Impact of short-term exposure to cold night temperatures on early development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Bange ◽  
S. P. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Cold Night ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Regression analysis of field data has indicated that minimum daily temperatures below 11°C delay the development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings beyond what would be expected based on the accumulated degree-day sum. In Australian cotton production systems, events where the minimum daily temperature falls below this value are referred to as ‘cold shocks’. The number of cold shocks is used by growers and advisors in assessing retardation of crops in their areas. However, this effect has not been tested explicitly. The aim of this work was to empirically assess effects of cold shock on pre-flower development of cotton plants. Cotton seedlings were grown in controlled-temperature glasshouses. Plants were transferred to cold chambers ranging from 5 to 22°C during the night period for durations from 3 to 10 days. Negative effects were not seen until plants had been exposed to at least 10 nights at 10°C, or for at least 5 nights at 5°C. When differences were generated it did not delay development to first square any more than 4 days, nor was the effect consistent. These differences translated into delays to first flower, but had little effect on plant morphology, or on dry weight measured soon after flowering. In one experiment, a significant reduction in leaf photosynthesis was measured at two times of day on the day after cold shock at 5°C. Improving understanding of the effects of temperature extremes on cotton growth and development will help in developing more functional decision-support tools and field management strategies.

scholarly journals SKRINING GALUR KAPAS (Gossypium hirsutum L.) TOLERAN TERHADAP KEKERINGAN DENGAN PEG-6000 PADA FASE KECAMBAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIWI SUMARTINI ◽  
EMY SULISTYOWATI ◽  
SRI MULYANI ◽  
ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Drought Susceptibility Index ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Susceptibility Index

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Daerah pengembangan kapas di Indonesia umumnya lahan kering<br />dengan keterbatasan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur-<br />galur kapas toleran kekeringan menggunakan PEG-6000 pada fase<br />kecambah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Benih Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, mulai bulan April sampai Juni<br />2012. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan Petak Terbagi dan diulang dua<br />kali. Petak utama adalah perlakuan PEG-6000 (-3 bar) dan tanpa PEG-<br />6000 (air), sedangkan anak petak adalah 13 galur kapas dan varietas<br />Kanesia 14. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari lima pot masing-masing ditanam<br />sepuluh biji. Benih kapas dicampur dengan fungisida Mancozeb 80% 2<br />g/kg benih sebelum ditanam. Parameter pengamatan meliputi daya<br />berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, bobot kecambah dan akar,<br />rasio  panjang  akar/kecambah,  serta  indeks  kerentanan  terhadap<br />kekeringan. Kecambah dihitung sebagai kecambah normal jika panjang<br />lebih dari 0,5 cm. Perlakuan PEG-6000 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap<br />penurunan daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, serta bobot<br />kecambah dan akar. Sebaliknya, rasio panjang akar/kecambah lebih tinggi<br />pada perlakuan PEG-6000 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa PEG-<br />6000. Respon ketahanan galur kapas yang dihitung dengan indeks<br />kerentanan kekeringan berbeda pada masing-masing parameter yang<br />diamati. Dari nilai rata-rata indeks kerentanan kekeringan semua<br />parameter, tidak ada galur yang tahan terhadap kekeringan (S&lt;0,50).<br />Terdapat delapan galur yang agak tahan kekeringan (0,50&lt;S&lt;1,0) dan<br />lebih tahan dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 14, yaitu 03002/12, 03006/1,<br />03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12, 03017/13, dan 03017/15.<br />Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., tahan kekeringan, PEG-6000,<br />perkecambahan, galur</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Cotton production areas in Indonesia are arable land with lack of water<br />availability. The aim of this study was to obtain cotton lines tolerant to<br />drought using PEG-6000 at germination stage. The experiment was<br />conducted at the Seed Testing Laboratory in Indonesian Sweetener and<br />Fiber Crops Research Institute, from April to June 2012. Treatments were<br />arranged in a Split Plots design with two replications. The main plot was<br />PEG-6000 (-3 bar) and without PEG-6000 (water), while the subplot was<br />13 cotton lines and Kanesia 14 variety. Seed cotton was treated with 80%<br />Mancozeb fungicide dose of 2g/kg seed before sowing. Parameters<br />observed were germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and<br />root weight, ratio of root/shoot length, and drought susceptibility index.<br />Seedling was counted as normal if its length more than 0.5 cm. PEG-6000<br />treatment gives very significant effect on the decline on seed germination,<br />shoot and root length, shoot and root weight. Otherwise, ratio of root/shoot<br />length was higher in the PEG-6000 than without PEG-6000 treatment.<br />Response of cotton lines to drought which calculated with a drought<br />susceptibility index were different among parameter observed. Mean<br />drought susceptibility index of all parameters showed that none of cotton<br />line tolerant to drought (S &lt; 0,50) was achieved from the study. There<br />were eight moderately drought-resistant lines (0, 50 &lt; S &lt; 1,0) achieved<br />namely 03002/12, 03006/1, 03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12,<br />03017/13, and 03017/15 which more resistance than Kanesia 14.<br />Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., drought tolerant, PEG-6000,<br />germination, lines</p>

