Microsatellites as markers for Australian wheat improvement

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Harker ◽  
L. R. Rampling ◽  
M. R. Shariflou ◽  
M. J. Hayden ◽  
T. A. Holton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Mapping Populations

Microsatellite markers have been shown to be highly polymorphic and simple to use in hexaploid wheat. This study aimed to establish microsatellites as informative markers for Australian wheat improvement. By screening microsatellites developed as part of the Wheat Microsatellite Consortium and other available microsatellite sources, 257 informative microsatellites for Australian wheat varieties were identified and reported in the Australian National Wheat Molecular Marker Program microsatellite database (http://www.scu.edu.au/research/cpcg/). Of these, 151 microsatellites identifying 172 loci were scored on at least 1 of 4 double haploid mapping populations and were then integrated, where possible, into existing genetic maps. Polymorphism information content values were calculated for most microsatellites to establish a reference for their value for future investigations. The mapping of available microsatellites enhances the quality of the genetic maps and may provide useful genetic markers for traits of interest to the Australian wheat breeding programs.

Evolving usage of materials from CIMMYT in developing Australian wheat varieties

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Brennan ◽  
Kathryn J. Quade
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Over Time

Wheat genetic materials developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico for developing countries and varieties developed from those genetic materials have resulted in yield increases in Australia. The usage of the genetic materials obtained from CIMMYT has evolved over time, with fewer Australian varieties resulting from either direct CIMMYT crosses or having a CIMMYT line as a parent. There has been an increasing tendency to use adapted Australian lines with CIMMYT ancestry, rather than CIMMYT lines, as parents. These changes are examined, both in terms of varieties released in Australia and for the shares of wheat area sown to crosses of different origins, for each Australian state. The results demonstrate that for the benefits of international developments to be made available to Australian producers, Australian-based breeding programs are essential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Molecular Marker Associated with the Tan Spot Disease Response in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Pao Theen See ◽  
Caroline S. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Tan Spot Disease

After nearly 40 years of DNA molecular marker development in plant breeding, the wheat research community has amassed an extensive collection of molecular markers which have been widely and successfully used for selection of agronomic, physiological and disease resistance traits in wheat breeding programs. Tan spot is a major fungal disease of wheat and a significant global economic challenge and is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr). Here, the potential for using a PCR-based marker (Ta1AS3422) present on the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A, was evaluated for effectiveness in distinguishing tan spot disease susceptibility. The marker was initially screened against 40 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties, and those that amplified the marker had an overall lower disease score (2.8 ± 0.7 for seedlings and 2.4 ± 0.4 for plants at the tillering stage), compared to those lacking the marker which exhibited a higher disease score (3.6 ± 0.8 for both growth stages). The potential of Ta1AS3422 as a marker for the tan spot disease response was further assessed against a panel of 100 commercial Australian hexaploid wheat varieties. A significant association was observed between marker absence/presence and tan spot disease rating (Pearson’s chi-squared test, χ2 (6) = 20.53, p = 0.002), with absence of Ta1AS3422 associated with susceptibility. This simple and cost-effective PCR-based marker may be useful for varietal improvement against tan spot, although further work is required to validate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Effects of Post-Anthesis Heat Waves on the Grain Quality of Seven European Wheat Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Tomás ◽  
Wanda Viegas ◽  
Manuela Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
First Time

Wheat is undoubtedly one of the most important crops worldwide and it is essential to study how the distinct varieties answer to heat waves associated with climatic changes, in order to design adequate wheat breeding strategies. To assess high temperature (HT) impact in wheat grain characteristics, seven commercial varieties, which have been recommended for production in Portugal, were submitted for one-week HT treatment ten days after anthesis. Firstly, predicted grain technological quality was determined by giving high scores for all varieties studied, based on the allelic compositions of genes encoding high molecular weight glutenins, granule-bound starch synthase and puroindolines. The effects of HT on transcription levels of those genes were, for the first time, evaluated in distinct wheat genotypes, in comparison with control plants. Finally, protein fraction content in mature grains were also estimated in untreated and treated plants. Immature grains from plants, maintained in control conditions, showed significant intervarietal differences in transcription levels of genes associated with grain quality traits, a variability that was significantly reduced in grains from HT treated plants. On the other hand, the influence of HT in mature grain protein-fractions and in gliadin/glutenin ratios revealed intervarietal diversity, even with opposite effects in some varieties. The present study, therefore, discloses marked variability in parameters associated with flour quality between the wheat varieties analyzed, which are differentially affected by HT treatments, similar to heat waves frequently observed in climate change scenarios.

