Analysis of genetic diversity within Australian lucerne cultivars and implications for future genetic improvement

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Musial ◽  
K. E. Basford ◽  
J. A. G. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is autotetraploid, and predominantly allogamous. This complex breeding structure maximises the genetic diversity within lucerne populations making it difficult to genetically discriminate between populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of random genetic diversity within and between a selection of Australian-grown lucerne cultivars, with tetraploid M. falcata included as a possible divergent control source. This diversity was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). Nineteen plants from each of 10 cultivars were analysed. Using 11 RAPD primers, 96 polymorphic bands were scored as present or absent across the 190 individuals. Genetic similarity estimates (GSEs) of all pair-wise comparisons were calculated from these data. Mean GSEs within cultivars ranged from 0.43 to 0.51. Cultivar Venus (0.43) had the highest level of intra-population genetic diversity and cultivar Sequel HR (0.51) had the lowest level of intra-population genetic diversity. Mean GSEs between cultivars ranged from 0.31 to 0.49, which overlapped with values obtained for within-cultivar GSE, thus not allowing separation of the cultivars. The high level of intra- and inter-population diversity that was detected is most likely due to the breeding of synthetic cultivars using parents derived from a number of diverse sources. Cultivar-specific polymorphisms were only identified in the M. falcata source, which like M. sativa, is outcrossing and autotetraploid. From a cluster analysis and a principal components analysis, it was clear that M. falcata was distinct from the other cultivars. The results indicate that the M. falcata accession tested has not been widely used in Australian lucerne breeding programs, and offers a means of introducing new genetic diversity into the lucerne gene pool. This provides a means of maximising heterozygosity, which is essential to maximising productivity in lucerne.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic diversity in 19 Glycine max (L.) Merr. accessions included in the Czech National Collection of soybean genotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baránek ◽  
M. Kadlec ◽  
J. Raddová ◽  
M. Vachůn ◽  
M. Pidra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Rapd Polymorphism ◽  
Selection Of

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to evaluate both genetic diversity among 19 soybean accessions included in the Czech National Collection of Soybean Genotypes and their potential as a new source of genetic variations for soybean breeding programs. Only 22 of all the 40 random primers used in RAPD reactions showed polymorphism acceptable for an effective characterisation of these accessions. Altogether 122 highly reproducible RAPD fragments were generated, 55 of them were polymorphic (46%). However, because of the previously observed low degree of RAPD polymorphism in the case of Glycine max, fragments with low level of informativeness were evaluated, too. Presented results enable the selection of genetically distinct individuals. Such information may be useful to breeders willing to use genetically diverse introductions in soybean improvement process. 

Genetic diversity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Lawson ◽  
RJ Henry ◽  
JK Kochman ◽  
GA Kong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sunflower Genome ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Selection Of

A cross-section of sunflower genotypes grown in Australia including commercial cultivars (Suncross 40R, Hysun 33, Hysun 45CQ, Advance, DK3873), breeding lines (Sunfola, S37- 388, PhRR3, HA-R2, MC29, MC69, S37-388RR), wild sunflower varieties (H. annuus, H. argophyllus), a distantly related species (Tithonia diversifolia), and a hexaploid/diploid cross (H. tuberosus L.x H. annuus L.) were assessed for genetic diversity using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. A considerable amount of polymorphism was revealed. Of the total of 158 markers amplified, 133 were polymorphic for at least one pair-wise comparison within the 16 genotypes. Overall, 33% dissimilarity was detected, with an average of 27% dissimilarity revealed among the hybrids and breeding lines, which exhibited 38% dissimilarity to the wild varieties H. annuus and H. tuberosus, and 51% dissimilarity to Tithonia and H. tuberosus x H, annuus. PCR of the 5S ribosomal RNA gene spacer region did not reveal any polymorphisms among the cultivated and breeding lines, but did distinguish between H. tuberosus and the other wild species. This survey of a selection of sunflower genotypes indicates that the genetic base of domesticated sunflower may be quite wide. These results suggest that RAPD methodology will provide an efficient tool for the analysis of the sunflower genome, in particular in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and population structure of clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a fine geographic scale: a comparison with two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Kuan Li ◽  
Ying-Qiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Zingiber Zerumbet ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background There has always been controversy over whether clonal plants have lower genetic diversity than plants that reproduce sexually. These conflicts could be attributed to the fact that few studies have taken into account the mating system of sexually reproducing plants and their phylogenetic distance. Moreover, most clonal plants in these previous studies regularly produce sexual progeny. Here, we describe a study examining the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation within and between local populations of fully clonal Zingiber zerumbet at a microgeographical scale and compare the results with data for the closely related selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. Such studies could disentangle the phylogenetic and sexually reproducing effect on genetic variation of clonal plants, and thus contribute to an improved understanding in the clonally reproducing effects on genetic diversity and population structure. Results The results revealed that the level of local population genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet was comparable to that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum and significantly higher than that of selfing Z. corallinum. However, the level of microgeographic genetic diversity of clonal Z. zerumbet is comparable to that of selfing Z. corallinum and even slightly higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. The genetic differentiation among local populations of clonal Z. zerumbet was significantly lower than that of selfing Z. corallinum, but higher than that of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. A stronger spatial genetic structure appeared within local populations of Z. zerumbet compared with selfing Z. corallinum and outcrossing Z. nudicarpum. Conclusions Our study shows that fully clonal plants are able not only to maintain a high level of within-population genetic diversity like outcrossing plants, but can also maintain a high level of microgeographic genetic diversity like selfing plant species, probably due to the accumulation of somatic mutations and absence of a capacity for sexual reproduction. We suggest that conservation strategies for the genetic diversity of clonal and selfing plant species should be focused on the protection of all habitat types, especially fragments within ecosystems, while maintenance of large populations is a key to enhance the genetic diversity of outcrossing species.

