Limitations to the measurement of intact melon total soluble solids using near infrared spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Long ◽  
Kerry B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Maturity

The imposition of a minimum total soluble solids (TSS) value as a quality standard for orange-flesh netted melon fruit (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) requires either a batch sampling procedure (i.e. the estimation of the mean and standard deviation of a population), or the individual assessment of fruit [e.g. using a non-destructive procedure such as near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy]. Several potential limitations to the NIR assessment of fruit, including the variation in TSS within fruit and the effect of fruit storage conditions on the robustness of calibration models, were considered in this study. Outer mesocarp TSS was 3 TSS units higher at the stylar end of the fruit compared with the stem end, and the TSS of inner mesocarp was higher than outer tissue and more uniform across spatial positions. The linear relationship between the outer 10 mm and the subsequent middle 10 mm of tissue varied with fruit maturity [e.g. 42 days before harvest (DBH), r 2 = 0.8; 13 DBH, r 2 = 0.4; 0 DBH, r 2 = 0.7], and with cultivars (at fruit maturity, Eastern Star 2001 r 2 = 0.88; Malibu 2001 r 2 = 0.59). This relationship notably affected NIR calibration performance (e.g. based on inner mesocarp TSS; R c 2 = 0.80, root mean standard error of cross-validation (RMSECV) = 0.65, and R c 2 = 0.41, RMSECV = 0.88 for mature Eastern Star and Malibu fruit, respectively). Cold storage of fruit (0–14 days at 5°C) did not affect NIR model performance. Model performance was equivalent when based on either that part of the fruit in contact with the ground or equatorial positions; however, it was improved when based on the stylar end of the fruit.

scholarly journals Application of visible-near infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the quality of button mushrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Giovenzana ◽  
Alessio Tugnolo ◽  
Andrea Casson ◽  
Riccardo Guidetti ◽  
Roberto Beghi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Reference Quality

The Agaricus bisporus mushroom is one of the most cultivated and consumed mushrooms in the world, thanks to its delicacy, nutritional value and flavour. The quality evaluation of the A. bisporus during the harvest is generally established by a visual check by trained operators. This method complies with the request of the Distribution Channel (DC) to retailers and guarantees very low physical damage to the mushrooms; nevertheless, it is subjective and it does not guarantee the highest quality standard for the consumer. The aim of this study was to test the use of visible/near infrared (vis/NIR) reflectance spectroscopy (400–1000 nm) to objectively evaluate the quality parameters of A. bisporus mushrooms. A total of 167 samples of A. bisporus mushrooms were harvested according to the main DC purchasing standards. The vis/NIR analyses were performed the day of sampling just before the physico-chemical analyses (sizes, firmness, soluble solids content and moisture content) used as reference quality parameters. The vis/NIR spectra were correlated to reference measures in order to build predictive models using the partial least squares regression method. Calculated models gave positive results regarding the prediction of the moisture content (r2(pred) = 0.78) and firmness (r2(pred) = 0.78). Results of this explorative study could be considered encouraging and demonstrate the applicability of vis/NIR spectroscopy on A. bisporus as a rapid technique (i) to monitor the productive process directly at the company, (ii) to standardize the harvest moment, and (iii) to support DC’s buyers’ choices, nowadays exclusively based on product external characteristics.

Detecting Bruise Damage and Level of Severity in Apples Using a Contactless NIR Spectrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-270
Author(s):  
Jean Frederic Isingizwe Nturambirwe ◽  
Helene H Nieuwoudt ◽  
Willem Jacobus Perold ◽  
Umezuruike Linus Opara
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Classification Models

HighlightsIn the Emission Head (EH) configuration differences in apple bruise severity were well captured.A good representation of new samples variability, in calibration, ensured robust quantitative PLS-DA models.EH mode with PLS-DA is an attractive spectroscopic option for inline apple sorting based on bruise damage. Abstract. Bruise damage in apples is very common and undesirable because it hinders consumer satisfaction and greatly contributes to food loss. Fast detection of bruise damage in fruit using spectroscopic systems is still problematic, especially in terms of quantitative and objective assessments of mechanical damage and standardization of bruise measurement method, among other issues. Non-destructive techniques among which is near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy are under development as a potential solution carrier for such issues. A study of bruise damage was conducted on three apple cultivars using Fourier transform (FT) near infrared spectroscopy in two configurations (‘emission head’ of Bruker’s Matrix-F and ‘integrating sphere’ of Bruker’s multipurpose analyzer, MPA). The emission head (EH) allows for contactless large sample (100 mm) exposure that simulates on-line applications, while the MPA (sample size: 22 mm) is commonly used for in-laboratory analysis of inhomogeneous material such as fruit. Bruise damages were mechanically induced in apples, bruise sizes measured physically and destructively. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to determine the differences captured by the scanning spectrometers in apple fruit tissues. Discriminant analysis revealed that in both sample acquisition modes, distinction between bruised and non-bruised apple fruit tissue was achieved with high (from 78% to 93%) accuracy of classification (ACcl) based solely on spectral data. The classification accuracy improved when individual cultivars were considered and ranged from 94% to 96%. Classification models were tested for robustness and showed that both cultivar and bruise severity had influence on classification models’ performance. The results showed ability of the emission head configuration in detecting bruises and differentiating between severity of bruises in apple fruit, thus making it a good candidate for use in rapid detection and quantitative assessment of bruising in apple on sorting lines. Possibilities for improving the classification model performance and ensuring their robustness for the EH were suggested. Keywords: Apple bruise, Discriminant analysis, Model performance, Model threshold, NIR spectroscopy.