The effect of stripe rust on the quality of Australian wheat varieties

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JS Brown ◽  
JF Panozzo ◽  
MJ Archer
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Dough Development Time ◽  
Milling Yield ◽  
Disease Free

The effect of stripe rust on the processing quality of Australian wheat varieties was examined over a four year period. Each year in field experiments, stripe rust was allowed to develop naturally on one half of each plot block while the other was kept disease free using three weekly applications of fungicide. Changes in grain quality were observed with susceptible varieties when subjected to an epiphytotic of the disease. Stripe rust caused kernels to be shrivelled, which resulted in reduced test weight and flour milling yield and increased grain protein content. Dough properties were also affected. Dough development time was shorter, mixing tolerance deteriorated and extensograph maximum resistance was lower for susceptible varieties affected by the disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation and identification of resistance to powdery mildew in Indian wheat varieties under artificially created epiphytotic

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
R. Selvakumar ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
C. N. Mishra ◽  
V. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
North Western

Wheat production is globally weighed down by several biotic factors of which rusts and powdery mildew are the most important. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is becoming a disease of major importance in the North Western Plains Zone and Northern Hills Zone of the country. In the present context ofclimate variability, diseases like powdery mildew can assume greater importance in wheat breeding programs. Importance of basic studies on powdery mildew is the need of hour. A set of 370 Indian bread wheat, durum, dicoccum and triticale varieties were screened using mixture of natural occurring pathotypes from four locations(viz., Karnal, Ludhiana, Dhaulakuan and Yamunanagar) under polyhouse conditions. Data were recorded on the severity of infection based on 0-9 scale. Out of 370, only 23 varieties (Amrut, DDK 1025, DWR 1006, DWR 195, GW 1139, HD 4672, HD 4530, HD 2278, HD 1981, DDK 1001, HI 8627, Jay, TL 2942, DT 46, K 8020, DDK 1029, K 9107, K 816, Lok 1, MACS 6145, DDK 1009, NP 111 and NP 200) had shown immune reaction (0) whereas 150, 83 and 114 varieties have shown resistance (1-3), moderately susceptible (4-6) and highly susceptible (>6) response respectively against powdery mildew. Data indicated that there is an urgent need to broaden the genetic base of wheat by identifying and introgressing new sources of powdery mildew resistance. With limited sources of PM resistance available, above identified genotypes can be further used and characterized for resistance breeding programs in India.

Characterization of the high α -amylase levels in grain of the wheat cultivar BD 159

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Mares ◽  
K Mrva ◽  
JF Panozzo
Keyword(s):  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
New South ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Late Maturity

TThe advanced wheat breeding line BD 159, from Victoria, exhibited a wide variation in falling number values at trial sites in 1990 when corresponding values for standard cultivars were uniformly high. The variable and unpredictable behaviour of BD 159 appears to be typical of a number of advanced lines and parental stocks from Australian breeding programs. The grain samples of BD 159 with low falling numbers had elevated levels of a-amylase which was distributed evenly in the proximal and distal halves of the grains. This distribution pattern, which was quite distinct from the steep gradient in a-amylase activity typical of germinated grains, and the absence of any evidence of sprouting indicated that the anomalous behaviour of BD 159 is a new and different form of the late maturity a-amylase syndrome previously described in wheat varieties such as Spica and Lerma 52. The high levels of a-amylase were reproduced at Narrabri in northern New South Wales when plants were transplanted from the field and allowed to ripen in a cool temperature glasshouse. Plants which were left to ripen in the field produced grain with a very low a-amylase activity.

