Physiology of abscisic acid (ABA) in roots under stress—a review of the relationship between root ABA and radial water and ABA flows

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Hartung ◽  
Daniela Schraut ◽  
Fan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Stress Signal ◽  
External Stresses

Abscisic acid (ABA), the universal plant stress hormone, is accumulated in roots subjected to a range of external stresses, including drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies. This accumulation is regulated by ABA-metabolism (biosynthesis and degradation), -recirculation, and -exudation. Stress ABA serves as a long-distance signal regulating the water relations of shoots (stomata, meristems) and roots (hydraulic conductivity, root development, desiccation tolerance). Endogenous ABA, radial water flows (JV), and radial ABA flows (JABA) are closely coupled. Here we described the relations between these processes that are crucial factors for the role of ABA as a stress hormone and a long-distance stress signal. Crop varieties with high ABA concentrations exhibit an intensified long distance ABA signalling that reduces water consumption and, in the case of grapevine, improves the quality of the berries.

scholarly journals Bioactive role of plant stress hormone methyl jasmonate against lipopolysaccharide induced arthritis

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e05432
Author(s):  
S.M. Gunjegaonkar ◽  
S.B. Wankhede ◽  
T.S. Shanmugarajan ◽  
S.D. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Hormone

scholarly journals The Emerging Roles of Diacylglycerol Kinase (DGK) in Plant Stress Tolerance, Growth, and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Idrice Carther Kue Foka ◽  
Toi Ketehouli ◽  
Yonggang Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Wei Li ◽  
Fa-Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
Diacylglycerol Kinase ◽  
Lipid Signaling ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
External Stresses

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is recognized as the key enzyme of the lipid signaling pathway, which involves the transduction of messages from hormones, neurotransmitters, and immunologic and growth factors. Regarding their essential role in animal physiology, many plant biologists have predicted a similar enzymatic influence in plants. However, a small number of recent studies have revealed the complexity of the involvement of DGK genes in the modulation of plant growth, development, and adaptation in both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Here, we describe recent discoveries on the role of DGK genes in the plants’ responses to biotic or abiotic stressors. Moreover, we discuss how DGK enzymes regulate plant cellular activities during the adaptation of plants to a readily changing environment. DGK is an enzyme that plays a pivotal role in plant lipid signaling, by catalyzing the phosphorylation of the diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA), which is a crucial molecule in a plant’s metabolic network, leading to its response to various external stresses. DGK enzymes are the principal moderators of PA generation in plant cells; this consequently affects its derived products—hence, enabling their activities in lipid signaling networks and cell homeostasis. Thus, understanding the DGK operational mode and interactions between the production and accumulation of PA would constitute a significant advancement in investigating the mechanism of stress adaptation in plants.

scholarly journals Regulation of abscisic acid metabolism in relation to the dormancy and germination of cereal grains

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Fidler ◽  
Edyta Zdunek-Zastocka ◽  
Wiesław Bielawski
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
Abscisic Acid Metabolism ◽  
And Function ◽  
Made In

Seed dormancy is of particular importance in the cultivation of cereals, as it directly affects the quality of crop yield. If the dormancy period is too short, this may lead to pre-harvest sprouting, whereas a dormancy period that is too long may cause uneven germination; both of these scenarios are associated with economic losses. Most enzymes engaged in the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA) have been identified, and significant progress has been made in understanding the role of this phytohormone in the induction and maintenance of dormancy, mainly as a result of research conducted in <em>Arabidopsis</em>. Much less is known about the metabolism and function of ABA in cereal grains, especially in relation to dormancy and germination. This review focuses on the regulation of ABA metabolism in dormant and non-dormant cereal grains, in both the dry state and upon imbibition. Moreover, this review describes the influence of factors such as after-ripening, light, temperature, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the dormancy and germination of cereal grains. These factors, with the exception of ROS, appear to affect the level of dormancy and germination of grains through regulation of ABA metabolism.

scholarly journals Exogenous Abscisic Acid Priming Modulates Water Relation Responses of Two Tomato Genotypes With Contrasting Endogenous Abscisic Acid Levels to Progressive Soil Drying Under Elevated CO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglan Li ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Water Relation ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Aba Metabolism

