Locating genes associated with Ascochyta fabae resistance in Vicia faba

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Román* ◽  
Z. Satovic* ◽  
C. M. Avila ◽  
D. Rubiales ◽  
M. T. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg.,is a disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) of world-wide distribution. Although sources of resistance have been identified, little is known about its genetic basis and gene location. Molecular analyses were carried out using plant tissue from 196 individual F2 plants derived from a cross between susceptible and resistant lines. F2-derived F3 lines were inoculated under controlled growth-chamber conditions and evaluated for disease severity and infection type index. The linkage map was constructed by MAPMAKER V2.0 and the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was carried out using QTL Cartographer. One hundred and twenty-one out of 130 marker loci could be mapped into 16 linkage groups. Nine linkage groups were assigned to specific chromosomes analysing common markers with previous studies that used primary trisomics to establish the chromosomal location of markers/genes. By simple interval mapping (SIM), 2 zones of putative QTL action were detected. Using forward-backward stepwise regression, 4 markers were selected to be used as cofactors in composite interval mapping (CIM). Putative QTLs (Af1 and Af2) were identified on linkage groups VIII (chromosome 3) and IVa (chromosome 2), respectively, and jointly contributed about 46% of the total phenotypic variance. Af1 displayed pure additive gene action and Af2 showed considerable dominant effect.

Confirmation of QTLs controlling Ascochyta fabae resistance in different generations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Díaz-Ruiz ◽  
Z. Satovic ◽  
C. M. Ávila ◽  
C. M. Alfaro ◽  
M. V. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg., is a disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) of worldwide distribution. In this study we have conducted an experiment on Ascochyta fabae resistance in 165 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed by single-seed descent from the cross between resistant and susceptible lines (Vf6 × Vf136) in which A. fabae resistance QTLs (quantitative trait loci) have been previously reported in the original F2 population. Recombinant inbred lines were inoculated under controlled growth chamber conditions and evaluated for disease severity and infection type index. The linkage map was constructed by MAPMAKER V2.0 and the QTL analysis was carried out using QTL Cartographer. Two hundred and seventy-seven markers (238 RAPDs, 4 isozymes, 5 ESTs, 1 SCAR, 6 SSRs, 2 STSs, and 21 intron-spanning markers) mapped into 21 linkage groups covering 2.856.7 cM, with a mean inter-marker distance of 12.72 cM. Composite interval mapping identified two zones of putative QTL action in the RIL population for DSL (disease severity on leaves) and DSS (disease severity on stems) traits. Putative QTLs (Af1 and Af2) were identified on chromosome 3 and chromosome 2, respectively, and jointly explained 24% of the phenotypic variance of DSL and 16% of DSS. With this study we have (1) confirmed the QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance found in F3 families in the derived RILs (F6), (2) re-estimated their position and genetic effects, and (3) assessed the stability of these QTLs in different genetic backgrounds by comparison of the mapping data with a previous QTL study.

Effect of the absence of condensed tannins in faba beans (Vicia faba) on resistance to foot rot, Ascochyta blight and chocolate spot

1994 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. F. G. Helsper ◽  
A. Van Norel ◽  
K. Burger-Meyer ◽  
J. M. Hoogendijk
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Chocolate Spot Disease ◽  
Mature Seeds ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

SUMMARYThe effect of breeding for the absence of condensed tannins in the testa ofVicia fabaL. on resistance to foot rot, Ascochyta blight and chocolate spot diseases was investigated in 1988–92 at Wageningen, The Netherlands. For this purpose the disease development in tannin-free and tannin-containing partners of six near-isogenic pairs was compared after exposure to causative pathogens. Except for one near-isogenic pair, in which both partner lines showed a relatively high resistance, the tannin-free lines were more susceptible to foot rot than the tannin-containing partners of the same pair. This observation indicates that the presence of condensed tannins in the testa prevents infection of the plant by the causative pathogens.Fusarium oxysporumandF. solani, isolated from faba bean tissues showing foot rot symptoms, were shown to be primary foot rot pathogens, whileF. avenaceumcaused wilting of young plantlets. No pathogenic isolates were obtained fromF. tabacinum. Resistance toBotrytis fabae(chocolate spot disease), scored on leaves and stems under glasshouse and field conditions in 1992, was not influenced by selection for the absence of condensed tannins which occur in the testa of mature seeds. Under the same environmental conditions, leaves, stems, pods and seeds of tannin-free lines showed similar levels of damage due toAscochyta fabae(Ascochyta blight) as the tannin-containing partner lines of the same near-isogenic pair. These results indicate that condensed tannins do not play a role in resistance to bothB. fabaeandA. fabae, probably because, except for the seeds, these polyphenols do not accumulate in the tissues affected by these pathogens.

