Solvent retention capacities as indirect selection criteria for sugar snap cookie quality in Chinese soft wheats

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Qijun Zhang ◽  
Zhonghu He ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Guoyou Ye
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Cookie Quality ◽  
Solvent Retention

Development of soft wheat cultivars with high sugar snap cookie quality is one of the most important breeding objectives in south China. Lack of an efficient criterion for selection for soft wheat quality is the main reason slowing genetic progress. Seventeen Chinese soft wheat genotypes grown at three locations in 2000–01 and 2001–02 wheat seasons in the Southern Winter Wheat Region, were used to investigate the potential of solvent retention capacity (SRC) parameters as indirect selection criteria for improving cookie diameter. All traits investigated displayed medium to high broad-sense heritability. Lactic acid SRC and sucrose SRC had the highest heritability, with the estimate being 0.92 and 0.86 on across-environment genotype mean value, while ranging from 0.93 to 0.99 and from 0.95 to 0.99, respectively, in the six individual environments. Sucrose SRC was highly significantly and negatively correlated with cookie diameter on both phenotypic and genotypic levels, with values of –0.86 (P < 0.001) and –0.91 (P < 0.001) on across-environment genotype performance, and ranging from –0.71 (P < 0.01) to –0.86 (P < 0.001) and from –0.79 (P < 0.001) to –0.93 (P < 0.001), respectively, in the six environments. Sucrose SRC was found to be a good selection criterion for improving cookie diameter. When applying the same intensity, genetic progress on cookie diameter achieved through sucrose SRC selection was as efficient as that for cookie diameter itself on across-environment genotype performance, while slightly less efficient on within-environment genotype performance, with the relative selection efficiency ranging from 0.81 to 0.90. Moreover, indirect selection through sucrose SRC was always more efficient than direct selection under the assumption of equivalent cost, with the relative efficiency of 1.52 based on across-environment selection, and ranged from 1.22 to 1.36 on within-environment selection.

scholarly journals Effect of Radio Frequency Cold Plasma Treatment on Intermediate Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) Flour and Dough Properties in Comparison to Hard and Soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Held ◽  
Catrin E. Tyl ◽  
George A. Annor
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Protein Secondary Structures ◽  
Solvent Retention ◽  
Solvent Retention Capacity

Cold plasma is an emerging technology to improve microbiological safety as well as functionality of foods. This study compared the effect of radio frequency cold plasma on flour and dough properties of three members of the Triticeae tribe, soft as well as hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG). These three flour types differ in their protein content and composition and were evaluated for their solubility, solvent retention capacity, starch damage, GlutoPeak and Farinograph profiles, and protein secondary structures. Plasma treatment resulted in dehydration of flours but did not change protein content or solubility. Farinograph water absorption increased for all flours after plasma treatment (from 56.5–61.1 before to 71.0–81.6%) and coincided with higher solvent retention capacity for water and sodium carbonate. Plasma treatment under our conditions was found to cause starch damage to the extent of 3.46–6.62% in all samples, explaining the higher solvent retention capacity for sodium carbonate. However, Farinograph properties were changed differently in each flour type: dough development time and stability time decreased for hard wheat and increased for soft wheat but remained unchanged in intermediate wheatgrass. GlutoPeak parameters were also affected differently: peak torque for intermediate wheatgrass increased from 32 to 39.5 GlutoPeak units but was not different for the other two flours. Soft wheat did not always aggregate after plasma treatment, i.e., did not aggregate within the measurement time. It was also the only flour where protein secondary structures were changed after plasma treatment, exhibiting an increase from 15.2 to 27.9% in β-turns and a decrease from 59.4 to 47.9% in β-sheets. While this could be indicative of a better hydrated gluten network, plasma-treated soft wheat was the only flour where viscoelastic properties were changed and extensibility decreased. Further research is warranted to elucidate molecular changes underlying these effects.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis for Solvent Retention Capacity in the Accessions Derived from Soft Wheat Ningmai 9

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Ping-Ping Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Hong-Xiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Solvent Retention ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Solvent Retention Capacity

Solvent retention capacity (SRC) test is an effective method for quality evaluation of soft wheat. Ningmai 9 is a founder in soft wheat breeding. The SRC and genotype of Ningmai 9 and its 117 derivatives were tested. Association mapping was employed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with SRCs. Ningmai 9 had the allele frequency of 75.60% and 67.81% to its first- and second-generation derivatives, respectively, indicating higher contribution than theoretical expectation. Neighbor-joining cluster based on the genotyping data showed that Ningmai 9 and most of its first-generation derivatives were clustered together, whereas its second-generation derivatives were found in another group. The variation coefficients of SRCs in the derivatives ranged from 5.35% to 8.63%. A total of 29 markers on 13 chromosomes of the genome were associated with the SRCs. There were 6 markers associated with more than one SRC or detected in two years. The results suggested that QTL controlling SRCs in Ningmai 9 might be different from other varieties. Markers Xgwm44, Xbarc126, Xwmc790, and Xgwm232 associated with SRCs in Ningmai 9 might be used for quality improvement in soft wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Zastosowanie metody SRC (Solvent Retention Capacity) do określania przydatności technologicznej mąki pszennej

