Physiological attributes of coat colour in beef cattle

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Schleger
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Optimum Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radiation Colour

A system of scoring coat colours in the range from light red to dark red has been applied to cattle at the National Cattle Breeding Station, Rockhampton, Qld. The cattle were Herefords and Shorthorns and crosses between these and the Africander. Colour is affected by age, season, reproductive stake, growth phase of the coat, and sex, and also by exposure to solar radiation. Colour is a highly repeatable characteristic of individual animals and has high heritability, estimated at 53%. Melanin concentration in the hair is the chief determinant of colour, the partial regression coefficient (β) being 0.73, while the proportion of medullated hairs (β = –0.32) and the mean diameter (β = 0.17) have half and quarter the significance respectively. The relationship between coat type and coat colour is complex, varying with the season of the year. Within the range of red colours studied, there is no tendency for darker animals to exhibit any effects of higher heat load. The relationship between depth of colour and body temperature tends if anything to be slightly negative, which suggests that darker animals have some other characteristic favouring temperature regulation. Correlations between intensity of red colour and rate of gain are consistently positive. The magnitude of the relationship varies with season, and the validity of choosing an optimum season is discussed. The mean correlations between gain and colour score in the optimum period are 0.50 for Africander cross and 0.32 for British breed calves. Coat colour may therefore be more useful than a score of coat type in Africander cross calves, though less useful in British breed calves.

Genetic variation of rectal temperature in cows and its relationship to fertility

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Parallel Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTRectal temperatures of breeding cows at the National Cattle Breeding Station, ‘Belmont’, Rockhampton were recorded in each of 2 years. The data analysed represented two Bos taurus (Hereford × Shorthorn) and four B. indicus × B. taurus half-bred lines, and 800 to 900 cows in each year. Rectal temperatures averaged 39·8°C, and were 0·5°C higher in British breed than in zebu-cross cows and 0·3°C higher in lactating than in dry British cows (no effect in zebu cross).Fertility, measured as success or failure in producing a calf at term, was affected by rectal temperature (P<0·0001 in both years). The relationship was curvilinear, the reduction in calving rate due to 01°C increment in temperature being 0009 at 39°C, 002 at 40°C and 0035 at 41°C. Response of fertility to a given change in rectal temperature was the same in different breeds. The average depression of fertility due to heat susceptibility was 015 to 0·25 in British-breed and approximately 010 in zebu-cross herds.Even in relatively heat-tolerant zebu crossbreds and in a relatively mild environment on the Tropic, both the mean rectal temperature and its genetic variability within a herd had quite large effects on reproduction. The heritability of rectal temperature was 0·25 (s.e. 012) and its genetic correlation with fertility was −0·76 (s.e. 0·35). There was a parallel effect of rectal temperatures of cows on the birth weights of their calves.

Voluntary food intake in relation to body weight among British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Moore ◽  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTVoluntary food intake and body weight were examined over 4-week intervals between 14 and 70 weeks of age in 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle. At each age, the relationship of the natural logarithm of voluntary food intake to that of body weight was examined by linear regression both within and between breeds.Of the total variation in voluntary food intake, the proportion accounted for by body weight was extremely high between breeds (phenotypically, 0·80 or more; genetically 0·88 or more, at most ages) but phenotypically low within breeds (0·33 or less). The mean voluntary intake of a breed at any age could be predicted from its mean body weight at the same age with a coefficient of variation (CV) among breeds that declined with age from 0·08 to 0·04. Within breeds, the corresponding CV for individual intake was between 0·12 and 0·15 beyond 9 months of age, and even higher at early ages.Within breeds, the regression coefficient of log intake on log body weight was close to the value of 0·7 at all ages. Between breeds, it was over 0·8 at early ages, declining to about 0·7 beyond 1 year of age. Thus, genetically larger breeds voluntarily consumed relatively more food at early ages compared with later ages. Breed size should therefore be taken into account when recommending food intake requirements. Breed deviations for high and low appetite are discussed.