GRINDING TIME—A SCREENING TEST FOR KERNEL HARDNESS IN WHEAT

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. KOSMOLAK
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Grinding Time

A test for screening early generation wheat lines for kernel hardness is described. The test is rapid, uses small samples and is easily performed. Resulting grinding times can be used to classify wheat according to hardness, to detect possible seed damage, to give an estimate of the potential milling and baking quality of wheat and to make quality screening more efficient. Differences between hard and soft wheats are large so that protein content, kernel size and percent moisture have little effect on the use of grinding time as a quality screening test in wheat breeding programs in western Canada.

Haplotype analyses in wheat for complex traits: tracking the chromosome 3B and 7B regions associated with late maturity alpha amylase (LMA) in breeding programs

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. McNeil ◽  
D. Diepeveen ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
I. Barclay ◽  
R. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Chromosome 3B

The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 7BL and 3BS from Halberd have been used as a major source of tolerance to late maturity α amylase (LMA) within Australian wheat breeding programs. New simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers identified from the sequencing of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones from the wheat cv. Renan library, and known SSRs, were used to characterise these major QTLs. The reduction or elimination of the LMA defect in wheat cultivars is a major goal for wheat breeding programs and is confounded by the complexity in measuring the trait unambiguously. In this haplotyping study focussing on two significant chromosomal regions, markers and combinations of markers were investigated for their ability to discriminate between 39 Australian and Mexican wheat lines differing in levels of LMA. Genetic relationships among these wheat lines estimated by cluster analysis of molecular marker data were combined with phenotypic information in order to calibrate the genotypes of the wheat lines against their LMA phenotype. It was evident that some SSRs from the respective QTLs had greater discriminating power than others to identify LMA phenotypes. Discrimination was not, however, absolute and a statistical analysis of the data defined a risk factor associated with particular combinations of alleles, for use in early selection or backcrossing.

Contributions of glutenin and puroindoline genes to grain quality traits in southern Australian wheat breeding programs

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
Karen Cane ◽  
R. F. Eastwood ◽  
G. J. Hollamby ◽  
Haydn Kuchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dough Development Time ◽  
Milling Yield

Glutenin genes were known to influence maximum dough resistance (Rmax), dough extensibility (extensibility), and dough development time, whereas puroindoline genes were known to influence grain hardness, flour water absorption (water absorption), and milling yield. These are important determinants of grain quality of wheat in Australia. This study was conducted to investigate the combined effect of these genes on Rmax, extensibility, dough development time, water absorption, and milling yield in a large dataset assembled from the breeding programs based at Horsham, Victoria; Roseworthy, South Australia; and Wagga Wagga, New South Wales; for at least 10 seasons. The effect of the glutenin genes on Rmax, extensibility, and dough development time was confirmed, as was the effect of the puroindoline genes on water absorption and milling yield. In addition, puroindoline genes were shown to significantly affect extensibility and dough development time. The Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b genotype increased extensibility, dough development time, and milling yield relative to the Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a genotype. Both of these genotypes are present in cultivars classified as hard-grained in southern Australia. Therefore, the allelic composition of both glutenin and puroindoline genes is required to predict the grain quality of hard wheat in southern Australian breeding programs. The glutenin and puroindoline genes in combination accounted for more than 50% of the genotypic variance for these traits, except for milling yield, but a substantial proportion of the genotypic variation could not be attributed to these genes, indicating that other genes affecting the traits were present in the populations of these wheat-breeding programs.

Correlation analysis of HMW sub-units and baking quality-related traits in Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajalakshmi Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
Hmw Glutenin

High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and baking quality-related traits were studied in 50 Indian wheat landraces. Scoring of germplasm based on electrophoresis patterns using the Payne method showed that the quality scores varied from 4 to 8. Based on this scoring, 13 cultivars were ranked as superior. Cluster analysis based on electrophoresis patterns and Jaccard similarity criteria divided the cultivars into five groups, with 13 cultivars in the first cluster. There was no similarity between the grouping pattern based on HMW glutenin sub-units and quality-related traits. In the present study, the quality of the flour of six wheat varieties was weak, so these varieties were only suitable for biscuit making. The flour of 31 wheat varieties showed medium strength. The remaining 13 wheat varieties had strong flour. Considering the great variation observed for quality-related traits and HMW glutenin sub-units, it can be concluded that these cultivars are potential sources of desirable quality traits for use in bread wheat breeding programmes to improve bread-making quality.

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