scholarly journals Assessment of internal quality attributes of mandarin fruit. 1. NIR calibration model development

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Guthrie ◽  
K. B. Walsh ◽  
D. J. Reid ◽  
C. J. Liebenberg
Keyword(s):  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Equatorial Position ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Partial Least Squares Model

The utility of near infrared spectroscopy as a non-invasive technique for the assessment of internal eating quality parameters of mandarin fruit (Citrus reticulata cv. Imperial) was assessed. The calibration procedure for the attributes of TSS (total soluble solids) and DM (dry matter) was optimised with respect to a reference sampling technique, scan averaging, spectral window, data pre-treatment (in terms of derivative treatment and scatter correction routine) and regression procedure. The recommended procedure involved sampling of an equatorial position on the fruit with 1 scan per spectrum, and modified partial least squares model development on a 720–950-nm window, pre-treated as first derivative absorbance data (gap size of 4 data points) with standard normal variance and detrend scatter correction. Calibration model performance for the attributes of TSS and DM content was encouraging (typical Rc2 of >0.75 and 0.90, respectively; typical root mean squared standard error of calibration of <0.4 and 0.6%, respectively), whereas that for juiciness and total acidity was unacceptable. The robustness of the TSS and DM calibrations across new populations of fruit is documented in a companion study.

scholarly journals NIR model development and robustness in prediction of melon fruit total soluble solids

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Guthrie ◽  
C. J. Liebenberg ◽  
K. B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Spectral Window ◽  
Total Soluble Solids

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used for the on-line, non-invasive assessment of fruit for eating quality attributes such as total soluble solids (TSS). The robustness of multivariate calibration models, based on NIRS in a partial transmittance optical geometry, for the assessment of TSS of intact rockmelons (Cucumis melo) was assessed. The mesocarp TSS was highest around the fruit equator and increased towards the seed cavity. Inner mesocarp TSS levels decreased towards both the proximal and distal ends of the fruit, but more so towards the proximal end. The equatorial region of the fruit was chosen as representative of the fruit for near infrared assessment of TSS. The spectral window for model development was optimised at 695–1045 nm, and the data pre-treatment procedure was optimised to second-derivative absorbance without scatter correction. The ‘global’ modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression modelling procedure of WINISI (ver. 1.04) was found to be superior with respect to root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for model predictions of TSS across seasons, compared with the ‘local’ MPLS regression procedure. Updating of the model with samples selected randomly from the independent validation population demonstrated improvement in both RMSEP and bias with addition of approximately 15 samples.

scholarly journals Assessment of internal quality attributes of mandarin fruit. 2. NIR calibration model robustness

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Guthrie ◽  
D. J. Reid ◽  
K. B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Validation Population

The robustness of multivariate calibration models, based on near infrared spectroscopy, for the assessment of total soluble solids (TSS) and dry matter (DM) of intact mandarin fruit (Citrus reticulata cv. Imperial) was assessed. TSS calibration model performance was validated in terms of prediction of populations of fruit not in the original population (different harvest days from a single tree, different harvest localities, different harvest seasons). Of these, calibration performance was most affected by validation across seasons (signal to noise statistic on root mean squared error of prediction of 3.8, compared with 20 and 13 for locality and harvest day, respectively). Procedures for sample selection from the validation population for addition to the calibration population (‘model updating’) were considered for both TSS and DM models. Random selection from the validation group worked as well as more sophisticated selection procedures, with approximately 20 samples required. Models that were developed using samples at a range of temperatures were robust in validation for TSS and DM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Late-Maturing Peach and Nectarine Fruit Quality by Chemical, Physical, and Sensory Determinations

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farina ◽  
Lo Bianco ◽  
Mazzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Color Uniformity