The Relationship Between Blood Ions and Blood-Cell Density in Insects

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-326
Author(s):  
JOHN BRADY
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Blood Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
The Relationship

1. Pairs of blood samples were taken from individual Periplaneta americana, the first sample being used for a live-blood haemocyte count and the second (collected 10 sec. later) for potassium and sodium determinations. 2. Analysis of these matched data on cell count and whole-blood ion concentration reveals a positive correlation between the haemocyte density and the potassium concentration, the mean regression coefficient being +0·83 mM K+/l. of blood for 10,000 cells/µl. 3. Similar analysis of the sodium data gives a negative correlation, with a mean regression coefficient of -1·69 mM N+/l. for 10,000 cells/µl. 4. Haematocrit estimations on heat-fixed blood, whose haemocyte density was simultaneously determined, indicate a mean haemocyte volume of 720 µ3. 5. If the correlations relate entirely to the contents of the haemocytes, comparison with the haemocyte volume would indicate that the cell sap contains 115 mM/l. of potassium and probably less than about 60 mM/l. of sodium; these levels are very similar to those reported for other tissues of the cockroach. 6. Since cockroach blood contains relatively little potassium these figures suggest that a significant proportion of the whole-blood potassium may be contained within the haemocytes and so not be immediately available physiologically.

Interrelationships between Blood Pressure, Blood Gases and Plasma Acetate Concentrations during Conventional Hemodialysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cannella ◽  
G. Cancarini ◽  
S. De Marinis ◽  
V. Maccagnola ◽  
S. Tosoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conventional Hemodialysis

To determine to what extent the intradialysis changes in blood pressure (BP) are related to the variations in blood gases and plasma acetate concentrations (plAc), 11 dialysed uremics were studied with measurement of plAc, pH, pCO2 and pO2 every 60’ during a hemodialysis lasting 4 hrs. Dialysis resulted in significant decreases in the BP, pO2 and pCO2 and in significant increases in pH and plAc. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the Δ% for the mean BP was closely related to plAc, pCO2 and Δ− % of body weight (BW). Partial regression coefficient indicated the following rank order of correlation: plAc > pCO2 ≥ Δ−% BW > pO2 = O, thus demonstrating that the fall in blood pressure is related both to the increase in plAc and the decrease in pCO2. The physiological relevance of these relationships is discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that the pCO2 decrease during dialysis might contribute to the acetate-induced vascular instability.

scholarly journals Effect of Improvement in Sarcopenia on Functional and Discharge Outcomes in Stroke Rehabilitation Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2192
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Matsushita ◽  
Shinta Nishioka ◽  
Shiori Taguchi ◽  
Anna Yamanouchi ◽  
Yuka Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Discharge Outcomes ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional study investigated the proportion of patients’ recovery from sarcopenia status and the relationship between improvement in sarcopenia (IS) and function and discharge outcome in hospitalized patients with stroke. This study included patients with stroke, aged 65 years or more, with a diagnosis of sarcopenia, who were admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Patients were divided according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia at discharge: IS group and non-improvement in sarcopenia (NIS) group. Among the 227 participants (mean age: 80.5 years; 125 females), 30% (69/227) of the patients were in the IS group, while 70% (158/227) were in the NIS group. The IS group showed a higher Functional Independence Measure (FIM) than the NIS group (median 112 vs. 101, p = 0.003). The results demonstrated that IS was independently associated with higher FIM (partial regression coefficient, 5.378; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.709–10.047). The IS group had higher odds of home discharge than the NIS group (odds ratio, 2.560; 95% CI, 0.912–7.170). In conclusion, recovery from sarcopenia may be associated with better function in patients with stroke.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Contrast Sensitivity Function in Eyes with Mild Cataract

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Kamiya ◽  
Fusako Fujimura ◽  
Takushi Kawamorita ◽  
Wakako Ando ◽  
Yoshihiko Iida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity Function ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Relevant Factors

