The effects of some chlorinated hydrocarbons as systemic acaricides against the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Roulston
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Blood Samples

Subcutaneous injections of cattle with lindane, dieldrin, and aldrin solutions in peanut oil at the rate of 25 mg toxicant/kg body weight produced marked effects on infestations of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). The numbers of ticks present at the time of the injection declined, but many developed to maturity. The most striking effect was the prevention of establishment of seed ticks. After injection, the average period of freedom from larvae for the lindane- and dieldrin-treated animals was from the 7th to the 22nd day and from the 12th to the 25th day respectively. For the aldrin-treated group there was a minimum number of larvae from the 16th to the 27th day. Dieldrin and aldrin continued to affect the reinfesting ticks even after they were able to establish as larvae, and the first appearance of each succeeding life history stage was progressively postponed. Animals injected with lindane exhibited their first persistent reinfestation of young adult ticks on the average 43 days after injection, dieldrin-injected animals 67 days after injection, and aldrin-injected aninlals more than 80 days after injection. Lindane was detected in the hair of injected cattle in three out of four experiments, but could not be detected in skin and blood samples. DDT injections at 25 mg/kg were without effect, and DDT could not be detected in skin, hair, and blood samples. Toxaphene, diazinon, and malathion produced no systemic effects on ticks when injected subcutaneously into cattle at 25 mg/kg. Isodrin likewise produced no systemic effect on ticks when injected into cattle a t the rates of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg. Endrin at 5 mg/kg was also ineffective, but two animals injected respectively with 10 and 15 mg/kg endrin died. Compound L13/59, an organic phosphorus acaricide, produced no effect on ticks when administered orally to cattle at rates up to 50 mg/kg. Inunction of the neck of cattle with peanut oil solutions of lindane and dieldrin at the rate of 26 mg toxicant/kg body weight resulted in marked mortality of ticks over the entire body region, suggesting penetration of the skin and systemic effect from these toxicants. The lindane-anointed animal was free from larval ticks from the 3rd to the 11th day after treatment, and the dieldrin-anointed animal from the 3rd to the 21st day. Similar treatments with aldrin and DDT at 25 mg/kg were without systemic effect on the ticks. Although these results of injection are promising, the technique cannot yet be recommended for general use.

Toxaphene-resistant cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)) occurring in Queensland

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Norris ◽  
BF Stone
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Very High

Cattle ticks on four herds in southern Queensland survived dipping in a vat charged with 0.5 per cent. w/v toxaphene, which nevertheless disinfested a fifth herd. Protective periods afforded by toxaphene against attachment of resistant larvae were much shorter than against susceptible strains. Laboratory concentration-response tests on a culture of the toxaphene-resistant ticks indicated that the median lethal concentration of toxaphene for engorged females was 19 times higher than that of a reference strain, and t h at f o r the larvae was also significantly higher. The toxaphene-resistant ticks were not affected when cows were sprayed with 0.05 per cent. w/v gamma-BHC. This was consistent with an earlier history of BHC resistance in the ticks on these herds. Spraying trials indicated no marked arsenic resistance in the toxaphene-resistant ticks. The mortality of the toxaphene-resistant ticks on cattle sprayed with 0.5 per cent. W/V pp'-DDT, and the protective period against larval reinfestation, were as high as usually observed in other tick populations. A very high kill resulted from spraying the toxaphene-resistant ticks with 0.05 per cent. w/v diazinon. Subcutaneous injections of peanut oil solutions of lindane, dieldrin, and aldrin at the rate of 25 mg toxicant/kg host body weight were without effect on toxaphene-resistant ticks.

scholarly journals The Production of Cuticle Wax by Engorged Females of the Cattle Tick, Boophilus Microplus (Canestrini)

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-709
Author(s):  
LOIS M. CHERRY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Female Cattle

Weight of cuticle wax produced by the engorged female cattle tick, Boophihis microplus (Canestrini), and loss of body weight during egg production, have been measured at intervals between dropping from the host and completion of egg laying. 2. Wax increased in weight from 20 to 63 µg. per tick between 6 and 222 hr. after dropping. This increase took place in two stages, with the steepest increase between 6 and 54 hr. and a smaller increase between 78 and 150 hr. 3. Body weight fell by 71% between 6 and 222 hr. The rate of loss was highest during early egg production, reaching its peak on the fourth day after dropping. 4. The most rapid increase in weight of cuticle wax took place before the onset of oviposition. During peak egg production the increase was slight. During the decline of egg production cuticle wax increased slowly in weight. 5. The possible physiological function of the increased wax secretion, and its relation to general metabolic activity, are discussed.

