Tomato root distribution under furrow irrigation

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Root Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Top 40

The root distribution of mature tomato plants in a sandy loam soil under furrow irrigation was studied by measuring the lengths of roots washed from soil samples. Nearly 76 per cent. of the roots measured were found in the top 40 cm. of soil, but appreciable amounts of roots were found in the deepest samples (90-100 cm.). There were more roots half-way between plants in the row than closer to the plant, which suggests that mature root systems overlap when plants are spaced 29 ft. apart in the row. Distribution was compared for plants which had received an application of superphosphate and those which had not. Added phosphorus greatly increased the total length of roots and slightly increased the median root depth without much change in the relative values for these two measures between different lateral positions. In addition, there was some evidence for a local concentration of roots around the band of superphosphate. The relevance of the findings to cultivation and fertilizer practices in tomato culture is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 04-06
Author(s):  
A. Natarajan, P. Vijayarengan ◽  
M. Vijayaragavan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Soil Cadmium ◽  
Loam Soil

The increasing concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg /kg) of soil cadmium on growth and biochemical contents in tomato plants were analysed on 30th sampling days. Control plants were maintained separately. Plants were grown in pots containing 3 kg of air dried sandy loam soil and treated with different concentrations (mg/kg) of cadmium (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ). Treatments decreased the growth parameters such as root and shoot length  and biochemical constituents such as, protein,(except, proline and  phenol content) contents in tomato plants compared to untreated plants. The shoot length of cadmium treated tomato plants was higher than the root length. proline and phenol content of root of  tomato plants was higher than the shoot.

Some effects of urea and of soil moisture on solute translocation

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 756-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wm. Harold Minshall
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Solute Uptake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Loam Soil

In detopped plants, stump exudation resulting from root pressure provides a measure of the quantity of solutes and of water being transferred to the xylem. In dry soil the transfer of water to the xylem stops when the force required to remove the water from the soil is equal to the osmotic pull of the solutes in the xylem. In a sandy loam soil mixture, detopped tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) treated with urea maintained stump exudation to a soil moisture content as low as 12.1% while water-control plants ceased exudation at 15.0% soil moisture. By maintaining the transfer of solutes to the xylem, the application of urea enhanced the ability of the detopped root system to remove water from the dry soil.By watering plants to pot capacity at different times before and after detopping, a series of soil moisture levels were obtained with detopped roots of tomato. In this clay loam soil mixture stump exudation started at 10% soil moisture (about −3.0 bars potential). With increasing moisture the rate of exudation increased rapidly to reach a maximum exceeding 5 ml per hour at soil moisture contents between 20 and 25% (about −0.05 bars potential). The rate then decreased gradually to 2.5 ml per hour as the soil moisture content increased from 25 to 45%. Starting at 10% soil moisture and continuing up to 25%, solute uptake increased proportionately with increasing moisture content, and at these dry and medium soil moisture levels, the supply of water to the root determined the quantity of solutes being translocated to the stump. The depletion of oxygen and accumulation of carbon dioxide in soils containing more than 25% moisture reduced the translocation of solutes in the plants.

scholarly journals Colonization and Internalization of Salmonella enterica in Tomato Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2494-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Sarah Allard ◽  
Sara Reynolds ◽  
Patricia Millner ◽  
Gabriela Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Loam Soil

ABSTRACTThe consumption of fresh tomatoes has been linked to numerous food-borne outbreaks involving various serovars ofSalmonella enterica. Recent advances in our understanding of plant-microbe interactions have shown that human enteric pathogenic bacteria, includingS. enterica, are adapted to survive in the plant environment. In this study, tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicumcv. Micro-Tom) grown in sandy loam soil from Virginia's eastern shore (VES) were inoculated withS. entericaserovars to evaluate plausible internalization routes and to determine if there is any niche fitness for certain serovars. Both infested soil and contaminated blossoms can lead to low internal levels of fruit contamination withSalmonella. Salmonellaserovars demonstrated a great ability to survive in environments under tomato cultivation, not only in soil but also on different parts of the tomato plant. Of the five serovars investigated,Salmonella entericaserovars Newport and Javiana were dominant in sandy loam soil, whileSalmonella entericaserovars Montevideo and Newport were more prevalent on leaves and blossoms. It was also observed thatSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium had a poor rate of survival in all the plant parts examined here, suggesting that postharvest contamination routes are more likely inS. Typhimurium contamination of tomato fruit. Conversely,S. Newport was the most prevalent serovar recovered in both the tomato rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Plants that were recently transplanted (within 3 days) had an increase in observable internalized bacteria, suggesting that plants were more susceptible to internalization right after transplant. These findings suggest that the particularSalmonellaserovar and the growth stage of the plant were important factors for internalization through the root system.

scholarly journals Root interactions and plant growth in a tomato/potato onion intercropping system under different phosphorus levels

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Yu ◽  
Shaocan Chen ◽  
Xingang Zhou ◽  
Fengzhi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Root Interactions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potato Onion

ABSTRACTIntercropping systems have been implemented in many parts of the world due to their beneficial effects on yield and biomass. In intercropping systems, changes in plant growth are usually related to variations in root distribution and phosphorus (P) levels, however, root distributions and root tendencies are difficult to study, as root systems grow beneath the soil surface. Therefore, we have a relatively poor understanding of the relationship between plant root interactions and plant growth in intercropping systems. In this study, a custom apparatus consisting of a transparent manual root box was used to observe intact root systems in situ. We investigated how root distribution and root tendency changed in a tomato/potato onion intercropping system under two P treatments, and how tomato plant growth was influenced. The results showed that the shoot and total biomass for the tomato plants were increased by intercropping with potato onion plants under both tested P levels, the root distribution of intercropped tomato plants was deeper than that of monocultured plants, and the tomato roots tended to grow away from the potato onion roots. Our research reveals that a deeper and more evasive root distribution is more conductive to the plant growth of the intercropped tomato.SUMMARY STATEMENTOur study can help more people clearly know the relationship between the root interactions and plant growth in mixed cultures.

scholarly journals Seaweed extracts slightly reduce effects of root knot nematodes on tomato plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 278-278
Author(s):  
F.A. Shah ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
S.R. Bulman ◽  
W.R. Nelson ◽  
J.D. Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species) are economically important pathogens of a number of plants species worldwide A glasshouse pot experiment was carried out to compare the performance of an organic seaweed product (Kelpak) with that of the traditional nematicide fenamiphos (Nemacur) for the control of M fallax in tomato Root systems of seaweed and fenamiphostreated plants were less affected by M fallax than those in untreated controls although differences in root gall index for the treatments were not statistically significant (P031) Plant parameters were increased by the treatments but only for shoot height was the increase statistically significant (P005) Visual observation revealed that the roots systems of seaweedtreated plants were more dense and paler in colour than those from the untreated and fenamiphostreated plants which had dark brown roots The experiment has not found compelling evidence of high efficacy of seaweed extract against nematodes attacking tomato Effectiveness of these products warrants further study however including using different combinations of materials and timing of application aiming to determine if they are useful as part of integrated nematode management

Emissions of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide associated with the decomposition of arable crop residues on a sandy loam soil in Eastern England

Agronomie ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Harrison ◽  
Sharon Ellis ◽  
Roy Cross ◽  
James Harrison Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Loam Soil

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

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