This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) and several optical factors in eyes suffering mild cataract. We enrolled 71 eyes of 71 patients (mean age, 71.4 ± 10.7 (standard deviation) years) with cataract formation who were under surgical consultation. We determined the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) using a contrast sensitivity unit (VCTS-6500, Vistech). We utilized single and multiple regression analyses to investigate the relevant factors in such eyes. The mean AULSCF was 1.06 ± 0.16 (0.62 to 1.38). Explanatory variables relevant to the AULCSF were, in order of influence, logMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) (p < 0.001, partial regression coefficient B = −0.372), and log(s) (p = 0.023, B = −0.032) (adjusted R2 = 0.402). We found no significant association with other variables such as age, gender, uncorrected visual acuity, nuclear sclerosis grade, or ocular HOAs. Eyes with better BSCVA and lower log(s) are more susceptible to show higher AULCSF, even in mild cataract subjects. It is indicated that both visual acuity and intraocular forward scattering play a role in the CS function in such eyes.

Comparative drought resistance of Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbred herds in Central Queensland. 1. Relative weights and weight changes of maiden heifers

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (56) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Frisch
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Observations were made during a drought in Queensland in 1969 of the comparative weight changes of Brahman X British (BX), Africander X British (AX), and British X British (SH) crossbred heifers which were grazed together under field conditions at the National Cattle Breeding Station 'Belmont', Queensland. The animals were weighed in February and October, 1969, and in January 1970. At all weighings the BX heifers were significantly heavier than both the AX and the SH heifers and the AX were significantly heavier than the SH. From February 1969 to October 1969, when nutritional conditions were most severe, the mean weight loss of the breeds was 42.1 kg. Breed differences in absolute weight losses were not significant but were least for the BX. When the weight losses were adjusted for differences in initial weight, the BX lost 34.9 kg, the AX lost 39.3 kg and the SH heifers lost 50.5 kg. The difference between the Zebu crossbreds (AX and BX) was not significant. From October 1969 to January 1970 the pasture conditions improved and the mean gain of the breeds was 52.1 kg. The BX heifers gained 55.8 kg, 7.4 kg more than the SH heifers. From February 1969 to January 1970, BX and AX heifers gained 12.0 kg and 8.2 kg respectively more than the SH heifers (3.7 kg) ; the difference between the Zebu crossbreds was not significant. Purebred Brahman and Africander heifers lost less weight than any of the crossbreds from February 1969 to October 1969 and made only slightly lower gains from October 1969 to January 1970. Overall gains from February 1969 to January 1970 were highest in the purebred Brahmans. Some possible reasons for the differences in breed performance are advanced.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivananda B Nayak ◽  
Dharindra Sawh ◽  
Brandon Scott ◽  
Vestra Sears ◽  
Kareshma Seebalack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.

Income or Culture? Examining the Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing in an International Sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Garg
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Marginal Utility ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Diminishing Marginal Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between income, subjective wellbeing, and culture among people from a higher socio-economic class across the world. Rationale: Ed Diener proposed the law of diminishing marginal utility as an explanation for differences in subjective wellbeing among different income groups across different countries (Diener, Ng, &amp; Tov, Balance in life and declining marginal utility of diverse resources, 2009). Thus, people with higher incomes would experience less subjective wellbeing due to income, and culture should emerge as a significant predictor. Method: Data from this study came from another study (https://siddharthgargblog.wordpress.com/2019/07/14/love-for-money/). I used an online survey to collect data on annual income in US dollars, subjective wellbeing (WHO-5), and country of residence (Indicator of Culture). 96 responses (Indians = 24, Foreigners = 72) were entered in IBM SPSS and a regression analysis was conducted. The raw dataset used in this study can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8869040.v1Results: ANOVA showed a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) between Indians and foreigners on levels of subjective wellbeing. Linear regression shows the regression coefficient of culture to be significant (Beta = -.254, p = .014) but the regression coefficient of income was not found to be significant. The overall model was found to explain 8.2% of the variance in wellbeing.Conclusion: The sample of this study is too small to make any kind of generalization; it does lend a little bit of support to the idea of diminishing marginal utility of income on subjective wellbeing and provides a rationale for further research.

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