Genetic Analysis of Sunflower Domestication

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1257-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Burke ◽  
Shunxue Tang ◽  
Steven J Knapp ◽  
Loren H Rieseberg
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Mapping Population ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Wild Progenitor ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling phenotypic differences between cultivated sunflower and its wild progenitor were investigated in an F3 mapping population. Composite interval mapping revealed the presence of 78 QTL affecting the 18 quantitative traits of interest, with 2–10 QTL per trait. Each QTL explained 3.0–68.0% of the phenotypic variance, although only 4 (corresponding to 3 of 18 traits) had effects >25%. Overall, 51 of the 78 QTL produced phenotypic effects in the expected direction, and for 13 of 18 traits the majority of QTL had the expected effect. Despite being distributed across 15 of the 17 linkage groups, there was a substantial amount of clustering among QTL controlling different traits. In several cases, regions influencing multiple traits harbored QTL with antagonistic effects, producing a cultivar-like phenotype for some traits and a wild-like phenotype for others. On the basis of the directionality of QTL, strong directional selection for increased achene size appears to have played a central role in sunflower domestication. None of the other traits show similar evidence of selection. The occurrence of numerous wild alleles with cultivar-like effects, combined with the lack of major QTL, suggests that sunflower was readily domesticated.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SEED AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF FUNGICIDES TO CONTROL ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT OF FABABEANS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. KHARBANDA ◽  
C. C. BERNIER
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Systemic Fungicides ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae ◽  
Seedling Infection

Control of blight (Ascochyta fabae Speg.) of fababeans (Vicia faba L.) was attempted by using systemic and non-systemic fungicides in laboratory and field tests during 1974–1976. In the laboratory assays, all seed treatments containing the systemic fungicides benomyl or thiabendazole effectively controlled seed-borne Ascochyta but only soaking seeds in benomyl-thiram (0.2% a.i.) for 8 h effected complete eradication. In the field tests none of the seed treatments significantly reduced the seedling infection. When evaluated as foliar sprays, chlorothalonil was the most promising and was evaluated further on V. faba cultivars Erfordia and Ackerperle. One spray of this fungicide (0.1% a.i.) significantly reduced the disease severity in both cultivars. Seed infection was prevented only in Ackerperle by a minimum of two sprays 3 wk apart. In untreated plots, the disease was more severe in Erfordia than in Ackerperle.

Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Román ◽  
Ana M Torres ◽  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
Jose Ignacio Cubero ◽  
Zlatko Satovic
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Composite Interval Mapping ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Trait Loci

Orobanche crenata Forsk. is a root parasite that produces devastating effects on many crop legumes and has become a limiting factor for faba bean production in the Mediterranean region. The efficacy of available control methods is minimal and breeding for broomrape resistance remains the most promising method of control. Resistance seems to be scarce and complex in nature, being a quantitative characteristic difficult to manage in breeding programmes. To identify and map the QTLs (quantitative trait loci) controlling the trait, 196 F2 plants derived from the cross between a susceptible and a resistant parent were analysed using isozymes, RAPD, seed protein genes, and microsatellites. F2- derived F3 lines were studied for broomrape resistance under field conditions. Of the 130 marker loci segregating in the F2 population, 121 could be mapped into 16 linkage groups. Simple interval mapping (SIM) and composite interval mapping (CIM) were performed using QTL Cartographer. Composite interval mapping using the maximum number of markers as cofactors was clearly the most efficient way to locate putative QTLs. Three QTLs for broomrape resistance were detected. One of the three QTLs explained more than 35% of the phenotypic variance, whereas the others accounted for 11.2 and 25.5%, respectively. This result suggests that broomrape resistance in faba bean can be considered a polygenic trait with major effects of a few single genes.Key words: Orobanche crenata, Vicia faba, QTL, broomrape resistance.

scholarly journals Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) breeding for resistance to anthracnose (Ascochyta fabae Speg.) in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ondřej ◽  
I. Huňady
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Parental Cultivar

