Effects of salt stress on growth, nodulation, and nitrogen and carbon fixation of ten genetically diverse lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Singh ◽  
Binod Kumar Singh ◽  
Jitender Kumar ◽  
Shyam Singh Yadav ◽  
K. Usha
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Nodulation Capacity ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

Salinity is one of the major environmental constraints affecting agriculture in major regions of the world. It is known to depress greatly the growth and symbiotic performance of nodulated legumes. In the present study conducted over 2 rabi (dry) seasons, 2000–01 and 2001–02, 10 genetically diverse chickpea lines were compared for salt tolerance in terms of growth, nodulation, moisture content, and nodule nitrogen and carbon fixation. Chickpea lines were raised in an open-air chamber in soil supplied with 0, 50, 75, and 100 mm NaCl. The shoot, root, and the single-plant weight declined with increasing level of salt. Chickpea lines BG-1075 (desi type) and BGD-70 (Kabuli type) showed better plant growth than the former 2 lines but were poorer in nodulation under salt stress. An almost identical pattern of salt response was observed for nodule number, weight per nodule, nitrogen, and carbon fixation among the chickpea lines. No distinct relationship was found among root/shoot ratio, plant moisture content, and salt tolerance response of the chickpea. However, nodulation capacity (number and mass) under salt stress was related to salt tolerance response of chickpea lines. This trait could be used for improvement of salt tolerance of this legume species in order to increase its productivity and stability in saline soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Hardening to drought Tolerance on the Moisture Content of Sunflower Plant. III. Moisture Percentage in Whole Plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-894
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Moisture Percentage ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

The study was conducted during spring seasons of 2000 and 2001.The aim was to study the changes in the moisture content of sunflower plants during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance .Agricultural practices were made according to recommendation. Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications. The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available water. The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments: Control (unsoaked), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron meter. Results indicated that plant moisture content was not affected by irrigation treatments in both seasons and as a mean of seasons ,except after 72 days from planting in the season 2000.when stress 800 Kp caused a decreased in moisture content by 4.55and 5.18% compared with full irrigation and stress 600 Kp, respectively. Euroflor was superior over Flame after 30 days from planting by 13.64% in the season of 2000 and by 6.23% as a mean of seasons , and by 2.80% after 86 days from planting in the season of 2001.While Flame was superior by 2.75% after 58 days from planting in the season of 2001. Soaking in water , paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased plant moisture content by 4.56,3.92 and 3.82% after 86 days from planting in the season 2000 , soaking in water and paclobutrazol solution increased plant moisture content by 2.61 and 2.62% as amean of seasons compared with unsoaked treatment. In conclusion, soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulators could improve water relations of plants , and increase moisture content in plants tissues especially during flowering and seed filling , when the water requirements increased and associated with high temperature in spring season in Iraq.

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WHOLE-PLANT MOISTURE, GRAIN MOISTURE, DRY MATTER YIELD, AND QUALITY OF WHOLE-PLANT CORN SILAGE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. DAYNARD ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

Identical experiments were conducted at the Elora Research Station, near Guelph, Ontario in 1970 and 1971 with the objective of determining the relationships among whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield, whole-plant moisture content, and grain moisture content of corn (Zea mays L.) during the later part of the growing season. Each experiment involved eight commercial hybrids representative of the range in maturity, endosperm type, lodging resistance, and grain yield potential of corn hybrids grown commercially in central Ontario. The hybrids were sampled at weekly intervals over an 8-wk period beginning approximately 1 September; the sampled plants were divided into their leaf, stalk, husk, ear and grain components and oven-dried. Fresh and dry weights were used to calculate dry matter (DM) yields and "at harvest" moisture contents of the various components, and of the entire plant. Averaged across the eight hybrids, maximum DM yield was attained at whole-plant moisture content of 66–70%, and a grain moisture content of 45–50%. Among hybrids, 66% whole-plant moisture corresponded to a range in grain moisture content from 41 to 47%. Two additional experiments were grown also at Elora in 1970 and 1971 to evaluate the effects of harvest date on the DM yield and in vitro digestibility of corn plants and their component plant parts. Each experiment involved four representative commercial hybrids which were sampled at four equal time intervals during the month of September, and divided into grain, cob, husks (including shank) and stover (including leaves, leaf sheaths, stalks and tassels) for dry weight and in vitro digestibility measurement. Whole-plant DM digestibility was essentially constant over a range of whole-plant moisture from 76 to 56% in 1970, and from 76 to 64% in 1971. The consistency of whole-plant digestibility was the result of compensating changes in component yield and digestibility. A decrease in the digestibility of the stover, husks and cob with delayed harvest was compensated for by an increase in the proportion of grain in the whole-plant yield.