In this work, both analytical and sensory determinations were carried out to evaluate the quality of yellow (‘Summerset‘, ‘Tardiva 2000‘, ‘Fairtime”, ‘Guglielmina’) and white flesh (‘Daniela’) late-ripening peach and nectarine (‘California’ and ‘Fairlane’) cultivars. Analytical measurements included weight, diameter, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, pH, and peel color. To describe and quantify the peach and nectarine sensory profile, a panel of 10 judges generated 15 descriptors. According to univariate analysis of fruit quality attributes, ‘Fairtime’, ‘Summerset, ‘Daniela’, and ‘California’ produced large and attractive fruits with an extensive red peel color. On the other hand, ‘Guglielmina’, ‘Daniela’, ‘Tardiva 2000’, and ‘Fairlane’ produced superior quality fruit in terms of soluble solids, titratable acidity, sweetness, and flavor. The white flesh peach ‘Daniela’ produced fruits with the best balance between external and internal quality. Cluster analysis on standardized component coordinates from biplot analysis allowed for the identification of two main groups. One group included ‘Daniela’, ‘Guglielmin’, ‘Tardiva 2000’, and ‘Fairlane’, along with attributes that are more indicative of ripe fruit such as soluble solids, sweetness, sugar/acid, juiciness, ground color index, peel color uniformity, flesh color intensity, mealiness, peach odor and flavor, and flower odor and flavor. The other group included ‘Summerset’, ‘Fairtime’, and ‘California’ along with weight, diameter, consistency, flesh firmness, percentage of cover color, bitterness, titratable acidity, sour odor and flavor, and grassy odor and flavor. The dual approach adopted in this study indicates that cultivars with large and attractive fruits are often lacking real eating quality. This poses serious doubts on the real value of exterior appearance for recognizing high-quality peaches and nectarines.

Calibration Transfer between Miniature Photodiode Array-Based Spectrometers in the near Infrared Assessment of Mandarin Soluble Solids Content

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Greensill ◽  
K.B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Calibration Transfer ◽  
Orthogonal Signal Correction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Direct Standardisation

The transfer of predictive models among photodiode array based, short wave near infrared spectrometers using the same illumination/detection optical geometry has been attempted using various chemometric techniques, including slope and bias correction (SBC), direct standardisation (DS), piecewise direct standardisation (PDS), double window PDS (DWPDS), orthogonal signal correction (OSC), finite impulse transform (FIR) and wavelet transform (WT). Additionally, an interpolation and photometric response correction method, a wavelength selection method and a model updating method were assessed. Calibration transfer was attempted across two populations of mandarin fruit. Model performance was compared in terms of root mean squared error of prediction ( RMSEP), using Fearn's significance testing, for calibration transfer (standardisation) between pairs of spectrometers from a group of four spectrometers. For example, when a calibration model (Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation [ RMSECV = 0.26% soluble solid content (SSC)], developed on one spectrometer, was used with spectral data collected on another spectrometer, a poor prediction resulted ( RMSEP = 2.5% SSC). A modified WT method performed significantly better (e.g. RMSEP = 0.25% SSC) than all other standardisation methods (10 of 12 cases), and almost on a par with model updating (MU) (nine cases with no significant difference, one case and two cases significantly better for WT and MU, respectively).

Development of a New Measurement Unit (MilkSpec-1) for Rapid Determination of Fat, Lactose, and Protein in Raw Milk Using Near-Infrared Transmittance Spectroscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ah Woo ◽  
Yoko Terazawa ◽  
Jie Yu Chen ◽  
Chie Iyo ◽  
Fuminori Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Transmittance Spectra ◽  
Infrared Transmittance

A new measurement unit, the MilkSpec-1, has been developed to determine rapidly and nondestructively the content of fat, lactose, and protein in raw milk using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy. The spectral range over 700 to 1100 nm was used. This unit was designed for general glass test tubes, 12 mm in diameter and 10 mL in volume. Al2O3 with a thickness of 2.5 mm was found to be optimum as a reference for acquiring the milk spectrum for this measurement. The NIR transmittance spectra of milk were acquired from raw milk samples without homogenization. The calibration model was developed and predicted by using a partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm. In order to reduce the scattering effect due to fat globules and casein micelles in NIR transmittance spectra, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and/or second derivative treatment were performed. MSC treatment proved to be useful for the development of calibration models for fat and protein. This study resulted in low standard errors of prediction (SEP), with 0.06, 0.10, and 0.10% for fat, lactose, and protein, respectively. It is shown that accurate, rapid, and nondestructive determination of milk composition could be successfully performed by using the MilkSpec-1, presenting the potential use of this method for real-time on-line monitoring in a milking process.