In 2003&minus;2005 faba bean accessions were evaluated in laboratory and field inoculation tests with a mixture of differently virulent isolates for susceptibility to anthracnose caused by the fungus <i>Ascochyta fabae</i> Speg. All tested commercial faba bean cultivars, both colour and white flowering, were found to be susceptible or highly susceptible. The highest level of resistance was found only in declared sources of resistance: 29H, L-8 and Petra. Segregation of F<sub>2</sub> plants derived from the cross of cultivar Merlin (susceptible, white flowering) with line Petra (resistant, colour flowering) was observed. The plants were moderately susceptible to highly susceptible. This finding indicates a multigenic character of resistance. Repeated selection cycles with the selection of resistant plants in F<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>3</sub> generations were performed. In the F4 generation, colour flowering lines with a high level of resistance, nearly at the same level as in line Petra, were obtained. In comparison with the parental cultivar Merlin an increase in the resistance of selected white flowering lines was proved. Resistance will be increased/stabilized in further repeated selection cycles.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis of Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Sunflower

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 834-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rönicke ◽  
V. Hahn ◽  
A. Vogler ◽  
W. Friedt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Head Rot

A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was carried out with 283 sunflower (Helianthus annuus) F2:3 families derived from a cross between a resistant (SWS-B-04) and a highly susceptible sunflower inbred line. For that purpose, a genetic map based on 195 amplified fragment length polymorphism and 20 simple sequence repeat markers was constructed. The map has a size of 2,273.5 centimorgans and comprises 17 linkage groups, 12 of which could be associated to already defined linkage groups. The heads of sunflower F3 families were artificially inoculated by using sclerotinia mycelium in three field environments. The lesion length was measured in centimeters 1 week postinoculation and head rot was scored according to a 1-to-8 head rot scale 2 weeks postinoculation. Using the composite interval mapping procedure, three QTL for lesion length and two QTL for head rot could be identified. These QTL explain 10.6 to 17.1% of the total phenotypic variance.

QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.): validation in field and controlled conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Atienza ◽  
C. Palomino ◽  
N. Gutiérrez ◽  
C. M. Alfaro ◽  
D. Rubiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae ◽  
Important Disease

Ascochyta blight is an important disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Yield losses can be as high as 90% and losses of 35–40% are common. The line 29H is one of the most resistant accessions to the pathogen (Ascochyta fabae Speg.) ever described. In this work, we aimed to validate across generations the main quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ascochyta blight resistance identified in the cross 29H × Vf136 and to test their stability under field conditions. QTLs located on chromosomes II and III have been consistently identified in the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of this cross, in both controlled (growth chamber) and field conditions and, thus they are good targets for breeding. In addition, a new QTL for disease severity on pods has been located on chromosome VI, but in this case, further validation is still required. A synteny-based approach was used to compare our results with previous QTL works dealing with this pathogen. Our results suggest that the QTL located on chromosome II, named Af2, is the same one reported by other researchers, although it is likely that the donors of resistance differ in the allele conferring the resistance. By contrast, the location of Af3 on chromosome III does not overlap with the position of Af1 reported by other authors, suggesting that Af3 may be an additional source of resistance to ascochyta blight.

scholarly journals Mapping of Photoperiod-induced Growth Cessation in the Wild Grape Vitis riparia

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Garris ◽  
Lindsay Clark ◽  
Chris Owens ◽  
Steven McKay ◽  
James Luby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Distance ◽  
Interval Mapping ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Growth Cessation ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
In The Wild

In grapevines (Vitis spp.), the timing of growth cessation in the fall is an important aspect of adaptation and a key objective in breeding new grape cultivars suitable for continental climates. Growth cessation is a complex biological process that is initiated by environmental cues such as daylength and temperature, as well as water and nutrient availability. The genetic control of growth cessation in grapevines was studied by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a hybrid grape population. An F2 mapping population was developed by selfing a single F1 plant derived from a cross between an accession of the North American species Vitis riparia and the Vitis hybrid wine cultivar Seyval (Seyve-Villard 5–276). A linkage map was constructed using 115 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and six candidate genes in a population of 119 F2 progeny. The markers provided coverage of the 19 Vitis linkage groups with an average distance between markers of 8.4 cM. The critical photoperiod for growth cessation in lateral buds for the parents and F2 progeny was determined in a replicated field trial in 2001 and 2002 and under controlled photoperiod treatments in a greenhouse in 2002, 2003, and 2004. QTL analysis using composite interval mapping identified a single major QTL in the field and greenhouse trials. However, the field and greenhouse QTL mapped to different linkage groups in the two different environments, suggesting the presence of additional, nonphotoperiodic cues for induction of growth cessation in the field. In the greenhouse, where noninducing temperatures were maintained, a QTL on linkage group (LG) 13 explained 80.0% to 96.6% of the phenotypic variance of critical photoperiod for growth cessation. In the field, where vines experienced natural fluctuations in temperature and rainfall in addition to the naturally decreasing photoperiod, a QTL on LG 11 explained 85.4% to 94.3% of phenotypic variance.

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