Responses of broilers at moderate or high temperatures to dietary arginine:lysine ratio and source of supplemental methionine activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Hayat ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
D. Balnave ◽  
J. Brake
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

Recent studies have shown that the relative feed intake (FI) and bodyweight gain (BWG) responses of chronically heat-stressed broilers to equimolar additions of DL-methionine (DLM) or 2-hydroxy–4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB; Alimet) can be altered by changing the arginine:lysine (arg:lys) ratio of the diet. However, no information is available concerning responses of broilers during acute heat stress. Broilers were exposed to either 22�C or 30�C during 3 consecutive 5-day experimental periods between 28 and 43 days of age. Responses to equimolar additions of the 2 sources of supplemental methionine activity were similar during exposure to 22�C at 28–33 days and 38–43 days of age. However, between 33 and 38 days of age, when the temperature was 30�C, increasing the dietary arg:lys ratio from 1.04 to 1.35 significantly improved the FI and BWG of broilers fed HMB, but not DLM. At an arg:lys ratio of 1.35, the BW gain of broilers fed HMB was significantly greater than that of broilers fed DLM. Therefore, under acute heat stress conditions the choice of a supplemental source of methionine activity should be dependent upon the dietary arg:lys ratio.

scholarly journals PSIX-39 Supplementing an immunomodulatory feed ingredient to improve thermoregulation and performance in finishing beef cattle under heat stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
Alice Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Finishing Cattle

Abstract This experiment compared physiological and productive parameters in finishing cattle managed under heat stress conditions, and supplemented or not with Omnigen-AF (Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ). Crossbred cattle (Bos taurus × B. indicus; 64 heifers and 64 steers) were ranked by initial body weight (BW; 440 ± 3 kg) and sex, and allocated to 1 of 16 pens (8 heifers or steers/pen). Pens within sex were randomly assigned to receive (OMN; n = 8) or not (CON; n = 8) Omnigen-AF at 56 g/cow daily (as-fed basis). Cattle received a total-mixed ration during the experimental period (d 0 to 107), and Omnigen-AF was offered daily as a top-dress to OMN. Cattle were shipped on d 107 to a commercial packing facility for slaughter. Cattle BW was recorded and samples of blood and tail-switch hair collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, and 106. Feed intake was evaluated biweekly from each pen, and feed efficiency calculated according to total feed intake and BW gain of each pen. From d 0 to 7, 28 to 42, and 84 to 98, heifer intravaginal temperature was recorded hourly (iButton temperature loggers DS1922L, Maxim Integrated, San Jose, CA). Environmental temperature humidity index (THI) was also recorded hourly throughout the experiment, and averaged 79.8 ± 0.6. Heifers receiving OMN had less (P < 0.05) vaginal temperature from 1500 to 1900h (39.05 vs. 39.19 °C), when THI ranged from 85.3 to 90.1. No treatment effects were detected (P > 0.20) for BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits. No treatment effects were also detected (P > 0.17) for plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin, and cortisol concentrations in tail-switch hair. Hence, OMN ameliorated hyperthermia in finishing cattle exposed to heat stress conditions, but such benefit was not sufficient to improve productive and physiological responses.

Physiological and growth parameters of fattening lambs after shearing under heat-stress conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Moslemipur ◽  
S. Golzar-Adabi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels

Shearing is a common practice for lamb hygiene and health, which can also influence the animal survival and productivity in stressful environments. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shearing on performance and some metabolic and physiological parameters of fattening lambs exposed to ambient heat stress. Thirty -two male Dalagh fattening lambs (32.4 ± 5.7 kg), 3.5 ± 0.5 months of age, were selected from a herd existing at the research station of the University of Gonbad Kavoos (temperate mild-latitude zone of Iran). Lambs were divided into two groups, maintained individually and fed with a mixture of alfalfa hay and concentrate with free access to drinking water. One group was completely shorn while the other group was left unshorn, and both groups were reared for 10 weeks (July–Sept.) with mean ambient temperature of 29.3°C. Feed intake and liveweight changes were recorded weekly whereas metabolic parameters were measured daily. Fasting blood samples were collected three times a week and used for blood metabolites and hormone assays. Results showed that shearing has no effects on feed intake and weight gain over the study. Feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by shearing (10.70 vs 13.26 kg/kg). Shearing also caused a decline in lamb rectal temperature (P < 0.05), whereas heart rate remained unchanged. Respiratory rate was lower in shorn lambs (P < 0.001), whereas blood glucose, urea and total protein levels were not affected. Serum concentrations of thyroxine declined in shorn lambs compared with unshorn lambs (P < 0.05), but cortisol level was unchanged between groups. In conclusion, the study showed that when lambs are kept sheltered under heat stress conditions, shearing appears to induce energy retention via reducing some vital activities such as respiration and heat loss leading to enhanced feed efficiency. The decrease in thyroxine level can be considered as the possible underlying mechanism for the decline observed in rectal temperature.

