Detection and occurrence of a new pathotype of Puccinia triticina with virulence for Lr24 in Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Park ◽  
H. S. Bariana ◽  
C. R. Wellings ◽  
H. Wallwork
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Virulent Isolate ◽  
Australian Wheat

The leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 remained effective in Australia from at least 1983, when the first wheat cultivar with this gene was released, until 2000, when a virulent isolate of Puccinia triticina was detected. Results of comparative greenhouse studies were consistent with the hypothesis that the new virulent isolate developed from pathotype 104-1,2,3,(6),(7),11 by mutation to virulence for Lr24. The new pathotype was first detected in South Australia (October 2000), and was subsequently detected in southern New South Wales (November 2000), Victoria (March 2001), and Queensland (March 2001), suggesting that it originated in South Australia and then spread to other parts of the eastern Australian wheatbelt. Greenhouse tests of 28 Australian wheat cultivars possessing Lr24 revealed that all except Dennis, Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98 were seedling susceptible to the new pathotype. Cultivars Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98 were postulated to carry Lr13, whereas cv. Dennis carries either Lr17b or Lr13. Adult plant field tests of 20 cultivars with Lr24 conducted during 2001 confirmed the resistance of Giles, Petrie, and Sunsoft 98, whereas all other cultivars tested were either moderately resistant to moderately susceptible or susceptible to the new pathotype. Given that some of these cultivars appear to possess Lr34, and that the expression of this gene is influenced by temperature and other environmental factors, further field testing under different seasonal conditions will provide a more accurate indication of their response. Cultivars with Lr37 or Lr13 in combination with Lr1 or Lr2a remain effective to all known pathotypes of P. triticina in Australia. Several new sources of resistance to P. triticina that are effective to Australian pathotypes are currently being evaluated, along with additive adult plant resistances. These sources should provide a greater diversity of resistance to this pathogen in future Australian wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Identification of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Chinese Common Wheat Cultivars

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1729-1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takele Weldu Gebrewahid ◽  
Zhan-Jun Yao ◽  
Xiao-Cui Yan ◽  
Pu Gao ◽  
Zai-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Lr Genes

Puccinia triticina Eriks. (Pt), the causal agent of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf rust, is the most widespread disease of common wheat worldwide. In the present study, 83 wheat cultivars from three provinces of China and 36 tester lines with known leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes were inoculated in the greenhouse with 18 Pt pathotypes to identify seedling effective Lr genes. Field tests were also performed to characterize slow leaf rusting responses at the adult plant growth stage in Baoding and Zhoukou in the 2014–15 and 2015–16 cropping seasons. Twelve Lr genes, viz. Lr1, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr10, Lr2b, Lr13, Lr21, Lr34, Lr37, Lr44, and Lr46 either singly or in combination were identified in 41 cultivars. Known Lr genes were not detected in the remaining 42 cultivars. The most commonly identified resistance genes were Lr26 (20 cultivars), Lr46 (18 cultivars), and Lr1 (eight cultivars). Less frequently detected genes included Lr13, Lr34, and Lr37 (each present in four cultivars), Lr10 (three cultivars), and Lr3ka and Lr44 (each in two cultivars). Evidence for the presence of genes Lr11, Lr2b, and Lr21 (each in one cultivar) was also obtained. Seventeen cultivars were found to have slow rusting resistance in both field growing seasons.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina in Canada in 1998

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

In 1998, leaf rust of wheat (Triticum aestivum), caused by Puccinia triticina, was widespread throughout the prairies of western Canada. Warm summer temperatures with frequent dew periods favored spread of the disease in wheat fields in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The Canada Prairie Spring wheat cultivars (AC Vista, AC Foremost, AC Crystal) were susceptible to leaf rust, while the bread wheat cultivars with leaf rust resistance genes Lr16 and Lr13 or Lr34 (AC Majestic, AC Domain, AC Barrie) had high to moderate levels of leaf rust infections. Bread wheat cultivars AC Cora, AC Minto, Pasqua, and McKenzie had trace to low levels of leaf rust infection. Thirty-four virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were identified on 16 Thatcher lines, which are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. Phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 increased to 25% of isolates in Manitoba and Saskatchewan in 1998. Forty-three isolates were also tested for virulence to plants with the adult plant resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr34, and Lr13,34. Most isolates had virulence to Lr12 and Lr13. All isolates had lower infection type on adult plants with Lr34 compared with Thatcher.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted selection for leaf rust resistance in wheat by transfer of gene Lr19

