Parna in the riverine plain of south-eastern Australia and the soils thereon

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
BE Butler ◽  
JT Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Modal Size ◽  
South Eastern Australia

This study of Widgelli parna, aeolian material derived from soils during a previous arid period, shows that there is a relationship between particle size and the distance leeward from the dune zones. Within 1 or 2 miles of the dunes the modal size of the non-clay fraction is 150 to 200 µ, and this value changes to 40 µ at a distance of 150 miles leeward. The clay content varies inversely, being about 36 per cent. near the dunes and 70 per cent. 150 miles leeward. The non-clay fraction is highly graded. Within the dune zones, and particularly in the dune itself, the parna is mixed with coarser sand. The size and clay-content relationships for the parna sheet also hold in the dune zones with the modal size at the crest about 400 µ. The landscapes and soils to be related to the parna include the riverine plains, the adjoining hills, and the dune landscape of the Mallee. Highly differentiated soils occur on the parna layer, and these include brown solonized soils in the dune zones, red-brown earths on the hills, and red-brown earths and grey and brown soils of heavy texture on the riverine plains. Soil differentiation is largely caused by drainage differences.

Survival and biomass of exotic earthworms, Aporrectodea spp. (Lumbricidae), when introduced to pastures in south-eastern Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Baker ◽  
P. J. Carter ◽  
V. J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil P ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Inoculation Density ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Exotic Earthworms ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The earthworm fauna of pastures in south-eastern Australia is dominated by exotic lumbricid earthworms, in particular the endogeic species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. trapezoides. Anecic species such as A. longa are very rare. All 3 species were introduced within cages in 10 pastures on a range of soil types within the region. Five months later, A. longa had generally survived the best and A. trapezoides the worst. The survivals and weights of individual worms varied between sites for all 3 species. The survivals of A. caliginosa and A. longa, and to a lesser extent A. trapezoides, were positively correlated with soil clay content. The weights of A. caliginosa and A. longa, but not A. trapezoides, were positively correlated with soil P content. The survivals and weights of A. longa and A. trapezoides and the weights only of A. caliginosa decreased with increasing inoculation density, suggesting increased intraspecific competition for resources, particularly in the first two species. A. longa reduced the abundance and biomass of the exotic acanthodrilid earthworm, Microscolex dubius, at one site, and the total biomass of 3 native megascolecid species at another, when these latter species occurred as contaminants in A. longa cages. The addition of lime had no effect on the survivals and weights of A. caliginosa, A. longa, and A. trapezoides, although the soils were acid at the sites tested. The addition of sheep dung increased the survival and weights of some species at some sites. Mechanical disturbance of the soil within cages reduced the survivals of A. longa and A. trapezoides. A. longa was released without being caged at 25 sites within one pasture in South Australia. Four years later, it was recovered at all release points. A. longa has the potential to colonise pastures widely throughout the higher rainfall regions of south-eastern Australia.

Persistence and leaching of imazethapyr and flumetsulam herbicides over a 4-year period in the highly alkaline soils of south-eastern Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Hollaway ◽  
R. S. Kookana ◽  
D. M. Noy ◽  
J. G. Smith ◽  
N. Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Imazethapyr and flumetsulam are acetolactate synthase herbicides commonly used in the cereal belt of south-eastern Australia. As their labels recommend recropping periods of up to 34 months for imazethapyr and 24 months for flumetsulam, there are concerns that in some cases their persistence may damage subsequent rotation crops. This is the first major study in south-eastern Australia to investigate their leaching and persistence for up to 4 years after treatment. Imazethapyr persisted for more than 3 years at 2 sites and flumetsulam for more than 2 years at 3 sites. For imazethapyr, soil type (clay content) rather than soil pH seemed to be most important in determining persistence, with residues of 10% of applied imazethapyr predicted to persist for 24 months after treatment in clay soil and 5 months after treatment in sandy soil. The potential for leaching below our studied soil depth of 40 cm is of concern for imazethapyr but not for flumetsulam. The current labels appear to provide adequate information for safe recropping periods, but may be conservative for imazethapyr in sandy soils.

Corrigenda - The effect of Aeolian accessions on soil development on granitic-rocks in south eastern Australia. I. Soil morphology and particle-size distributions

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
PH Walker ◽  
CJ Chartres ◽  
J Hutka
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Particle Size Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Size Mode ◽  
Single Size ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Four Alfisols in south-eastern Australia were studied to determine their genesis with special reference to textural profile development and aeolian accession. Sampling sites were located in erosional terrain developed from granitic rocks of similar composition and in hillcrest positions to reduce the chance that colluvial deposition had affected pedogenesis. The sampling transect was placed in such a way that differences in regional aeolian accession could be reflected in soil properties. The chemical and physical characteristics of these soils indicated that strong leaching had been important in their genesis. Detailed particle-size data confirmed that the coarsest fractions in all profiles were derived from weathered granite. The A horizons tended to have a single size mode in the sand range and very little clay-size material. The B horizons tended to be bimodal with the greatest amount of clay in the 0.12-0.06 �m size class and a mode in the sand range close to that of the A horizons. The appearance of a peak in the 62-31 �m size class, which is progressively stronger in the western sites, probably relates to a fine aeolian accession which has penetrated the B and C horizons. The amount of clay contributed by aeolian accession to textural B horizons is unknown. At erosional sites in south-eastern Australia, where the probability of colluvial and fluvial sedimentary layering is minimal, aeolian accession of fine fractions has complicated the interpretation of pedogenesis.

The effect of Aeolian accessions on soil development on granitic-rocks in south eastern Australia. I. Soil morphology and particle-size distributions

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Walker ◽  
CJ Chartres ◽  
J Hutka
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Particle Size Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Size Mode ◽  
Single Size ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Four Alfisols in south-eastern Australia were studied to determine their genesis with special reference to textural profile development and aeolian accession. Sampling sites were located in erosional terrain developed from granitic rocks of similar composition and in hillcrest positions to reduce the chance that colluvial deposition had affected pedogenesis. The sampling transect was placed in such a way that differences in regional aeolian accession could be reflected in soil properties. The chemical and physical characteristics of these soils indicated that strong leaching had been important in their genesis. Detailed particle-size data confirmed that the coarsest fractions in all profiles were derived from weathered granite. The A horizons tended to have a single size mode in the sand range and very little clay-size material. The B horizons tended to be bimodal with the greatest amount of clay in the 0.12-0.06 �m size class and a mode in the sand range close to that of the A horizons. The appearance of a peak in the 62-31 �m size class, which is progressively stronger in the western sites, probably relates to a fine aeolian accession which has penetrated the B and C horizons. The amount of clay contributed by aeolian accession to textural B horizons is unknown. At erosional sites in south-eastern Australia, where the probability of colluvial and fluvial sedimentary layering is minimal, aeolian accession of fine fractions has complicated the interpretation of pedogenesis.

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