Control of the time of ovulation in sheep

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWH Braden ◽  
DR Lamond ◽  
HM Radford
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Synchronization of ovulation in ewes during the breeding season was achieved by a 14 day course of progesterone injections followed by injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Optimal control was attained when the PMS was given at the time of the last progesterone injection and the HCG 24 hr later. With this treatment most ovulations occurred between 20 and 28 hr after the HCG injection. However, none of the ewes exhibited oestrus at this time. Greater variability in the time of ovulation was found when the progesterone-PMS and PMS-HCG intervals were 0 hr and 48 hr, or 24 hr and 24 hr, and with these treatments about 80 per cent. of the ewes exhibited oestrus just before ovulation. On the 0-48 hr treatment schedule with artificial insemination 3-7½ hr after the HCG injection, 13 of 22 ewes had fertilized eggs or embryos when killed 3 or 35 days later.

Hormonal synchronization of ovulation in beef heifers and fertility after artificial insemination

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
DR Lamond
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

After ovarian examination, and enucleation of corpora lutea where possible, groups of beef heifers on farms in the New England region were injected with progesterone in oil for 6 days. This was followed in some experiments by treatment with placental gonadotrophins. Artificial insemination was carried out 3–5 days after the final injection of progesterone. The effects of dose of progesterone, pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, and human chorionic gonadotrophin on fertility were observed. Fertility was highest in heifers in which the corpus luteum was enucleated prior to injection of progesterone.

INDUCTION OF OVULATION BY GONADOTROPHINS IN THE INDIAN FIVE-STRIPED PALM SQUIRREL FUNAMBULUS PENNANTI (WROUGHTON)

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
PUSHPA SETH ◽  
M. R. N. PRASAD
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

SUMMARY Superovulation was induced in palm squirrels by the administration of gonadotrophins. The regimen of treatment effective in inducing ovulation was 60 i.u. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) administered in three doses of 20 i.u. on days 1, 4 and 7, followed by a single injection of 40 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on day 14. The same schedule of PMS and HCG administration induced ovulation in mature and immature squirrels both during the breeding season and the period of sexual quiescence. Ovulation did not occur in PMS-treated females if HCG was not administered. The period required for follicular growth before the follicles responded to the ovulatory stimulus of HCG was 13–14 days; the interval for follicular maturation leading to the release of the ovum was approximately 24 hr. Variations in the numbers of ova shed by different groups of females are related to the phase of the reproductive cycle and the age of the squirrels.

Internalization of receptor-bound human chorionic gonadotrophin in preovulatory rat granulosa cells in vivo

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Jääkeläinen ◽  
Seppo Markkanen ◽  
Hannu Rajaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Electron Microscope Autoradiography ◽  
Silver Grains ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Abstract. The subcellular distribution of 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in preovulatory rat granulosa cells was studied in vivo. Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin-pretreated immature female rats received an iv injection of [125I]hCG a few hours before the endogenous preovulatory gonadotrophin surge. The animals were killed at 2 or 6 h after the [125I]hCG injections. Light microscope autoradiographs showed that the mural granulosa cells of large follicles were the most highly labelled cells in the ovaries. Electron microscope autoradiography was used to study the subcellular distribution of radioactivity in the mural granulosa cells. At 2 h 45% of the counted silver grains were associated with the plasma membrane and 10% with the lysosomes, at 6 h the values were 51% and 9%, respectively. The distribution of the observed silver grains was compared with the generated expected source to grain pairs by computerized linear multiple regression analysis. The magnitudes of the regression coefficients revealed that the plasma membrane and the lysosomes were the only specifically 125I-labelled organelles, that a few radioactive molecules were located diffusely over the cytoplasm at 2 h and that the 125I-radioactivity of the nuclei was negligible. The present results suggest that preovulatory rat granulosa cells are in vivo able to internalize into lysosomes [125I]hCG initially bound to LH/hCG receptors of the plasma membrane.

Effects of thymulin on spontaneous puberty and gonadotrophin-induced ovulation in prepubertal normal and hypothymic mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hinojosa ◽  
R Chavira ◽  
R Dominguez ◽  
P Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

The effects of thymulin administration beginning on days 19 or 24 of age on spontaneous puberty and gonadotrophin-induced ovulation were analysed in female normal and hypothymic mice. In normal and hypothymic mice, the daily administration of thymulin at 24 days of age resulted in a delay in the age of vaginal opening, with an increase in serum progesterone levels. Normal mice treated with 200 ng thymulin beginning on day 19 of age and injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 24 h later had an increase in ovulation rate, number of ova shed and weight of the ovaries. None of the hypothymic mice treated with thymulin on day 19 and PMSG on day 20 ovulated. PMSG treatment on day 25 induced ovulation in hypothymic mice. When these animals were injected previously with 200 ng thymulin, the number of ova shed by ovulating animals was lower than in PMSG-treated animals. Administration of thymulin and sequential injection of PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin 54 h later resulted in an increase in ovulatory response in comparison with those receiving only PMSG. The results suggest that thymulin plays a role in the regulation of spontaneous puberty through its effects on adrenal and ovarian endocrine functions. The increase in the ovarian PMSG response-treated animals, previously given thymulin, showed that this thymic hormone participates in the regulation of gonadotrophin secretion mechanisms and seems to be dose- and age-dependent. In hypothymic mice, neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating puberty are different from those of normal mice.

