Mapping and validation of chromosome regions associated with high malt extract in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Collins ◽  
J. F. Panozzo ◽  
S. J. Logue ◽  
S. P. Jefferies ◽  
A. R. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Soluble Material ◽  
Chromosome Regions ◽  
Mapping Populations

Malt extract represents the soluble material extracted from malt during the mashing process of barley. The measurement of malt extract is used by maltsters and brewers to assess the quality of the barley they are purchasing and is therefore one of the most important parameters used by breeders to assess the quality of new barley varieties before release. This paper identifies and investigates several regions (quantitative trait loci, QTLs) found to be associated with malt extract and discusses the uses of these regions for marker assisted selection (MAS).Eight regions of the barley genome were found to be associated with malt extract in 3 mapping populations. Five regions were found in the Sloop/Alexis and Sloop-sib/Alexis mapping populations on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, and 5H. Two regions were found in the Chebec/Harrington population on chromosomes 1H and 5H and a single region was found on chromosome 2H in the Galleon/Haruna Nijo mapping population. Markers from 6 of these regions were investigated using several breeding populations with a high malt extract variety as a parent. The 'allele' from the high malt extract parent was found to be associated with a significant increase in malt extract in 4 regions, 2 regions on chromosome 2H and 2 regions on chromosome 5H.

The determinants and genome locations influencing grain weight and size in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Coventry ◽  
A. R. Barr ◽  
J. K. Eglinton ◽  
G. K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Selection Approach ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Mapping Populations

Grain weight and size are traits important to malting and feed barley. Understanding the determinants of grain weight and size, especially under stressful growing environments, will aid breeding efforts to improve these traits. The determinants of grain weight and size are discussed in relation to the pre- and post-anthesis periods of barley development. Genetic mapping of the loci influencing grain weight and size has provided a fundamental understanding of these traits, and a summary of mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from Australian and international mapping populations is presented. The influence of developmental loci on grain weight and size QTLs, approaches to discovering non-developmentally related loci, and prospects for a marker assisted selection approach to improving grain weight and size are discussed.

Identification of chromosome regions involved in the genetic regulation of tillering in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Karsai ◽  
K. Mészáros ◽  
L. Láng ◽  
Z. Bedő
Keyword(s):  
Mapping Population ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Complex Regulation ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Spring Sowing ◽  
Chromosome Regions

Tillering ability is a complex trait, the development of which is influenced by both environmental factors and complex genetic regulation. In the present experiments this complex regulation was dissected into its various components in an effort to separate the effect on tillering of major genes influencing ontogeny from that of other genomic factors. The tillering rate of a facultative × winter barley mapping population was examined in the field after autumn and spring sowing. The vernalisation sensitivity gene Vrn-H2 exerted a considerable influence on tillering in spring-sown barley. In addition to the major genes, QTL analysis revealed two chromosome regions (1HS and 3HL) with a significant influence on the extent of tillering. Neither of these regions were involved in the regulation of heading date, and their effect on tillering was the most intense at the beginning of ontogeny, gradually declining as the influence of the Vrn-H2 gene increased. The function of the Vrn-H2 locus in the regulation of tillering is manifested partly through a direct effect on the transition from the vegetative to the generative phase and partly indirectly via epistatic regulation of other chromosome regions influencing tillering.

scholarly journals Criteria for evaluating molecular markers: Comprehensive quality metrics to improve marker-assisted selection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Damien Platten ◽  
Joshua N. Cobb ◽  
Rochelle E. Zantua
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
High Allelic Diversity ◽  
Core Metrics ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractDespite strong interest over many years, the usage of quantitative trait loci in plant breeding has often failed to live up to expectations. A key weak point in the utilisation of QTLs is the “quality” of markers used during marker-assisted selection (MAS): unreliable markers result in variable outcomes, leading to a perception that MAS products fail to achieve reliable improvement. Most reports of markers used for MAS focus on markers derived from the mapping population. There are very few studies that examine the reliability of these markers in other genetic backgrounds, and critically, no metrics exist to describe and quantify this reliability. To improve the MAS process, this work proposes five core metrics that fully describe the reliability of a marker. These metrics give a comprehensive and quantitative measure of the ability of a marker to correctly classify germplasm as QTL[+]/[-], particularly against a background of high allelic diversity. Markers that score well on these metrics will have far higher reliability in breeding, and deficiencies in specific metrics give information on circumstances under which a marker may not be reliable. The metrics are applicable across different marker types and platforms, allowing an objective comparison of the performance of different markers irrespective of the platform. Evaluating markers using these metrics demonstrates that trait-specific markers consistently out-perform markers designed for other purposes. These metrics also provide a superb set of criteria for designing superior marker systems for a target QTL, enabling the selection of an optimal marker set before committing to design.