Plants have evolved multiple strategies to survive and adapt when confronting the changing climate, including elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) and intensified drought stress. To explore the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in modulating the response of plant water relation characteristics to progressive drought under ambient (a[CO2], 400 ppm) and e[CO2] (800 ppm) growth environments, two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, Ailsa Craig (AC) and its ABA-deficient mutant (flacca), were grown in pots, treated with or without exogenous ABA, and exposed to progressive soil drying until all plant available water in the pot was depleted. The results showed that exogenous ABA application improved leaf water potential, osmotic potential, and leaf turgor and increased leaf ABA concentrations ([ABA]leaf) in AC and flacca. In both genotypes, exogenous ABA application decreased stomatal pore aperture and stomatal conductance (gs), though these effects were less pronounced in e[CO2]-grown AC and gs of ABA-treated flacca was gradually increased until a soil water threshold after which gs started to decline. In addition, ABA-treated flacca showed a partly restored stomatal drought response even when the accumulation of [ABA]leaf was vanished, implying [ABA]leaf might be not directly responsible for the decreased gs. During soil drying, [ABA]leaf remained higher in e[CO2]-grown plants compared with those under a[CO2], and a high xylem sap ABA concentration was also noticed in the ABA-treated flacca especially under e[CO2], suggesting that e[CO2] might exert an effect on ABA degradation and/or redistribution. Collectively, a fine-tune ABA homeostasis under combined e[CO2] and drought stress allowed plants to optimize leaf gas exchange and plant water relations, yet more detailed research regarding ABA metabolism is still needed to fully explore the role of ABA in mediating plant physiological response to future drier and CO2-enriched climate.

Abscisic acid and the control of seed dormancy and germination

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masanori Okamoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Tatematsu ◽  
Ryoichi Yano ◽  
Mitsunori Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that regulates seed dormancy and germination. Seeds undergo changes in both ABA content and sensitivity during seed development and germination in response to internal and external cues. Recent advances in functional genomics have revealed the integral components involved in ABA metabolism (biosynthesis and catabolism) and perception, the core signalling pathway, as well as the factors that trigger ABA-mediated transcription. These allow for comparative studies to be conducted on seeds under different environmental conditions and from different genetic backgrounds. This review summarizes our understanding of the control of ABA content and the responsiveness of seeds to afterripening, light, high temperature and nitrate, with a focus on which tissues are involved in its metabolism and signalling. Also described are the regulators of ABA metabolism and signalling, which potentially act as the node for hormone crosstalk. Integration of such knowledge into the complex and diverse events occurring during seed germination will be the next challenge, which will allow for a clearer understanding of the role of ABA.

scholarly journals Expression of a glucomannan mannosyltransferase gene (GMMT) from Aloe vera is induced by water deficit and abscisic acid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Salinas ◽  
Carlos Salinas ◽  
Rodrigo A. Contreras ◽  
Gustavo E. Zuñiga ◽  
Paul Dupree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Exogenous Aba

HighlightGMMT (a possible CSLA9) from Aloe vera is upregulated during water stress. Aloe vera GMMT expression is also induced by exogenous application of the plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in non-water-stressed plants.SummaryIn Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera), a xerophytic crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, the main polysaccharide of the gel present in the leaves is an acetylated glucomannan named acemannan. This polysaccharide is responsible for the plant succulence, helping it to retain water. In this study we determined using polysaccharide analysis by carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) that the acemannan is a glucomannan without galactose side branches. We also investigated the expression of the gene responsible for acemannan backbone synthesis, encoding a glucomannan mannosyltransferase (GMMT). It was found by in silico analyses that the GMMT gene belongs to the cellulose synthase like A type-9 (CSLA9) subfamily. Using RT-qPCR it was found that the expression of GMMT increased in Aloe vera plants subjected to water stress. This expression correlates with an increase of endogenous ABA levels, suggesting that the gene expression could be regulated by ABA. To corroborate this hypothesis, exogenous ABA was applied to non-water-stressed plants, increasing the expression of GMMT significantly 48 h after ABA treatment.

scholarly journals PHYTHORMONES AND ABIOTIC STRESS (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Vasilievna Chumikina ◽  
Lidiya Ivanovna Arabova ◽  
Valentina Vasil'yevna Kolpakova ◽  
Aleksey Fedorovich Topunov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Gene Switching

Plants experience a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that cause crop losses worldwide. Preventing crop losses due to these factors is of particular importance. For this, it is important to understand the mechanisms of both suppressing and stimulating seed germination and to develop technologies for controlling seed dormancy and development in order to avoid unwanted germination in the ears. Gene switching technologies can be used to address this and similar problems in seed development. Recent studies have shown that classical phytohormones - auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellins - control all stages of plant ontogenesis. In addition to the classic phytohormones, there are relatively new ones - brassinosteroids, jasmonates, strigolactones, salicylates, which deserve consideration in a separate review. Together, these compounds are important metabolic engineering targets for the production of stress-resistant crops. In this review, we have summarized the role of phytohormones in plant development and resistance to abiotic stresses. Experimental data were presented on the transport of phytohormones, the interaction between them, as a result of which the activity of a certain hormone can be either enhanced or suppressed. We have identified the main links of phytohormones with an emphasis on the response of plants to abiotic stresses and have shown that the effect of an individual hormone depends on the ratio with other phytohormones and metabolites. Additional research along these lines will help explain different stress responses and provide tools to improve plant stress tolerance.

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