Assessing ignition probability and moisture of extinction in a Mediterranean grass fuel

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
I. D. Mitsopoulos ◽  
K. Gatoulas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content ◽  
Fuel Moisture Content

The objective of this study was the assessment of the probability of ignition and moisture of extinction of the annual herbaceous species Slender Oat (Avena barbata Pott. ex Link) in Greece. Multiple ignition tests were conducted in situ with a drip torch during two fire seasons, with simultaneous monitoring of the weather conditions. Stepwise logistic regression was applied to assess the probability of ignition based on plant moisture content and meteorological parameters. Fuel moisture content was determined to be the only statistically significant (P < 0.0001) parameter and, therefore, it was the only variable kept in the analysis. The logistic model correctly predicted fire ignition in 93.6% of the tests and 50% ignition probability was determined at 38.5% oven-dried weight (ODW) plant moisture content. Moisture of extinction (i.e. probability of ignition at 1%) was calculated at 55.5% ODW. Furthermore, classification tree analysis was applied to determine the independent variables that explain the variability in ignition probability. Wind speed was found to have an effect on ignition probability only at relatively high (>30% ODW) fuel moisture contents. Assessment of the ignition potential and moisture of extinction of grass fuels is a prerequisite for reliable fire danger prediction.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling identifies candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Nong Cui ◽  
Fang-Zhen Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hang Yang ◽  
Jian-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background: Pugionium cornutum is a xerophytic plant that primarily adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl-) for osmoregulation, improving its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and maintaining high photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency, but the associated molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Results: Here, we present an analysis of gene responses to salt stress based on the transcriptome of P. cornutum exposed to 50 mM NaCl treatment. The data revealed that, after NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, the transcript levels of multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl- accumulation and NO3- homeostasis such as SLAH1, CLCg, CCC1, and NPF6.4, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable to enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the plant uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which should be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cell metabolism. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots after salt treatment, possibly resulting in a high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum. Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes probably regulating the abovementioned processes were found. Conclusion: Candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified, which lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism of the xerophytes adapting to harsh environments.

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.) for Detecting Salt Tolerance Based on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics, Ion Accumulation and Genetic Variability at Early Vegetative Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
Md Al Samsul Huqe ◽  
Md Sabibul Haque ◽  
Ashaduzzaman Sagar ◽  
Md Nesar Uddin ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Increasing soil salinity due to global warming severely restricts crop growth and yield. To select and recommend salt-tolerant cultivars, extensive genotypic screening and examination of plants’ morpho-physiological responses to salt stress are required. In this study, 18 prescreened maize hybrid cultivars were examined at the early growth stage under a hydroponic system using multivariate analysis to demonstrate the genotypic and phenotypic variations of the selected cultivars under salt stress. The seedlings of all maize cultivars were evaluated with two salt levels: control (without NaCl) and salt stress (12 dS m−1 simulated with NaCl) for 28 d. A total of 18 morpho-physiological and ion accumulation traits were dissected using multivariate analysis, and salt tolerance index (STI) values of the examined traits were evaluated for grouping of cultivars into salt-tolerant and -sensitive groups. Salt stress significantly declined all measured traits except root–shoot ratio (RSR), while the cultivars responded differently. The cultivars were grouped into three clusters and the cultivars in Cluster-1 such as Prabhat, UniGreen NK41, Bisco 51, UniGreen UB100, Bharati 981 and Star Beej 7Star exhibited salt tolerance to a greater extent, accounting for higher STI in comparison to other cultivars grouped in Cluster-2 and Cluster-3. The high heritability (h2bs, >60%) and genetic advance (GAM, >20%) were recorded in 13 measured traits, indicating considerable genetic variations present in these traits. Therefore, using multivariate analysis based on the measured traits, six hybrid maize cultivars were selected as salt-tolerant and some traits such as Total Fresh Weight (TFW), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Total Na+, Total K+ contents and K+–Na+ Ratio could be effectively used for the selection criteria evaluating salt-tolerant maize genotypes at the early seedling stage.

scholarly journals An ABA Functional Analogue B2 Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Inducing the Root Elongation and Reducing Peroxidation Damage in Maize Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12986
Author(s):  
Shiying Geng ◽  
Zhaobin Ren ◽  
Lijun Liang ◽  
Yumei Zhang ◽  
Zhaohu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

Salt stress negatively affects maize growth and yield. Application of plant growth regulator is an effective way to improve crop salt tolerance, therefore reducing yield loss by salt stress. Here, we used a novel plant growth regulator B2, which is a functional analogue of ABA. With the aim to determine whether B2 alleviates salt stress on maize, we studied its function under hydroponic conditions. When the second leaf was fully developed, it was pretreated with 100 µM ABA, 0.01 µM B2, 0.1 µM B2, and 1 µM B2, independently. After 5 days treatment, NaCl was added into the nutrient solution for salt stress. Our results showed that B2 could enhance salt tolerance in maize, especially when the concentration was 1.0 µMol·L−1. Exogenous application of B2 significantly enhanced root growth, and the root/shoot ratio increased by 7.6% after 6 days treatment under salt stress. Compared with control, the ABA level also decreased by 31% after 6 days, which might have resulted in the root development. What is more, B2 maintained higher photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves under salt stress conditions and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the generation rate of reactive oxygen species by 16.48%. On the other hand, B2 can enhance its water absorption ability by increasing the expression of aquaporin genes ZmPIP1-1 and ZmPIP1-5. In conclusion, the novel plant growth regulator B2 can effectively improve the salt tolerance in maize.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling identifies candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Nong Cui ◽  
Fang-Zhen Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hang Yang ◽  
Jian-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Genes Encoding