STIMULATION BY β2-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS OF THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLIC AMP AND PROGESTERONE IN RAT OVARIAN TISSUE

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT RATNER ◽  
G. K. WEISS ◽  
CAROLYN R. SANBORN
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Stimulation Of

Ovarian tissue from immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or PMSG and human chorionic gonadotrophin was incubated in Medium 199. Stimulation of the formation of cyclic AMP in follicular and luteal tissue by terbutaline (10−5 mol/l), a selective β2-agonist, was blocked by butoxamine (10−5 mol/l), a selective β2-antagonist, whereas practolol (10−5 mol/l), a selective β1-antagonist, was ineffective. Propranolol (10−5 mol/l), a non-selective β-antagonist, butoxamine nor practolol affected the increase in cyclic AMP promoted by the addition of 1 μg LH. Stimulation of the production of progesterone in both follicular and luteal tissue by terbutaline was blocked by butoxamine, but not by practolol. These findings indicated that β-adrenergic stimulation of ovarian cyclic AMP and progesterone is mediated by β2-adrenergic receptors.

DIE BEDEUTUNG VON GONADEN UND HYPOPHYSE FÜR DIE WIRKUNG GONADOTROPER HORMONE AUF DIE SCHILDDRÜSENFUNKTION

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (II) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasselblatt ◽  
Ch. Ratabongs
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hormonal Secretion ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on the thyroid gland of normal, of gonadectomized and of hypophysectomized infantile rats has been studied. Gonadotrophin treatment stimulated the thyroid of normal and hypophysectomized female rats. A corresponding effect was not observed in gonadectomized female or in normal and gonadectomized male rats. These results show that the gonadotrophic hormones stimulate thyroid function indirectly by increasing the hormonal secretion of the ovaries. An intimate functional relationship between the ovaries and the thyroid gland was thus demonstrated. As the stimulating effect of gonadotrophin treatment was also present in hypophysectomized female rats, it was concluded that the oestrogens act directly on the thyroid gland. Their thyrotrophic action is not mediated by the pituitary gland.

IMMUNOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SIMILARITY BETWEEN HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND ONE OF THE ANTIGENIC COMPONENTS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitri K. Shahani ◽  
Shanta Savur Rao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Antigen Present ◽  
Biological Similarity ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT Immunological investigations with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were carried out in order to characterize the antigens of HCG. Attempts were also made to find out whether HCG has antigens common to those of human luteinizing hormone (LH) and human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and also to ovine, bovine and porcine LH and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). The results of the immunoelectrophoretic analysis carried out have indicated that one of the three antigens of HCG seems to be immunochemically similar to the antigen present in human LH. HCG was not observed to have any antigens in common with ovine, bovine and porcine LH and PMSG as revealed by the tests carried out with antiserum to HCG. The combining power and the biological activity of the antigen common to human LH and HCG were not completely destroyed by heating the hormones at 100° C for 30 minutes. These were, however, destroyed by treating the respective hormones with 30 per cent hydrogen peroxide. Haemorrhagic follicles were observed when human FSH was injected into immature mice together with human LH. Such haemorrhagic follicles were also observed in some of the mice injected simultaneously with heated LH or HCG along with human FSH. The significance of these observations are discussed.

OVULATION IN ADULT RATS AFTER TREATMENT WITH PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPHIN DURING OESTRUS

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Welschen ◽  
M. Rutte
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

ABSTRACT Treatment of the adult rat with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) followed by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) is the standard procedure for inducing superovulation. Experiments were performed on rats with a 5 day cycle to determine why treatment with PMS only does not produce superovulation. In untreated animals all follicles in a range of [2267] 55 × 106 μm3 take part in ovulation. Similarly, in precocious ovulation induced by HCG in otherwise untreated animals, all follicles in this size range produce ovulations. After the injection of 5 IU of PMS into rats during oestrus the number of follicles in the size range of [2267] 55 × 106 μm3 is doubled, but only half of them take part in spontaneous ovulation, which occurs one day earlier than in untreated animals. An additional ovulating stimulus by means of treatment with HCG causes no increase in the number of ovulations. Data from hypophysectomized animals receiving HCG indicate that the ovulatory release of luteinizing hormone (LH) is not subnormal following treatment with 5 IU of PMS. After the administration of 10–35 IU PMS in oestrus, spontaneous ovulation does not occur. Data on hypophysectomized animals receiving HCG indicate that at this dose level of PMS, the ovulatory release of LH is subnormal. Indirect evidence suggests that this is due to high oestrogen levels in the blood, blocking the ovulatory release of LH. After 50–80 IU of PMS spontaneous ovulation of a small number of ova occurs on day 3. The ovulatory release of LH, estimated as in the previous experiments, is not distinctly subnormal. Therefore at this dose level of PMS a diminished responsiveness of the ovaries is responsible for the subnormal number of ovulations.

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