scholarly journals Chromosome regions affecting body weight in egg layers

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HONKATUKIA ◽  
M. TUISKULA-HAAVISTO ◽  
J. VILKKI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
Parent Of Origin ◽  
Chromosome Regions ◽  
Mapping Populations ◽  
Good Agreement

We have previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting egg production and quality traits using a reciprocal cross of two divergent egg-layer lines. The lines differ also in body weight, and we initially identified genome-wide significant Mendelian QTL for adult body weight at 40 weeks of age and feed intake at 32–36 weeks of age. In addition, QTL with parent-of-origin effects were detected for feed intake and body weight. In the present study, a total of five body weight traits (weight at 16, 20, 24, 40 and 60 weeks of age) have been analysed in the same mapping population. New QTL affecting body weight at different ages were found on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 6, and 13. Both Mendelian QTL and loci with parent-of-origin expression were found. Our findings are in good agreement with the results of previous studies on different mapping populations. The results elucidate the most important chromosome regions affecting weight in poultry in general and may add to the understanding of such loci among domestic animals.;

scholarly journals Association Mapping for Improvement of Quantitative Traits in Plant Breeding Populations

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-89
Author(s):  
Umesh R Rosyara ◽  
Bal K Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Validation Of Results ◽  
Mapping Populations

DNA-based molecular markers have been extensively utilized for mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) of interest based on linkage analysis in mapping populations. This is in contrast to human genetics that use of linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based mapping for fine mapping of QTLs using single nucleotide polymorphisms. LD based association mapping (AM) has promise to be used in plants. Possible use of such approach may be for fine mapping of genes / QTLs, identifying favorable alleles for marker aided selection and cross validation of results from linkage mapping for precise location of genes / QTLs of interest. In the present review, we discuss different mapping populations, approaches, prospects and limitations of using association mapping in plant breeding populations. This is expected to create awareness in plant breeders in use of AM in crop improvement activities.Key words: Association mapping; plant breeding; DNA marker; quantitative trait lociDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v2i1.5686  Nepal Journal of Biotechnology Jan.2012, Vol.2(1): 72-89

scholarly journals Malting Quality of ICARDA Elite Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Germplasm Grown in Moroccan Middle Atlas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Outmane Bouhlal ◽  
Jean Raymond Affricot ◽  
Damiano Puglisi ◽  
Adil El-Baouchi ◽  
Fatima El Otmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Middle Atlas

scholarly journals Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Relating to Flowering Time, Flag Leaf and Awn Characteristics in a Novel Triticum dicoccum Mapping Population

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Tally I.C. Wright ◽  
Angela C. Burnett ◽  
Howard Griffiths ◽  
Maxime Kadner ◽  
James S. Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Trait Loci

Tetraploid landraces of wheat harbour genetic diversity that could be introgressed into modern bread wheat with the aid of marker-assisted selection to address the genetic diversity bottleneck in the breeding genepool. A novel bi-parental Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank mapping population was created from a cross between two landrace accessions differing for multiple physiological traits. The population was phenotyped for traits hypothesised to be proxies for characteristics associated with improved photosynthesis or drought tolerance, including flowering time, awn length, flag leaf length and width, and stomatal and trichome density. The mapping individuals and parents were genotyped with the 35K Wheat Breeders’ single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A genetic linkage map was constructed from 104 F4 individuals, consisting of 2066 SNPs with a total length of 3295 cM and an average spacing of 1.6 cM. Using the population, 10 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for five traits were identified in two years of trials. Three consistent QTLs were identified over both trials for awn length, flowering time and flag leaf width, on chromosomes 4A, 7B and 5B, respectively. The awn length and flowering time QTLs correspond with the major loci Hd and Vrn-B3, respectively. The identified marker-trait associations could be developed for marker-assisted selection, to aid the introgression of diversity from a tetraploid source into modern wheat for potential physiological trait improvement.

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