Abstract Background: Pugionium cornutum is a xerophytic plant that primarily adapts to salt stress by accumulating inorganic ions (e.g., Cl - ) for osmoregulation, improving its reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and maintaining high photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency, but the associated molecular mechanisms still remain unclear. Results : Here, we present an analysis of gene responses to salt stress based on the transcriptome of P. cornutum exposed to 50 mM NaCl treatment. The data revealed that, after NaCl treatment for 6 or 24 h, the transcript levels of multiple genes encoding proteins facilitating Cl - accumulation and NO 3 - homeostasis such as SLAH1, CLCg, CCC1, and NPF6.4, as well as the transport of other major inorganic osmoticums were significantly upregulated in roots and shoots, which should be favorable to enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity and maintaining the plant uptake and transport of nutrient elements; a large number of genes related to ROS-scavenging pathways were also significantly upregulated, which should be beneficial for mitigating salt-induced oxidative damage to the cell metabolism. Meanwhile, many genes encoding components of the photosynthetic electron transport and carbon fixation enzymes were significantly upregulated in shoots after salt treatment, possibly resulting in a high carbon assimilation efficiency in P. cornutum . Additionally, numerous salt-inducible transcription factor genes probably regulating the abovementioned processes were found. Conclusion : Candidate genes involved in salt tolerance of P. cornutum were identified, which lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular mechanism of the xerophytes adapting to harsh environments.

scholarly journals Physiological Response and Proteomics Analysis of Reaumuria soongorica Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipeng Yan ◽  
Peifang Chong ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Hongmei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Reaumuria Soongorica ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Low Salt

Abstract Soil salinity can severely restrict plant growth. Yet Reaumuria soongorica can tolerate salinity well. However, large-scale proteomic studies of this plant’s salinity response have yet to reported. Here, R. soongorica seedlings (4 months old) were used in an experiment where NaCl solutions simulated levels of soil salinity stress. The fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, leaf relative conductivity, proline content, and total leaf area of R. soongorica under CK (0 mM NaCl), low (200 mM NaCl), and high (500 mM NaCl) salt stress were determined. The results showed that the proline content of leaves was negatively correlated with salt concentration. With greater salinity, the plant fresh weight, root/shoot ratio, and total leaf area increased initially but then decreased, and vice-versa for the relative electrical conductivity of leaves. Using iTRAQ proteomic sequencing, 47, 177, 136 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in low-salt vs. CK, high-salt vs. control, and high-salt vs. low-salt comparisons, respectively. A total of 72 DEPs were further screened from the groups, of which, 34 DEPs increased and 38 DEPs decreased in abundance. These DEPs are mainly involved in translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis. Finally, 21 key DEPs (SCORE value ≥ 60 point) were identified as potential targets for salt tolerance of R. soongolica. By comparing the protein structure of treated vs. CK leaves under salt stress, we revealed the key candidate genes underpinning R. soongolica’s salt tolerance ability. This works provides fresh insight into its physiological adaptation strategy and molecular regulatory network, and a molecular basis enhancing breeding, under salt stress conditions.

scholarly journals CRITICAL TISSUE MOISTURE LEVELS NEEDED FOR MAINTENANCE OF ROSE PLANT VIABILITY.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 863f-863
Author(s):  
H. Brent Pemberton ◽  
William E. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

Field grown `Mr. Lincoln' rose plants were dug and wrapped in plastic to reduce moisture loss during transport to the lab. Plants were then pruned, weighed, and returned to the plastic cover. After recording initial weights, plants were allowed to dry for 0, 1, 4, 7, or 24 hours at 16°C. Plants were then oven dried, potted, or soaked in water for 20 hours before potting for each drying time treatment. The potted plants were forced to first flower in a glasshouse at which time growth measurements were made. Undried plants had a moisture content of 48%. Seven hours drying reduced moisture content to 41%, but had no effect on growth or flowering. The 24 hour drying time resulted in a plant moisture content of 33%, a plant loss of 44%, and delayed growth initiation and flowering by up to 15 days compared to undried controls. Soaking after 24 hours drying increased plant survival from 38 to 75%. Plants that survived the excessive drying produced flowering growth comparable to plants with a moisture content of > 40%. A critical moisture level for rose plant survival was found to be between 33 and 41%.

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