Analysis of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild) Bark by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Schimleck ◽  
Y. Yazaki
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Black Wattle

Summary The analysis of two sets of Acacia mearnsii De Wild (Black Wattle) samples by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is reported. Set 1 samples were characterised in terms of hot water extractives, Stiasny value and polyflavanoid content. Set 2 samples were characterised by nine different parameters, including tannin content. NIR spectra were obtained from the milled bark of all samples and calibrations developed for each parameter. Calibrations developed for hot water extractives and polyflavanoid content (set 1) gave very good coefficients of determination (R2) and performed well in prediction. Set 2 calibrations were generally good with total and soluble solids, tannin content, Stiasny value-2 and UV-2, all having R2 greater than 0.8. Owing to the small number of set 2 samples, no predictions were made using the calibrations. The strong relationships obtained for many parameters in this study indicates that NIR spectroscopy has considerable potential for the rapid assessment of the quality of extractives in A. mearnsii bark.

scholarly journals Assessment of internal quality attributes of mandarin fruit. 2. NIR calibration model robustness

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Guthrie ◽  
D. J. Reid ◽  
K. B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Validation Population

The robustness of multivariate calibration models, based on near infrared spectroscopy, for the assessment of total soluble solids (TSS) and dry matter (DM) of intact mandarin fruit (Citrus reticulata cv. Imperial) was assessed. TSS calibration model performance was validated in terms of prediction of populations of fruit not in the original population (different harvest days from a single tree, different harvest localities, different harvest seasons). Of these, calibration performance was most affected by validation across seasons (signal to noise statistic on root mean squared error of prediction of 3.8, compared with 20 and 13 for locality and harvest day, respectively). Procedures for sample selection from the validation population for addition to the calibration population (‘model updating’) were considered for both TSS and DM models. Random selection from the validation group worked as well as more sophisticated selection procedures, with approximately 20 samples required. Models that were developed using samples at a range of temperatures were robust in validation for TSS and DM.

scholarly journals Investigation of Parameters That Affect the Acquired Near Infrared Diffuse Reflected Signals in Non-Destructive Soluble Solids Content Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Kim Seng Chia ◽  
Fan Wei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflection ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Geometrical Effects ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Non Destructive

Near infrared spectroscopy is a susceptible technique which can be affected by various factors including the surface of samples. According to the Lambertian reflection, the uneven and matte surface of fruits will provide Lambertian light or diffuse reflectance where the light enters the sample tissues and that uniformly reflects out in all orientations. Bunch of researches were carried out using near infrared diffuse reflection mode in non-destructive soluble solids content (SSC) prediction whereas fewer of them studying about the geometrical effects of uneven surface of samples. Thus, this study aims to investigate the parameters that affect the near infrared diffuse reflection signals in non-destructive SSC prediction using intact pineapples. The relationship among the reflectance intensity, measurement positions, and the SSC value was studied. Next, three independent artificial neural networks were separately trained to investigate the geometrical effects on three different measurement positions. Results show that the concave surface of top and bottom parts of pineapples would affect the reflectance of light and consequently deteriorate the predictive model performance. The predictive model of middle part of pineapples achieved the best performance, i.e. root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient of prediction (Rp) of 1.2104 °Brix and 0.7301 respectively.

scholarly journals Soluble Solids and Simple Sugars Measurement in Intact Mango Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Delwiche ◽  
Weena Mekwatanakarn ◽  
Chien Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Individual

A rapid, reliable, and nondestructive method for quality evaluation of mango (Magnifera indica) fruit is important to the mango industry for international trade. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict soluble solids content (SSC) and individual and combined concentrations of sucrose, glucose, and fructose nondestructively in mango. Mature mangoes at two different temperatures (15 °C and 20 °C) were measured by NIR interactance (750–1088 nm wavelength region analyzed) over an 11-day period, starting when the fruit were underripe and extending to a few days past optimal ripeness. Partial least squares regression was used to develop models for SSC, individual sugar concentration, and the sum of the concentrations of the three sugars. Such analyses yielded calibration equations with R2 = 0.77 to 0.88 (SSC), 0.75 (sucrose), 0.67 (glucose), 0.70 (fructose), and 0.82 (sum); standard error of calibration = 0.56 to 0.90 (SSC), 10.0 (sucrose), 0.9 (glucose), 4.5 (fructose), and 10.4 (sum); and standard error of cross-validation = 0.93 to 1.10 (SSC), 15.6 (sucrose), 1.4 (glucose), 6.9 (fructose), and 16.8 (sum). When the SSC calibration was applied to a separate validation set, the standard error of performance ranged from 0.94% to 1.72%. These results suggest that for assessment of mango ripeness, NIR SSC calibrations are superior to the NIR calibrations for any of the individual sugars. This nondestructive technology can be used in the screening and grading of mangoes and in quality evaluation at wholesale and retail levels.

scholarly journals Overall precision test of near infrared spectroscopy on mango fruits (Mangifera indica CV. ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’) by on-line and off-line systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Wachiraya Lekhawattana ◽  
Panmanas Sirisomboon
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Scanning ◽  
Brix Value ◽  
Precision Test

The near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy both on-line and off-line scanning was applied on mango fruits (Mangifera indica CV. ‘Nam dok mai- si Thong’) for the overall precision test. The reference parameter was total soluble solids content (Brix value). The results showed that the off-line scanning had a higher accuracy than on-line scanning. The scanning repeatability of the off-line and on-line systems were 0.00199 and 0.00993, respectively. The scanning reproducibility of the off-line and online systems were 0.00279 and 0.00513, respectively. The reference of measurement repeatability was 0.2. The maximum coefficient of determination (R2max) of the reference measurement was 0.894.

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