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Šliková ◽  
E. Gregorová ◽  
P. Bartoš ◽  
J. Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Reaction Field

Cultivar Agrus, possessing a chromosomal substitution, and cultivar Sunnan, possessing a translocation from Thinopyrum ponticum (= Agropyron elongatum, 2n = 10x) with leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 against Puccinia triticina, were crossed with the susceptible winter wheat cultivars Sofia, Simona and Lívia to transfer Lr19 into agronomi­cally better genotypes by marker-assisted selection. Altogether 304 individuals of the F2 progeny were screened for endopeptidase phenotypes. We found null endopeptidase allele Ep-D1c (marker tightly liked with resistance gene Lr19) in 49 plants. The progenies of 40 plants of the F2 generation (with Ep-D1c) were reselected with the same marker and tested for leaf rust reaction. Results achieved with the isozyme marker corresponded with those of the resistance tests. We obtained 28 F3 families with resistance gene Lr19 confirmed by presence of the null endopeptidase allele and by tests for leaf rust reaction. Field tests showed that Agrus increased the height of plants in the progenies, and the smallest negative effect on yield components was observed in both crosses with cultivar Sunnan.  

scholarly journals Identification of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Bread Wheat Cultivars from Ethiopia

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 2354-2361
Author(s):  
Takele Weldu Gebrewahid ◽  
Pei-pei Zhang ◽  
Zhan-jun Yao ◽  
Zai-feng Li ◽  
Da-qun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Lr Genes

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a widespread disease of bread wheat worldwide. In the present study, 50 wheat cultivars from Ethiopia and 34 differential lines, mostly near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the background of Thatcher with known resistance genes to leaf rust (Lr), were tested with 14 Pt races in the greenhouse to postulate Lr genes at the seedling stage. Field experiments were also conducted to identify adult plant responses to leaf rust in Baoding in the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons and in Zhoukou in the 2018–2019 growing season. Thirteen Lr genes (Lr1, Lr18, Lr3ka, Lr15, Lr26, Lr20, Lr14a, Lr30, Lr2a, Lr11, Lr34, Lr46, and Lr68) either singly or in combination were found in 39 cultivars. Known Lr genes were not present in the remaining 11 cultivars. Lr1 and Lr46, each in 13 cultivars, and Lr34 in 12 cultivars were the most commonly identified resistance genes. Less frequently identified genes included Lr26 (five cultivars); Lr30 and Lr18 (each present in four cultivars); Lr15, Lr3ka, and Lr2a (each identified in three cultivars); and Lr68 (two cultivars). Evidence for the existence of Lr11, Lr20, and Lr14a (each in one cultivar) was also obtained. Twenty-one cultivars were found to have slow rusting resistance to leaf rust in the field tests. The results should be valuable for cultivar selection with combinations of effective Lr genes and used in breeding new cultivars with improved resistance to leaf rust in Ethiopia and China.

scholarly journals Leaf Rust Resistance of Spring, Facultative, and Winter Wheat Cultivars from China

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
W. Q. Chen ◽  
Z. H. He
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Winter Growth Habit

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China. Sixty-one spring and 102 facultative or winter growth habit wheat cultivars from China and a set of testers, carrying named Lr genes, were evaluated for resistance at the seedling growth stage with an array of Mexican Puccinia triticina races. Variation in seedling infection types of the cultivars was compared with that of the testers, and genes conferring low infection types were postulated. In total, nine named genes, Lr1 (in 13 cultivars), Lr3 (12), Lr3bg (2), Lr10 (1), Lr13 (4), Lr14a (1), Lr16 (49), Lr23 (9), and Lr26 (81), were identified. Thirty-one cultivars displayed intermediate reactions to one or more races that could not be attributed to any named gene. Twenty-eight spring cultivars were also evaluated at two field sites in Mexico using two common races. About half of them displayed good to moderate adult resistance that may be partly due to the presence of slow rusting gene Lr34 in at least seven cultivars. Diversity in adult plant responses of these wheats indicated the presence of additional slow rusting genes. Presence of 1B.1R translocation in 12 wheat cultivars, supposedly derived from intergeneric crosses involving T. durum, Haynaldia villosa, and Avena fatua, indicated that their pedigrees were incorrect.

