The effect of diet on the secretion of parotid saliva by sheep. I. The daily secretion of saliva by caged sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Wilson ◽  
DE Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Fine Grinding

Two sheep with unilateral parotid fistulae were used to record the effect of individual dietary factors on parotid salivary secretions. The volume of saliva secreted was not affected by the addition of urea and molasses to a straw diet, by the drying of pasture containing 20% dry matter, or by restricting or increasing the water intake. Parotid secretion was increased by increasing the dry matter intake. With a constant food intake, the secretion was increased by 25% when the hay ration was ground through a 1/16 in. screen, but was decreased by 61% when ground through a finer screen. The intraruminal infusion of artificial saliva or 1%sodium chloride decreased the secretion by a mean of 59%. Food intake was of greater importance than other dietary factors, excluding fine grinding, in determining the volume of parotid saliva secreted.

Further studies on the voluntary food intake of Bos Indicus, Bos Taurus and crossbred cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Ledger ◽  
A. Rogerson ◽  
G. H. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Live Weight Gain

SUMMARY1. The voluntary dry-matter intake, water intake and rate of live-weight gain of indigenous, exotic and crossbred cattle on low- and medium-roughage diets have been compared under similar conditions of management.2. At similar live weights and on similar diets exotic cattle usually have a higher food intake than indigenous animals.3. When roughage was freely available the voluntary dry-matter intake of both types of cattle increased.4. Water intake was closely related to dry-matter intake and varied with the nature of the diet. The ratio of water to dry-matter intake was not affected by live weight and varied only slightly between the different types of cattle.5. Exotic cattle were generally more efficient than indigenous cattle of comparable live weight in converting food into live-weight gain; crossbred animals were intermediate. It is suggested that this largely reflects their higher intake of food relative to their maintenance requirement.6. One group of indigenous animals that were initially mature but under weight gained weight as quickly, and converted their food as efficiently, as did exotic animals.

Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

PSXIV-9 Predicting dry matter intake in beef cattle with water intake and other variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 478-478
Author(s):  
Matthew E Wilson ◽  
Kevin Shaffer ◽  
Shane Plum ◽  
Kevin Garossino ◽  
Nicky Lansink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Visit Frequency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Full Body

Abstract Technology that facilitates estimation of individual animal intake rates in group-housed settings will result in improvements in animal production and management efficiency. Estimating intake in pasture settings may benefit from models that use other variables as proxies. Relationships among dry matter intake (DMI), animal performance variables, and environmental variables to model DMI were investigated. 202 animals were studied in a drylot setting (153 bulls for 85 days and 55 steers for 55 days) using VYTELLE SENSETM In-Pen-Weighing and Feed-Intake nodes. A machine learning model was calibrated using: DMI, sex, age, full body weight, ADG, water intake, water visit frequency and duration. DMI was positively related to full body weight (r = 0.39, P &lt; 0.001), water intake (r=0.23, P &lt; 0.001), and ADG (r=0.18, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, DMI had significant but weak correlations with water visit frequency (r=0.031, P &lt; 0.001). DMI exhibited weak negative relationships with maximum air temperature (r=-0.094, P &lt; 0.001) maximum relative humidity (r=-0.056, P &lt; 0.001), net radiation (r=-0.040, P &lt; 0.001), and precipitation (r=-0.022, P &lt; 0.001). Weak positive relationships were observed between DMI and maximum wind speed (r=0.031, P &lt; 0.001) and direction (r=-0.022, P &lt; 0.001). The model was validated with resultant average RMSE of 1.06 kg for daily predicted DMI compared to measured daily DMI. In addition, when daily predicted DMI was averaged for each animal, the accuracy of model results improved with RMSE of 0.11 kg. Study results demonstrate that inclusion of water intake and animal performance variables improves predictive accuracy of DMI. Validating and refining the model used to predict DMI in drylots will facilitate future extrapolation to larger group field settings. Vytelle and its logo are trademarks of Vytelle, LLC.

scholarly journals Productive and economic performance of goats of different genetic groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Barros Oliveira ◽  
Wandrick Hauss Sousa ◽  
Flávio Gomes Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Queiroga Cartaxo ◽  
Edgard Cavalcante Pimenta Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intake Water

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the bio-economic performance in confinement crossbred goats from different genetic groups. Were used 30 goats, crossbred (F1) intact male, 10 goats Boer x SPRD (undefined breed), 10 x Savannah SPRD and 10 Oberhasli x SPRD, with an average weight of 15 kg and an average age of 100 days. The initial weight was evaluated, final body weight, average daily gain, total weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake, feed conversion and days on feed. As an economic indicator was calculated gross profit margin (MB), the average dry matter intake, the confinement period, the cost of each diet and the cost of vaccines and medicines. We used the 5% Tukey test for comparisons between treatment means. For the variables weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake and body condition score averages observed did not differ between the genetic groups. There was significant effect (P> 0.05) of genetic groups on days on feed. The biological performance of the goats finished in feedlot was not influenced by genetic group. In bioeconomic analysis was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the evaluated racial groups. Gross profit margin was negative for the mestizos Pardo Alpine x SPRD. The cross between the Boer breed and without defined breed results in premature animals, reaching slaughter weights with reduced confinement period. In the feedlot finishing system crossbred Boer goats x SPRD showed better economic performance, providing greater profitability to the creator.