Changes in plant morphology and dry matter partitioning caused by potassium deficiency in Gossypium hirsutum (L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Gerardeaux ◽  
Lionel Jordan-Meille ◽  
Julie Constantin ◽  
Sylvain Pellerin ◽  
Michael Dingkuhn
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning

scholarly journals AMBANG KENDALI PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS, Helicoverpa armigera, DENGAN MEMPERHITUNGKAN KEBERADAAN PREDATOR PADA KAPAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽  
DWI ADI SUNARTO
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Predatory Mirid

ABSTRAK<br />Helicoverpa armigera adalah salah satu hama utama pada kapas,<br />sehingga perlu dikendalikan. Konsep ambang kendali sebagai salah satu<br />komponen dalam PHT telah dikembangkan untuk H. armigera, namun<br />hanya berdasarkan populasi hama dan belum mempertimbangkan<br />keberadaan musuh alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ambang<br />kendali H. armigera dengan mempertimbangkan keberadaan musuh alami<br />pada skala luas di daerah pengembangan dengan menggunakan lahan<br />petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pertanaman kapas tumpangsari<br />dengan kedelai yang ditanam sesudah padi di Kecamatan Mantup dan<br />Kembangbau, Lamongan, Jawa Timur pada Maret-Oktober 2005. Lahan<br />yang digunakan seluas 15 hektar, di bawah pengelolaan 36 petani.<br />Pengujian ambang kendali H. armigera dilakukan dengan menerapkan dua<br />perlakuan konsep ambang kendali yang merupakan bagian dari PHT<br />kapas, yaitu: (1) AKH: 4 tanaman terinfestasi/25 tanaman contoh; dan (2)<br />AKH+MA: 4 tanaman terinfestasi/25 tanaman contoh; jumlah tanaman<br />yang terinfestasi yang teramati dikurangi 1 jika ditemukan 8 ekor predator<br />dan kelipatannya. Jika populasi pada petak perlakuan mencapai ambang<br />kendali, dilakukan penyemprotan dengan Ekstrak Biji Mimba (EBM).<br />Setiap lahan petani dibagi dua, setiap bagian menerapkan satu perlakuan<br />(n=36). Pengamatan dilakukan pada 25 unit pengamatan per 1,0 ha yang<br />diambil secara W sampling, setiap 7 hari sejak 50 hari setelah tanam (hst)<br />hingga 90 hst. Satu unit pengamatan adalah 1 m 2 . Parameter yang diamati<br />secara periodik adalah populasi H. armigera (telur dan larva); kerusakan<br />buah, hasil kapas berbiji, serta penggunaan saprodi dan tenaga kerja untuk<br />pengendalian hama. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan<br />uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi H. armigera pada<br />kapas + kedelai dapat ditekan oleh musuh alaminya, khususnya kompleks<br />predator yang terdiri atas laba-laba, kumbang kubah dan kepik mirid.<br />Populasi kompleks predator dapat mencapai 40-80 ekor/25 tanaman.<br />Dengan demikian, penerapan ambang kendali H. armigera pada kapas +<br />kedelai dengan memperhitungkan keberadaan predator menyebabkan tidak<br />perlu dilakukannya penyemprotan insektisida sama sekali, sehingga<br />terdapat keuntungan ekonomis, yaitu penghematan biaya saprodi sebesar<br />Rp 259.000 per hektar dan keuntungan ekologis, yaitu tidak tercemarnya<br />lingkungan oleh senyawa toksik.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum L., ambang kendali, Helicoverpa<br />armigera, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Action  threshold  for  Helicoverpa  armigera  by<br />considering the presence of predators on cotton<br />Helicoverpa armigera on cotton was considered as the main pest,<br />therefore it always be a focus of pest control. Action threshold concept as<br />an IPM component had been developed for H. armigera on cotton;<br />however it has not considered the presence of natural enemies. The<br />objective of this research is to test the action threshold of H. armigera by<br />considering the presence of natural enemies on cotton intercropped with<br />soybean in farmers’ fields. The test involved 15 hectares of farmers’<br />fields (involving 36 farmers) in Lamongan, East Java in March-October<br />2005. The action thresholds for H. armigera tested were: (1) AKH: 4<br />infested plants/25 sample plants; and (2) AKH+MA: 4 infested plants/25<br />sample plants, and the number of infested plants observed was subtracted<br />by 1 when 8 predators, and it’s folded up, were found in the sample plants.<br />Spray of neem seed extract (NSE) was applied when the pest population<br />reached action threshold level. Each farmer field was divided into two<br />parts to accommodate the treatments. The observations were made<br />periodically on 25 units per 1,0 hectare in 7-days interval on 50 – 90 days<br />after planting (dap). The size of observation unit was 1 m 2 . Parameters<br />observed included H. armigera population (egg and larva); damage bolls,<br />seed cotton production and the cost of pest control. Data were analysed by<br />using t-test. The results showed that H. armigera population on cotton<br />intercropped with soybean could be repress by its natural enemies,<br />especially by the complex predator (consisted of spiders, lady bird beetles<br />and predatory mirid bugs) to be always under action threshold level. The<br />application of action threshold by considering the presence of predator in<br />cotton + soybean fields would lead to unsprayed cultivation. Resulted<br />economical benefit by saving of the production cost Rp 259.000 per<br />hectare as well as ecological advantage by avoiding of sprays of toxic<br />materials in the environment.<br />Key words : Cotton,  Gossypium  hirsutum  L.,  action  threshold,<br />Helicoverpa armigera, East Java