Effect of feed intake level on the body temperature of pigs exposed to heat stress conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cervantes ◽  
D. Antoine ◽  
J.A. Valle ◽  
N. Vásquez ◽  
R.L. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Intake Level

scholarly journals 236 Effects of mitoquinol during acute heat stress exposure in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
Edith J Mayorga ◽  
Erin A Horst ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Megan A Abeyta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of mitoquinol (MitoQ) on performance, metabolism, and inflammation during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n=32; 59±1 kg BW) where blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 therapeutic-environmental treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) control (n=8; TNCtl), 2) TN and MitoQ (n=8; TNMitoQ), 3) HS control (n=8; HSCtl), or 4) HS and MitoQ (n=8; HSMitoQ). The trial consisted of two experimental periods (P). During P1 (2d), pigs were fed ad libitum and housed in TN conditions (20.6±0.1°C). During P2 (24h), HSCtl and HSMitoQ pigs were exposed to continuous HS (35.2±0.03°C); while TNCtl and TNMitoQ remained in TN conditions. Mitoquinol was orally administered twice daily (0700 and 1800 h; 40 mg/d) during P1 and P2. Pigs exposed to HS had increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate (1.46°C, 6.79°C, and 101 bpm, respectively; P&lt; 0.01) compared to their TN counterparts. Acute HS markedly decreased feed intake (67%; P&lt; 0.01). Additionally, HS pigs lost BW compared to their TN counterparts (-4.7 vs. +1.6 kg, respectively; P&lt; 0.01); however, the reduction in BW was less severe in HSMitoQ compared to HSCtl pigs (-3.85 vs. -5.50 kg, respectively; P&lt; 0.01). Circulating glucose increased in HSMitoQ relative to HSCtl pigs (15%; P=0.04). Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were increased in HS compared to TN pigs (P&lt; 0.01), although this difference was influenced by increased NEFA in HSCtl relative to HSMitoQ pigs (251 vs. 142 μEq/L; P&lt; 0.01). Insulin:feed intake tended to increase in HS relative to TN pigs (P=0.09). Overall, no differences in blood urea nitrogen or cell blood counts were observed across treatments (P &gt;0.10). In conclusion, acute HS exposure negatively altered animal performance and metabolism; however, administering MitoQ appeared to ameliorate the HS response.

scholarly journals 153 Supplementing an immunomodulatory feed ingredient to modulate thermoregulation and performance in finishing beef cattle under heat stress conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
Bruna Rett ◽  
Alice Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
And Performance

Abstract This experiment compared body temperature and productive parameters in finishing cattle managed under heat stress conditions, and supplemented or not with a supplement based on yeast and B-complex vitamins (Omnigen-AF; OMN; Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ). Bos taurus × B. indicus cattle (64 heifers and 64 steers) were ranked by initial body weight (BW; 440 ± 3 kg) and sex, and allocated to 1 of 16 pens (8 heifers or steers/pen). Pens within sex were randomly assigned to receive (n = 8) or not (CON; n = 8) OMN at 56 g/cow daily (as-fed basis). Cattle received a total-mixed ration (d 0 to 106), and OMN was offered daily as a top-dress. Cattle were shipped on d 107 to a commercial packing facility (Friona, TX) for slaughter. Cattle BW was recorded on d 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 96, and 106. Feed intake was evaluated by measuring offer and refusals biweekly from each pen. Feed efficiency was calculated from each pen according to total feed intake and BW gain. From d 0 to 7, 28 to 42, and 84 to 98, heifer intravaginal temperature was recorded hourly (iButton temperature loggers DS1922L, Maxim Integrated, San Jose, CA). Environmental temperature humidity index (THI) was also recorded hourly throughout the experiment, and averaged 79.8 ± 0.6. Heifers receiving OMN had less (P ≤ 0.05) vaginal temperature from 1500 to 1900h across sampling days (39.05 vs. 39.19 °C, respectively; SEM = 0.04), when THI ranged from 85.3 to 90.1. However, no treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.20) for BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits upon slaughter (P ≥ 0.22). Collectively, results from this experiment suggest that OMN ameliorated hyperthermia in finishing cattle exposed to heat stress conditions, but such benefit was not sufficient to improve productive and carcass parameters

scholarly journals Genetic lines respond uniquely within the chicken thymic transcriptome to acute heat stress and low dose lipopolysaccharide

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Monson ◽  
Angelica G. Van Goor ◽  
Michael E. Persia ◽  
Max F. Rothschild ◽  
Carl J. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Immune Tissues

Abstract Exposure to high temperatures is known to impair immune functions and disease resistance of poultry. Characterizing changes in the transcriptome can help identify mechanisms by which immune tissues, such as the thymus, respond to heat stress. In this study, 22-day-old chickens from two genetic lines (a relatively resistant Fayoumi line and a more susceptible broiler line) were exposed to acute heat stress (35 °C) and/or immune simulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 µg/kg). Transcriptome responses in the thymus were identified by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Expression of most genes was unaffected by heat and/or LPS in the Fayoumi line, whereas these treatments had more impact in the broiler line. Comparisons between the broiler and Fayoumi transcriptomes identified a large number of significant genes both at homeostasis and in response to treatment. Functional analyses predicted that gene expression changes impact immune responses, apoptosis, cell activation, migration, and adhesion. In broilers, acute heat stress changed thymic expression responses to LPS and could impact thymocyte survival and trafficking, and thereby contribute to the negative effects of high temperatures on immune responses. Identification of these genes and pathways provides a foundation for testing targets to improve disease resistance in heat-stressed chickens.

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