Prediction of Soluble Solids Content and Post-Storage Internal Quality of Bulida Apricots Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marena Manley ◽  
Elizabeth Joubert ◽  
Lindie Myburgh ◽  
Ester Lotz ◽  
Martin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Solids Content

The development of internal breakdown of South African Bulida apricots during cold storage, rendering the fruit unsuitable for canning, causes significant post-harvest losses. Regression models to predict internal post-storage quality using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate classification techniques were developed using NIR spectra of the intact fruit collected prior to storage and subjective quality evaluations performed after a cold storage period of four weeks. A correct classification rate of 69% was obtained using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) compared to 50% obtained by soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA). NIR regression models developed for soluble solids content (SSC) of intact fruit as well as for direct NIR measurements on the exposed fruit tissue gave similar results, thus confirming sufficient NIR light penetration into the intact fruit. The best prediction results were obtained when two spectral measurements per fruit (one on each half of the fruit), compared to single measurements, were used.

scholarly journals Uninformative Biological Variability Elimination in Apple Soluble Solids Content Inspection by Using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis and Wavelength Selection Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Baohua Zhang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Baoxing Gu ◽  
Guangzhao Tian
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Wavelength Selection ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Solids Content

Uninformative biological variability elimination methods were studied in the near-infrared calibration model for predicting the soluble solids content of apples. Four different preprocessing methods, namely, Savitzky-Golay smoothing, multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate, and mean normalization, as well as their combinations were conducted on raw Fourier transform near-infrared spectra to eliminate the uninformative biological variability. Subsequently, robust calibration models were established by using partial least squares regression analysis and wavelength selection algorithms. Results indicated that the partial least squares calibration models with characteristic variables selected by CARS method coupled with preprocessing of Savitzky-Golay smoothing and multiplicative scatter correction had a considerable potential for predicting apple soluble solids content regardless of the biological variability.

scholarly journals Time-of-flight Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Nondestructive Measurement of Internal Quality in Grapefruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Kurata ◽  
Tomoe Tsuchida ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Time Resolved

We proposed a technique combining time-of-flight (TOF) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), termed TOF-NIRS, capable of measuring the time-resolved profiles of near-infrared (NIR) light with nanosecond resolution. Analysis of the variation in time-resolved profiles was used to estimate soluble solids concentration (SSC) and acidity in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), and the prediction accuracy was compared with the conventional NIR measurement device. In data processing, the cross-correlation function, which evaluated the similarity between the reference and transmitted beams, was introduced as an explanatory variable for partial least squares regression. TOF-NIRS predicted both SSC and acidity in grapefruit with higher precision than the conventional NIR measurement with respective r values of 0.72 and 0.85. Specifically, the superiority of TOF-NIRS was attributed to measurement time and prediction accuracy in determining acidity.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Quality Screening of Green Tomatoes Using Ethylene Gas

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 641b-641
Author(s):  
F. Maul ◽  
S.A. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Solids Content

The effects of prolonged ethylene exposure on external and internal quality parameters of tomato fruits were studied in order to explore the feasibility of its use as a nondestructive technique for screening immature and inferior quality fruit. `Agriset' and `CPT-5' tomatoes were hand harvested at Stage 1 (green) and held at 20°C and 50 ppm ethylene for 1-7 days. Each 24 hours, fruits reaching Stage 2 (breaker) were removed from C2H4 and transferred to 20°C air for subsequent ripening. Tomatoes were considered at edible maturity upon reaching full red-ripe stage and 4 mm deformation and final quality parameters were determined. For both cultivars, fruits which required prolonged C2H4 exposure to reach Stage 2 had lower overall visual appearance. `Agriset' tomatoes which required short exposure times to C2H4 (1 to 3 days) had somewhat higher quality than those requiring prolonged times (4 or 5 days). Days to reach edible maturity were 9.5 and 7.7, respectively. For the short exposure times, peel color was more intense (higher chroma value), while soluble solids content and total sugars were significantly higher (P = 0.05). Quality of `CPT-5' tomatoes was not adversely affected until requiring 6 or 7 days exposure to C2H4. Days to reach edible maturity decreased from an average of 12.5 to 11.0 for 1 to 5 or for 6 to 7 days exposure, respectively. For fruits requiring 7 days exposure, soluble solids content, total sugars and pH were significantly higher than for those reaching Stage 2 in fewer days. There were no significant differences in titratable acidity or ascorbic acid content for either cultivar.

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