating plasma acacia show similar changes. In all instances total circulating colloid (acacia plus protein) concentration adds up to an amount within normal limits for protein alone. The results indicate that under these conditions, acacia stored in the body (principally in the liver) can be removed from its site of deposit and returned to the blood. The data also show that dogs in which acacia is deposited in large quantities, require a larger amount of protein in the diet to maintain a constant plasma protein content than do normal dogs. It appears that the mechanism for maintenance of peripheral colloidal material may be dependent on differences in intracellular and extracellular colloidal osmotic pressure. The experiments also support the idea that plasma protein molecules, as well as gum acacia, may pass in and out of cells through the cell membranes.

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