scholarly journals Respon Pemberian Paclobutrazol pada Beberapa Varietas Kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.) di Lahan Sawah Sesudah Padi

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Fitriningdyah Tri Kadarwati
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design

<p>Kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.) merupakan penghasil serat alam yang digunakan untuk bahan baku tekstil. Pengembangan kapas diarahkan ke lahan-lahan marginal, walaupun sebagian ada yang ditanam pada sawah sesudah padi. Tingkat produktivitas serat kapas, saat ini masih rendah sekitar 0,8 sampai dengan 1 ton per hektar. Usaha peningkatan produksi kapas antara lain dengan pemberian zat stimulan (paclobutrazol), teruta-ma untuk memacu pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah bu-nga, dan jumlah buah. Kedua komponen tersebut menjadi penentu hasil serat. Paclobutrazol adalah zat stimu-lan bagi tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro pada bulan Mei sam-pai dengan Oktober 2010, pada lahan sawah sesudah padi. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial dengan meng-gunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang sebanyak empat kali. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah 4 varietas kapas yang terdiri atas 1) Kanesia 8, 2) Kanesia 13, 3) Kanesia 14, dan 4) Kanesia 15. Faktor kedua adalah pemberian paclobutrazol melalui penyemprotan pada tanaman dengan dosis: a) 0; b) 1,50 l/ha diberikan sekali pada umur 60 hari; dan c) 1,50 l/ha diberikan dua kali umur 60 hari dan 75 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapas varietas Kanesia 8 dan 13 yang ditanam di lahan sawah sesudah padi mempunyai pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif optimal, kemudian disusul dengan Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, dan Ka-nesia 15. Paclobutrazol yang disemprotkan pada tanaman kapas, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan baik vegetatif maupun generatif. Hasil kapas berbiji untuk varietas kapas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13 sama, masing-masing sebesar 1.643 kg/ha dan 1.686 kg/ha.</p><p> </p><p>Cotton is a natural fibre crop for some textile raw material. The development of cotton is directed mainly to marginal lands, although few of it is planted in paddy fields after rice harvested. The productivity level of cotton fibre, is still low, about 0.8 to 1 ton per hectare. Effort to increase cotton production is done through the application of growth regulator aiming at enhancing to the growth of plant height, number of branches, number of flower, and boll. These components are fibre determinans. Research conducted at Sumberrejo Ex-perimental Garden, Bojonegoro from May to October 2010, in paddy fields after rice harvested. Factorial treat-ment arranged using randomized block design repeated four times. The first factor consisting of four cotton varieties: 1) Kanesia 8, 2) Kanesia 13, 3) Kanesia 14, and 4) Kanesia 15. The second factor is application of pa-clobutrazol by spraying the plants with usage of: a) 0, b) 1.50 l/ha given once at age 60 days, and c) 1.50 l/ ha given twice at the age of 60 days and 75 days. The research showed that Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 13 varie-ties gave optimum vegetative and generative growth followed with Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, and Kanesia 15. Paclobutrazol did not contribute significant effect on the growth of both vegetative and generative of cotton. The productivity of seed cotton of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 13, 1,643 kg/ha and 1,686 kg/ha, respectively.</p>