scholarly journals Virulence Phenotypes and Molecular Genotypes in Collections of Puccinia triticina from Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Mantovani ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Roberto Tuberosa ◽  
James Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
The Third ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Simple Sequence

Twenty-four isolates of Puccinia triticina from Italy were characterized for virulence to seedlings of 22 common wheat Thatcher isolines, each with a different leaf rust resistance gene, and for molecular genotypes at 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. The isolates were compared to a set of 13 previously characterized P. triticina isolates from either durum or common wheat. Clustering based on virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes grouped the Italian P. triticina isolates into three groups. In the first group, the isolates had virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes that were similar to the isolates collected from durum wheat. Isolates in the second group were unique because they had virulence similar to the isolates from common wheat but were distinct for SSR genotypes compared to the isolates from durum wheat and from common wheat. Isolates in the third group had virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes closely related to the isolates from common wheat. The isolates were grouped based on the known or assumed host of origin, virulence phenotype, and SSR genotypes. Measures of FST and RST for SSR genotypes, and ΦST for virulence phenotype were significant, which indicated differentiation among the three groups of isolates. Virulence phenotypes and molecular genotypes were highly correlated with r = 0.74.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Leaf Rust Resistance in Six Durum Wheat Genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Loladze ◽  
Dhouha Kthiri ◽  
Curtis Pozniak ◽  
Karim Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Allelism Tests

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the main fungal diseases limiting durum wheat production. This study aimed to characterize previously undescribed genes for leaf rust resistance in durum wheat. Six different resistant durum genotypes were crossed to two susceptible International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) lines and the resulting F1, F2, and F3 progenies were evaluated for leaf rust reactions in the field and under greenhouse conditions. In addition, allelism tests were conducted. The results of the study indicated that most genotypes carried single effective dominant or recessive seedling resistance genes; the only exception to this was genotype Gaza, which carried one adult plant and one seedling resistance gene. In addition, it was concluded that the resistance genes identified in the current study were neither allelic to LrCamayo or Lr61, nor were they related to Lr3 or Lr14a, the genes that already are either ineffective or are considered to be vulnerable for breeding purposes. A complicated allelic or linkage relationship between the identified genes is discussed. The results of the study will be useful for breeding for durable resistance by creating polygenic complexes.

Physiologic Specialization and Genetic Differentiation of Puccinia triticina Causing Leaf Rust of Wheat in the Indian Subcontinent during 2016-2019

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chander Bhardwaj ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash Gangwar ◽  
Pramod Prasad ◽  
Prem Lal Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
High Degree

Wheat is the second most cultivated cereal in the world and is equally important in India. Leaf (brown) rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, was most prevalent among the three rusts in all the wheat-growing areas of India, Bhutan, and Nepal during 2016 to 2019. Leaf rust samples from wheat crops in these countries were pathotyped using the wheat differential genotypes and binomial Indian system of nomenclature. To facilitate international communication, each pathotype identified was also tested on the North American differentials. A total of 33 pathotypes were identified from 1,086 samples, including 3 new pathotypes, 61R47 (162-5 = KHTDM) and 93R49 (49 = NHKTN) from India and 93R57 (20-1 = NHKTL) from Nepal. Two pathotypes, 121R60-1 (77-9/52 = MHTKL) and 121R63-1 (77-5 = THTTM), accounted for 79.46% of the population. Virulence on Lr19 was identified in 0.27% of the samples and from Nepal only. The proportion of pathotype 121R60-1 (77-9 = MHTKL) increased during these years to 57.55%. Virulence was not observed to Lr9, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr32, Lr39, Lr45, and Lr47 in the population of the Indian subcontinent. Eighteen polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs tested on the isolates amplified 48 alleles with an average of 2.66 alleles per primer pair. Based on SSR genotyping, these pathotypes could be grouped into two clades with further two subclades each. Many of the Lr genes present in Indian wheat germplasm (Lr1, Lr3a, Lr10, Lr11, Lr14a, Lr15, Lr16, Lr17, Lr20, Lr23, and Lr26) were ineffective to a majority of the pathotypes. Most of these varieties possessed a high degree of leaf rust resistance. The field resistance of wheat varieties could be attributed to the interaction of genes, unknown resistance, or adult plant resistance.

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