Simulating fababean development, growth, and yield in Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Turpin ◽  
M. J. Robertson ◽  
C. Haire ◽  
W. D. Bellotti ◽  
A. D. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Flowering Development

The capability to simulate fababean (Vicia faba L.) production across the range of environments in which it is grown in Australia provides a tool for assessing agronomic and management options for the crop. This paper describes the building and testing of a model of fababean (cv. Fiord) development and growth, designed for use in the cropping systems simulator, APSIM. Parameters describing leaf area expansion, radiation interception, biomass accumulation and partitioning, root growth, water use, and nitrogen accumulation were sourced from the literature or developed from experiments conducted by the authors. In addition, parameters defining phenological development in response to temperature and photoperiod were derived from a comprehensive dataset of times to flowering and maturity.Routines for pre-flowering phenology predicted time to flowering ranging from 43 to 94 days with a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of 4.3 days. Post-flowering development could not be satisfactorily predicted using thermal time alone; analysis of the collated data suggested that the lengths of some post-flowering phases were related to photoperiod. With incorporation of a photoperiod effect on post-flowering development, time from sowing to maturity was simulated with an R2 of 92% and an RMSD of 6.7 days.The model was tested over a diverse range of latitudinal and climatic conditions within Australia, using data from experiments in which sowing date, crop density, and water supply varied. Observed grain yield (n = 42) varied from 500 to 5600 kg/ha. In general, observed biomass and yield patterns within a growing season were reproduced well. Simulated grain yield explained 87% of the variance in observed yields (RMSD = 466 kg/ha). Apart from demonstrating the capability of the model over a wide range of growing conditions, the tests highlighted a number of areas for future improvement, including accounting for lodging, variation in harvest index under wet conditions, and accurate simulation of the response of leaf area expansion to mild levels of water deficit.

scholarly journals Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sabine Stuerz ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

scholarly journals Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Bo Melander
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V. myuros to emerge rapidly and under a wide range of climatic conditions with no effect of crop density and variable effects of sowing time between the two experiments. Grain yield and yield components were negatively affected by increasing V. myuros density. The relationship between grain yield and V. myuros density was not influenced by sowing time or by crop density, but crop–weed competition was strongly influenced by growing conditions. Due to very different weather conditions, grain yield reductions were lower in the growing season of 2017 to 2018 than in 2018 to 2019, with maximum grain yield losses of 22% and 50% in the two growing seasons, respectively. The yield components, number of crop ears per square meter, and 1,000-kernel weight were affected almost equally, reflecting that V. myuros’s competition with winter wheat occurred both early and late in the growing season. Seed production of V. myuros was suppressed by delaying sowing and increasing crop density. The impacts of delayed sowing and increasing crop density on seed production of V. myuros highlight the potential of these cultural weed control tactics in the long-term management programs of this species.

scholarly journals Acclimation of Photosynthetic Activity of Zantedeschia `Best Gold' in Response to Temperature and Photosynthetic Photon Flux

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Funnell ◽  
Errol W. Hewett ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Ian J. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Area Expansion

Photosynthetic activity of individual leaves of Zantedeschia Spreng. `Best Gold' aff. Z. pentlandii (Wats.) Wittm. [syn. Richardia pentlandii Wats.] (`Best Gold'), were quantified with leaf expansion and diurnally, under a range of temperature and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) regimes. Predictive models incorporating PPF, day temperature, and percentage leaf area expansion accounted for 78% and 81% of variation in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) before, and postattainment of, 75% maximum leaf area, respectively. Minimal changes in Pn occurred during the photoperiod when environmental conditions were stable. Maximum Pn (10.9μmol·m-2·s-1 or 13.3 μmol·g-1·s-1) occurred for plants grown under high PPF (694 μmol·m-2·s-1) and day temperature (28 °C). Acclimation of Pn was less than complete, with any gain through a greater light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) at high PPF also resulting in a reduction in quantum yield. Similarly, any gain in acclimation through increased quantum yield under low PPF occurred concurrently with reduced Pmax. It was concluded that Zantedeschia `Best Gold' is a shade tolerant selection, adapted to optimize photosynthetic rate under the climate of its natural habitat, by not having obligate adaptation to sun or shade habitats.

Budburst and leaf area expansion measured with a novel mobile camera system and simple color thresholding

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Graham ◽  
Eric M. Yuen ◽  
Geoff F. Robertson ◽  
William J. Kaiser ◽  
Michael P. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Area Expansion

A model of expansion and senescence of individual leaves of field-grown maize (Zea mays L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stewart ◽  
L M. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development ◽  
Daily Time

Estimation of leaf area is a major component of plant growth models. In this study, a model was developed to calculate field-grown maize leaf area expansion and senescence on an individual leaf basis. The model began with an equation, based on cumulative growing degree-days from emergence, to initiate leaf area development. The model required daily values of maximum and minimum air temperature, solar radiation and precipitation, had essentially a daily time step with day and night modes, and could be run on commonly accessible computers (micros to mainframes). The objective of the development of the model was to assist plant breeders in optimizing leaf number and shape for adaptation to specific environments. Key words: Leaf area and number, temperature, phenological development

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