Comparative evaluation of Gossypium arboreum L. and Gossypium hirsutum L. genotypes for drought tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Mueen Alam Khan ◽  
Waqas Shafqat Chattha ◽  
Khalid Abdullah ◽  
Asif Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Gossypium Arboreum ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Cotton Species

AbstractDrought stress negatively affects the cotton production all over the world. The negative impact of drought varies for different species due to some morphological and root attributes that help some species to better stand under drought. But the extent of disturbance varies for different cotton species. To find out such variation, two cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium arboreum) were studied under normal and drought conditions for 2 years. Two genotypes for each species were included, i.e. PC-1 and COMILLA (G. arboreum) and IUB-13 and IUB-65 (G. hirsutum). The experiment was laid out under a completely randomized design following factorial arrangement. Genotype × treatment × year interaction of cotton genotypes was studied for different root, morphological, physiological and fibre-related traits. Traits such as above ground dry biomass, above ground fresh biomass, chlorophyll contents, leaf area, seed cotton yield, sympodial branches/plant, fibre strength and ginning out-turn were higher in G. hirsutum genotypes as compared to G. arboreum genotypes. However less reduction under drought in all above mentioned traits was recorded for G. arboreum, than G. hirsutum. Furthermore, root traits; primary root length, lateral root numbers, root fresh weight and root dry weight were enriched under drought condition in G. arboreum genotypes than in G. hirsutum genotypes, which is a clear manifestation of higher drought tolerance ability in G. arboreum genotypes transferrable to G. hirsutum genotypes through interspecific crossing or other means.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds after the thermal delinting process

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Radamés Cabral de França ◽  
Francisco De Assis Cardoso Almeida ◽  
Odilon Reny Ribeiro Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Jeane Ferreira Jerônimo
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Cotton Seeds

The removal of lint from cotton seeds is mainly carried out through chemical delinting, but it is an expensive procedure and requires high technology. The objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. seeds delinted by flaming using a thermal delinter prototype. Cotton seeds BRS 286 were flamed in nine settings intensities and compared to chemical delinting and seeds with lint. We analyzed the water content, germination, first count, germination speed index (GSI), length and dry mass of roots and shoots. Using a completely randomized design and the means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. In evaluating, the germination percentage did not differ between treatments with chemical and thermal low intensity delinting compared to the control. In vigor tests were observed higher mean values of the chemical treatment to the other treatments, except in GSI test and root dry weight when subjected to thermal delinting of low and medium intensity. The delinting made through the prototype enables efficient results, as well as the chemical delinting with sulfuric acid, without affecting germination and vigor when flamed with low and middle intensity, regardless of the number of active burners.

scholarly journals Effects of irrigation and planting geometry on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality and seed composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasa R. PINNAMANENI ◽  
Saseendran S. ANAPALLI ◽  
Ruixiu SUI ◽  
Nacer BELLALOUI ◽  
Krishna N. REDDY
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

Abstract Background Cotton fiber quality and seed composition play vital roles in the economics of cotton production systems and the cottonseed meal industry. This research aimed to examine the effects of different irrigation levels and planting geometries on fiber quality and seed composition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). We conducted a 2-year study in 2018 and 2019 in a warm, humid area in the Southeast United States on Dundee silt loam soil. There were three irrigation treatments in the study. The treatments included irrigating every furrow, or full irrigation (FI), every alternate furrow, or half irrigation (HI), and no irrigation, or rain-fed (RF). Planting geometries were on ridges spaced 102 cm apart and either a single-row (SR) or twin-rows (TR). Results The results of high-volume instrument (HVI), advanced fiber information systems (AFIS) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) showed that irrigation and planting treatments played a significant role in fiber quality and seed composition. Across irrigation treatments, significant differences were seen in fiber properties, including fineness, maturity ratio, micronaire, neps, short fiber, strength, uniformity, upper half mean length (UHML), upper quartile length by weight (UQLw), and yellowness (+b). Irrigation and planting geometry (PG) had a significant effect on micronaire, strength, and UHML while their interaction was significant only for micronaire. The micronaire was negatively affected by irrigation as FI-SR, FI-TR, HI-SR, and HI-TR recorded 11% ~ 12% lower over the RF-SR and TR treatments. The PG played a minor role in determining fiber quality traits like micronaire and nep count. Irrigation treatments produced significantly lower (3% ~ 4%) protein content than rain-fed, while oil content increased significantly (6% ~ 10%). Conclusions The study results indicate a potential for improving cotton fiber and seed qualities by managing irrigation and planting geometries in cotton production systems in the Mississippi (MS) Delta region. The HI-TR system appears promising for lint and seed quality.