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Bartosz Zimnicki ◽  
Sylwia Mildner-Szkudlarz ◽  
Radosław Spychaj ◽  
Mateusz Gutsche
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Solvent Retention ◽  
Solvent Retention Capacity

Celem opracowania było przedstawienie syntetycznej wiedzy o metodzie SRC (ang. Solvent Retention Capacity), z uwzględnianiem jej historii, dostępnych wariantów aparaturowych, zasad postępowania podczas wykonania oznaczenia oraz kierunków zastosowania. Metoda SRC została opracowana w połowie XX w. do oceny jakości mąki z pszenicy miękkiej (ang. soft wheat) pochodzącej z Ameryki Północnej. W publikacjach z XXI w. przedstawiono dane wskazujące na przydatność i szeroki zakres stosowania metody SRC także do oceny jakości mąki z klasycznej europejskiej pszenicy zwyczajnej (Triticum aestivum) oraz z mąk uzyskanych z innych zbóż, jak: jęczmień, owies, pszenżyto i żyto. Metoda SRC jest testem solwatacyjnym bazującym na ocenie zdolności pęcznienia składników mąki w środowisku wybranych roztworów. Zastosowanie w omawianej metodzie nie jednego, lecz trzech roztworów (rozcieńczonego wodnego roztworu węglanu sodu, stężonego wodnego roztworu sacharozy i rozcieńczonego wodnego roztworu kwasu mlekowego) oraz wody jest kluczowe dla oceny możliwości zastosowania mąki w poszczególnych procesach technologicznych. Wykorzystanie powinowactwa tych roztworów do głównych funkcjonalnych polimerów mąki pszennej, jakim są białka glutenowe, skrobia uszkodzona oraz pentozany, pozwala na określnie ich wpływu na właściwości mąki oraz na jakość produktów końcowych w technologii piekarskiej i ciastkarskiej. Metoda SRC umożliwia ocenę właściwości mąki, dokonanie doboru odmian czy metod uprawy, co ma istotne znaczenie w młynarstwie oraz w zakładach produkcyjnych, w których mąka pszenna jest podstawowym surowcem.

Fleece rot and body strike in Merino sheep. V. Heritability of liability to body strike in weaner sheep under flywave conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Raadsma
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Quasi Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Indicator Trait

The prevalence of body strike was monitored in 740 mixed sex weaner progeny from 43 sires, representing 15 different Merino genotypes. A flywave, characterized by a sudden onset in the prevalence of flystrike, occurred over a 2 month period which coincided with unseasonally high rainfall. A total of 190 strikes were treated in 176 sheep representing a strike rate of 25.7 strikes per 100 sheep and a prevalence of 23.8%. The majority of strikes (92.6%) were body strikes with 19.7% of all sheep affected. The heritability of susceptibility to body strike expressed as prevalence was 0.26�0.12 for both least squares (LS) and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures. The heritability of liability to body strike using quasi-maximum likelihood procedures and assuming a continuous underlying scale was 0.53 which agreed well with estimates from the LS and REML analysis after transformation (0.54�0. 25). Predicted genetic progress in the reduction of susceptibility to body strike was calculated for mass selection where the best 5% of rams and 60% of ewes were selected, with a starting prevalence of 20% body strike, assuming (a) an environment exposed to continuous flywaves, and (b) an environment with infrequent flywaves. After 20 years of direct selection the prevalence of body strike would be reduced to 7.2% and 16.1% for the two environments respectively. Indirect selection based on (c) a variable prevalence of fleece rot with a long term average of 30% and (d) fleece rot expressed at 80% would reduce the prevalence of body strike to 6% and less than 2% respectively. Indirect selection based on (e) a hypothetical indicator trait with a continous distribution, a high heritability (0.4) and a moderate genetic correlation with liability to body strike (0.4), would also reduce the prevalence of body strike to less than 2% after 20 years of selection.

scholarly journals Procurement Practices and the Municipality Auditing Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marques ◽  
Ana Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Audit Fee

In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of municipal auditing, exploring its several steps: procurement, decision on selection criteria, selection, render and payment of services, and opinion provided. Our setting is Portugal, where external auditing of municipalities’ accounts has recently been introduced. Our dataset is unique, resulting from merging new survey data with data that are not publicly available. We find that the majority of municipalities acquire auditing services through direct selection and choose their auditors based upon the lowest price selection criterion. However, municipalities which employ a more sophisticated procurement process, where political competition is lower and where citizens’ interest is higher, employ the lowest price selection criterion less frequently. The auditor selected is usually a firm (instead of an individual Certified Public Accounting [CPA]) but never one of the Big 4 companies. The audit fee paid for the auditing services is higher when the level of citizens’ interest increases, and lower when the municipality has an internal auditing office. Finally, when the auditor issues a qualified opinion, the auditor fee is also higher.

Association Analysis of Solvent Retention Capacity in Soft Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong ZHANG ◽  
Xiao ZHANG ◽  
Jie GUO ◽  
De-Rong GAO ◽  
Bo-Qiao ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Solvent Retention ◽  
Solvent Retention Capacity
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