Effects of field infestations of gastrointestinal helminths and of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) on growth of three breeds of cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Turner ◽  
AJ Short
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Tick Count ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tick Resistance

Approximately equal numbers of Shorthorn x Hereford (British), Africander x British, and Brahman x British yearlings (all F3-F4 generations), totalling 117, were run together on one pasture. One-third of each breed type was dipped every 3 weeks to control ticks, one-third was given injectable tetramizole at the same intervals to control gastrointestinal helminths, and one-third was untreated. The estimated increases in gains in body weight in 27 weeks due to dipping were 10 kg (10%) in Africander cross and 3 kg (3%) in Brahman cross animals (neither significant), but 27 kg (46%) in Shorthorn–Herefords (P 0.001). Anthelmintic treatment increased gains by 22 kg (22%) in the Africander cross (P < 0.001), and 1 kg (1%) in the Brahman cross group (not significant), and 18 kg (30%) in the Shorthorn–Herefords (P < 0.01). The differential breed responses to the presence of ticks were accounted for by differences in the numbers of female ticks maturing. The Africander and Brahman cross animals carried a mean of 20–30 ticks per side ompared with75–100 on Shorthorn–Herefords, and had higher repeatability of counts on individual animals. The regression of weight gain on tick count between animals within infested groups was similar to that between infested and dipped groups. There was no breed difference in counts of helminth eggs in faeces. There were significant differences between animals but they were not correlated with weight gain. Tick burdens were moderately high. Helminth egg counts were low. In these circumstances and under the pasture conditions represented, tick resistance accounted for 40% of the superiority in growth of the Brahman cross or Africander cross over Shorthorn–Herefords, and tolerance of helminths accounted for none of the difference between Africander cross and Shorthorn–Herefords, for 25–40% of the difference between Brahman cross and Shorthorn–Herefords, and for more than the observed difference between Brahman and Africander crosses. The effects of both parasites on growth, and the importance of differential responses of breeds, are conditioned by environmental conditions, notably nutrition.

scholarly journals Proteomics Approach to the Study of Cattle Tick Adaptation to White Tailed Deer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Popara ◽  
Margarita Villar ◽  
Lourdes Mateos-Hernández ◽  
Isabel G. Fernández de Mera ◽  
José de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Blood Digestion ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Single Host

Cattle ticks,Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, are a serious threat to animal health and production. Some ticks feed on a single host species while others such asR. microplusinfest multiple hosts. White tailed deer (WTD) play a role in the maintenance and expansion of cattle tick populations. However, cattle ticks fed on WTD show lower weight and reproductive performance when compared to ticks fed on cattle, suggesting the existence of host factors that affect tick feeding and reproduction. To elucidate these factors, a proteomics approach was used to characterize tick and host proteins inR. microplusticks fed on cattle and WTD. The results showed thatR. microplusticks fed on cattle have overrepresented tick proteins involved in blood digestion and reproduction when compared to ticks fed on WTD, while host proteins were differentially represented in ticks fed on cattle or WTD. Although a direct connection cannot be made between differentially represented tick and host proteins, these results suggested that differentially represented host proteins together with other host factors could be associated with higherR. microplustick feeding and reproduction observed in ticks fed on cattle.

Domestic dogs as hosts of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
HMD Hoyte
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Cattle Tick

Larval B. microplus were placed on 36 domestic dogs, about half of which were adults and half were puppies. Ticks matured on the adults only. The yield of adult female ticks was very low and variable (average for all dogs, 0.01%); more time was needed to mature than on cattle, and size and egg production were reduced. Most of the resulting larvae matured successfully when placed on cattle. No ticks matured on the small number of young foxes and dingoes which were tested. It is suggested that the unconsidered presence of dogs represents some risk to the success of campaigns to eradicate this tick.

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