Does Resistance to Propanil or Clomazone Alter the Growth and Competitive Abilities of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)?

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Prashant Jha ◽  
Kenneth Smith
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Pressure Resistance

Barnyardgrass biotypes resistant (R) to propanil (PR) or clomazone (CR) have been confirmed in rice production systems in Arkansas. However, it is not clear whether resistance to these herbicides impose any fitness cost on theRbiotypes compared to susceptible barnyardgrass (S). The overall objective of this experiment was to determine if the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass is altered by resistance to propanil or clomazone and to establish a competitive hierarchy among theS,PR, andCRbiotypes. A replacement series study was conducted in a greenhouse using five proportions ofSandRbiotypes (0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25, and 100 : 0). The study was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The variables, including plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight, were used for quantifying the differences in competitive abilities. Replacement series indices were calculated to explore the competitiveness. Expected (He) and observed (Ho) values for relative yield (RY) and relative yield total (RYT) were compared for number of tillers, number of leaves, and shoot dry weight for each biotype comparison. Other replacement series indices including competitive ratio (CR), relative crowding coefficient (RCC), and aggressiveness index (AI) also were calculated for these variables. The results showed that there were no major differences among theSandRbiotypes for these variables, indicating that in the absence of selection pressure, resistance to propanil or clomazone does not influence the growth and competitiveness of barnyardgrass. The findings will be useful for predicting the dynamics of resistant populations in the absence of herbicide selection and for designing suitable management strategies.

scholarly journals Determining Planting Window for Growing Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) during Dry Season in Bandarban, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
A Hamid ◽  
MG Neogi ◽  
MS Marma ◽  
JC Biswas ◽  
AS S Marma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Post Monsoon

Farmers in the Chattogram Hill Tracts, Bangladesh have been growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in their traditional system of jhum cultivation which is undergoing transformation. Growing rainfed cotton as a monocrop in the uplands is constrained by farmers’ socio-economic conditions and erratic rainfall. Shifting growing season to post-monsoon dry monthscould be an option to sustain cotton production in hilly areas. An exploratory experiment was conducted for two seasons to explore the possibility of growing cotton in valley lands in Bandarban during dry season. Growth and yield potentials of dry season cotton were evaluated in relation to prevailing environmental conditions. Night temperature dropped to 9oC on several occasions in 2018-2019 season; but it remained higher than 11oC throughout the season in 2019-2020. In 2018-2019, day temperatures surged higher past March 15 occasionally exceeding 38oC. Variability in temperatures was more in 2018-19 while average temperatures were higher in 2019-20 season. Rainfall distribution was almost similar in both the growing seasons receiving total rainfall of 757 mm and 579 mm in two seasons, respectively. Higher seed cotton yield (2,047 kg per ha) was recorded for 15 November planted crop compared with 1 December planted crop (1,186 kg per ha). December 1 planted crop was affected more by low temperatures at seedling stage resulting in poor growth and fewer bolls per plant. Late planted crop was more vulnerable to rain damage at boll opening stage. Crops of both the seasons encountered high temperatures (>32oC) during boll development. Changing climate, shorter winter season and rising temperatures may allow cotton production in valley lands shifting growing season from rainy season to post-monsoon dry months. However, the window of dry season cotton growing in Bandarban, Bangladesh seems narrow. Rainfall pattern restricts planting seeds prior to mid-November. Again, high temperatures stress in March and April synchronizing boll development, and rainfall toward late April and May during boll opening may cause yield loss. Development and adoption of short duration, low temperature tolerant upland cotton varieties might be of advantage for adapting to climate change vulnerabilities. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(2): 1-14

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