scholarly journals Intake, physiological parameters and behavior of Angus and Nellore bulls subjected to heat stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ériton Egidio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Mario Luiz Chizzotti ◽  
Cristiane Viol Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Castilho Galvão ◽  
Silas Sebastião Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
And Behavior

<p>Genetics differences between breeds may determine the tolerance to high temperature, effect dry matter intake and consequently cattle performance. The effect of temperature and humidity index (THI) on diurnal, nocturnal and daily intake, water intake, physiologic parameters and behavior of Nellore (<em>B. indicus</em>) and Angus (<em>B. taurus</em>) bulls were evaluated. Eight Angus and eight Nellore young bulls (337±7.4 kg and 16 months of age) were allocated in two climate-controlled rooms for 32 days. In the period 1, all bulls were housed in thermoneutral conditions (TN, THI = 72.6) for 10 days. In period 2 (10 days), four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to low heat stress (LHS, THI = 76.4) in daytime, and four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to high heat stress (HHS, THI = 81.5) in daytime. The diurnal and daily dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. However, Angus bulls decreased diurnal DMI by 24% and daily DMI decreased (P&lt;0.05) by 15% on HHS. In TN Angus bulls had higher (P&lt;0.05) daily DMI (36.2 g/kg of BW) than Nellore (29.1 g/kg of BW), but in HHS they had similar (P&gt;0.05) daily DMI (31.6 and 30.2 g/kg of BW, respectively). We observed an increase (P&lt;0.05) in respiratory frequency, but water intake was not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. The heart rate decreased (P&lt;0.05) with heat stress. No differences were found (P&gt;0.05) in feeding behavior. Therefore, THI stress threshold should distinct for Angus and Nellore bulls. The use of feed intake information may improve the prediction of thermic discomfort on specific climate condition. </p>

A note on the flow of endogenous protein to the omasum and abomasum of steers

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Hart ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein

Three steers cannulated in the rumen and abomasum were given a diet of wheat straw, chopped and soaked in sodium hydroxide and then washed to pH less than 8. The straw was sprayed with sucrose, urea and minerals. The diet was free of digestible protein and given at 1·7 to 4·1 kg/day. Microbial protein flowing to the omasum was measured by 15N. By difference, the flow of endogenous protein nitrogen to the omasum was found to be 2·2 g/kg dry-matter intake. The flow of endogenous protein nitrogen to the abomasum was 3·3 to 9·4 g/kg dry-matter intake, and it decreased with increasing food intake.

Genetic correlations between linear type traits, food intake, live weight and condition score in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Veerkamp ◽  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Type Traits

AbstractVariance components were estimated from an animal model using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure which allowed for unequal design matrices and missing observations (VCE). Data sets containing: (i) 15 275 records of linear type classifications on heifers, (ii) 3399 live weight and condition scores measured at calving and (iii) 1157 records of yield, dry-matter intake, average live weight and condition score during the first 26 weeks of lactation; were analysed jointly.Heritability estimates for dry-matter intake, live weight and condition score in the largest data set were 0·44, 0·44 and 0·35 respectively and the genetic correlation between condition score and the yield traits ranged from −0·29 to −0·46. The genetic correlation between milk yield and average live weight was negative (−0·09) but after adjusting for the genetic variation in condition score this correlation was positive (0·29). Genetic correlations between live weight and stature, chest width, body depth and rump width were consistently high (0·52 to 0·64; 0·75 to 0·86; 0·59 to 0·81; 0·56 to 0·74, respectively). Chest width and body depth were little to moderately correlated with dry-matter intake (0·25 to 0·28 and 0·20 to 0·34 respectively), and angularity (−0·47 to −0·77) and chest width (0·32 to 0·73) appeared to be good predictors of condition score. These correlations showed that (i) the relative value of live weight compared with food intake capacity determines the optimum direction of selection for stature, chest width, body depth and angularity, and consequently the optimum size of the dairy cow, and that (ii) live weight, condition score and food intake can be predicted from the type traits with little loss in accuracy. A restricted index which maintains condition score at its current level was predicted to reduce overall (economic) genetic gain by 5%.

scholarly journals Integration of the effects of animal and dietary factors on total dry matter intake of dairy cows fed silage-based diets

animal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Huhtanen ◽  
M. Rinne ◽  
P. Mäntysaari ◽  
J. Nousiainen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Intake
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