scholarly journals Study genetic diversity in maize inbreds and improved hybrid vigor in hybrids produce to determine commercial hybrids in Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-731
Author(s):  
Ziyad A. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
High Level

 A field experiments was conducted in greenhouse to determinate the genetic diversity among 7 genotypes from maize(4 inbreds and 3hybrids) by using molecular markers with Random Amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD),that shown high level of polymorphism among genotypes of maize ,where the percentage of polymorphism ranged from(66%) and (83.33%) the highest number of polymorphism band (16) and size fragment ranged between (3800 bp) with the primer ( Bnlg 1185 ) and the lowest 180 with the primer( Bnlg 1464).The genetic distance value ranged between (0.3451) and (0.6534) ,where the lowest genic distance between (k1 and k2),while the highest genetic distance between(k4) and (k3xk4).In this study RAPD markers were shown to be powerful to detect genetic diversity and provided us high polymorphism values within genotypes of maize ,also we can conclude for useful those primers for genetic studies in plant breeding programs for developing synthetic cultivars or improved inbreds of maize. 

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces through RAPD markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
R Gupta ◽  
SN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

The molecular marker is a useful tool for assessing genetic variations and resolving cultivar identities. Information on genetic diversity and relationships among rice landraces from Bangladesh is currently very limited. Thirty-five rice genotypes including 33 landraces and 01 HYV of Bangladesh and 1 Indian landrace of particular interest to breeding programs were evaluated by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. For molecular characterization, RAPD markers viz., OPC 03, OPC 04 and OPA 01 gave reproducible and distinct polymorphic amplified products. A total of 20 RAPD bands were scored of which 15 polymorphic amplification products were obtained by using these arbitrary primers. The size of amplified fragments were ranged from 550 to 1775 bp. Based on analysis performed on a similarity matrix using UPGMA, 35 genotypes were grouped into 2 main clusters. Landrace Sylhet balam and Mota aman was totally different from other genotypes. The information will facilitate selection of genotypes to serve as parents for effective rice breeding programs in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21099 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 77-87, June, 2014

KERAGAMAN GENETIK INDUK UDANG WINDU DI PERAIRAN SELATAN PANGANDARAN DAN BINUANGEUN, JAWABARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratu Siti Aliah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Mtdna Diversity

An evaluation of the Black Tiger Brood Stock (Penaeus monodon) genetic diversity of Pangandaran and Binuangeun was conducted by using the mtDNA diversity of two gene locus of CO I and 12S rRNA to understand their population genetic diversity. The result show that the brood stock of Pangandaran has 17 haplotipe, while from Binuangeun has 13 haplotipe. The result indicated that the genetic diversity of the Balck Tiger brood stock of Pangandaran was higher than thatBinuangeun.Key words : Genetic diversity, Black Tiger brood stock, Pangandaran, Binuangeun

Microsatellite analysis of population genetic diversity in Triplophysa xiangxiensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong YAO ◽  
Lingfu KONG ◽  
Dengqiang WANG ◽  
Wenhui HE ◽  
Li HE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) accessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimar Abdiel Perez ◽  
Pumipat Tongyoo ◽  
Julapark Chunwongse ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Anucha Wongpraneekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored a germplasm collection consisting of 112 Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) accessions, mainly from Thailand. A total of 2834 SNPs were used to establish population structure and underlying genetic diversity while exploring the fruit characteristics together with genetic information which would help in the selection of parental lines for a breeding program. The study found that the average polymorphism information content value of 0.288 which indicates a moderate genetic diversity for this L. acutangula germplasm. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK at K = 6) allowed us to group the accessions into six subpopulations that corresponded well with the unrooted phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analyses. When plotted, the STRUCTURE bars to the area of collection, we observed an admixed genotype from surrounding accessions and a geneflow confirmed by the value of FST = 0.137. AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed a low 12.83% variation between subpopulations that correspond well with the negative inbreeding coefficient value (FIS =  − 0.092) and low total fixation index (FIT = 0.057). There were distinguishing fruit shapes and length characteristics in specific accessions for each subpopulation. The genetic diversity and different fruit shapes in the L. acutangula germplasm could benefit the ridge gourd breeding programs to meet the demands and needs of consumers, farmers, and vegetable exporters such as increasing the yield of fruit by the fruit width but not by the fruit length to solve the problem of fruit breakage during exportation.

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