Variation within and between F2-derived families for grain yield and barley malting quality

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Q. Lu ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
I. M. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Infrared Transmittance ◽  
Selection For ◽  
F2 Generation

Variation within and between F2-derived families for grain yield and malting quality was investigated using F4 breeding lines derived from F2 families of 4 barley crosses. The variation between F2-derived families was greater than within F2-derived families for grain yield and all malting quality attributes. Superior segregates almost exclusively came from the best performing families. The greater similarity of lines eventually drawn from an F2-derived family has significant implications for selection strategies in barley breeding programs as it facilitates the early discard of F2-derived families. To maximise the exploitation of genetic variation as early as possible, selection for malting quality could start in the F2 generation using near infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy and for grain yield in the F3 generation.

Barley malting quality and yield interrelationships and the effect on yield distribution of selection for malting quality in the early generations

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Q. Lu ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
I. M. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Diastatic Power ◽  
Selection For

Relationships between malting quality attributes and grain yield in segregating populations can profoundly influence the intensity and sequence of trait selection. Consequently, the interrelationships between malting quality parameters predicted by near infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy, grain weight, and grain yield in unselected populations of F2, F3, and F4 breeding lines from 4 barley crosses were examined. The simple and partial correlations between malt extract, protein content, and diastatic power were similar to those reported in previous studies except for a positive correlation between malt extract and diastatic power in the F2 and F3 generations. This positive relationship should enhance selection for improved malting quality in breeding programs. There were no relationships between grain yield and malting quality attributes, which would have an adverse impact on the intensity and sequence of trait selection. The effect of F2 and F3 selection for malting quality on F3 and F4 yield distributions was estimated by comparing the F3 and F4 yield distributions of the entire unselected population with those for the selected populations. Individual selection and sequential independent selection in the F2 and F3 generation for malting quality parameters predicted by NIT spectroscopy and grain weight in 4 crosses generally did not alter the nature of the subsequent yield distributions, yet 78–90% of lines could be discarded and there still existed adequate genetic gain for grain yield in the retained population of potentially good malting quality lines. These results indicate that barley breeders could use NIT spectroscopy to efficiently select in the early generations for malting quality prior to the conduct of yield testing and obtain good genetic gain for both malting quality and grain yield.

Environmental and genetic variation for grain yield and barley malting quality attributes

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Q. Lu ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
I. M. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For

Genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction effects for malting quality attributes and grain yield were investigated using breeding lines from the F2, F3, and F4 generations and the parental varieties of 4 barley crosses. There were significant differences between the parental varieties for all attributes studied. Both malting quality and grain yield exhibited a wide range among progenies in all generations. While performance of the parental varieties and progeny for malting quality and grain yield were greatly influenced by environment, performance in one environment was predictive of that in other environments. Only for grain protein content was there evidence of crossover G × E interaction. Heritability was generally higher for F3 to F4 than for F2 to F3 for all malting quality attributes. F3 on F2 regression per cent heritability estimates for protein content, potential malt extract and grain weight were all highly significant with values generally medium in magnitude. Genetic gain was obtained from selection in both the F2 and F3 generations. Heritability and genetic gain varied from cross to cross for diastatic power. Progress from selection for the other quality attributes attests to the potential value of NIT (near infrared transmittance) spectroscopy for predicting potential malting quality. Heritability for F2 to F3 for grain yield was not significant in any cross, indicating selection for yield on the basis of individual F2 plant yield was ineffective. Heritability for grain yield from F3 to F4 was highly significant and medium in magnitude for 3 of the 4 crosses. The results of this study indicate that good genetic gain could be expected from early generation selection for potential malting quality using NIT spectroscopy and for grain yield using F3 progeny testing.

A comparative study for yield performance and adaptation of some Australian and CIMMYT/ICARDA wheat genotypes grown at selected locations in Australia and the WANA region

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivapalan ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
G. Ortiz-Ferrara ◽  
G. J. Hollamby ◽  
I. Barclay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Regional Adaptation

A regional adaptation analysis was conducted to provide a basis for effective and efficient wheat germplasm exchange between Australia and the WANA region. A set of 38 Australian and CIMMYT/ICARDA genotypes was tested for grain yield in 29 environments in Australia and the WANA region for 3 years commencing in 1994–95 season. Classification analysis of grain yield data identified 9 genotypic groups and 5 environmental groups with similar patterns in yield performance within each group. Genotypes with similar origin and pedigree were similar in yield performance across environments in Australia and the WANA region. Environmental conditions across both regions showed similarity in discriminating genotypes for their yield performance. Genotypes Attila, Spear, Excalibur, and 82Y:1186 were highest yielding in Australia and the WANA region. However, genotypes Nesser, Pfau/Seri//Bow, Hartog, Vulcan, and Sunland showed wide adaptation across both regions. Genotypes Cranbrook, Genaro 81, Seri 82, Kauz, SUN 190A, and Pgo/Seri 82 showed specific adaptation to favourable environments. Genotypes in each group, based on yield performance, showed differing degrees of yield stability. Pfau/Seri//Bow has the potential for release for commercial production in Australia and the WANA region. The genotypes Pfau/Seri//Bow, Hartog, Sunland, and Vulcan could be used in trials in both regions as indicator varieties to evaluate new breeding lines for mutual exchange between the 2 sets of breeding programs.

scholarly journals Aerial High-Throughput Phenotyping Enabling Indirect Selection for Grain Yield at the Early-generation Seed-limited Stages in Breeding Programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret R. Krause ◽  
Suchismita Mondal ◽  
José Crossa ◽  
Ravi P. Singh ◽  
Francisco Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Seed Increase ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTBreeding programs for wheat and many other crops require one or more generations of seed increase before replicated yield trials can be sown. Extensive phenotyping at this stage of the breeding cycle is challenging due to the small plot size and large number of lines under evaluation. Therefore, breeders typically rely on visual selection of small, unreplicated seed increase plots for the promotion of breeding lines to replicated yield trials. With the development of aerial high-throughput phenotyping technologies, breeders now have the ability to rapidly phenotype thousands of breeding lines for traits that may be useful for indirect selection of grain yield. We evaluated early generation material in the irrigated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding program at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center to determine if aerial measurements of vegetation indices assessed on small, unreplicated plots were predictive of grain yield. To test this approach, two sets of 1,008 breeding lines were sown both as replicated yield trials and as small, unreplicated plots during two breeding cycles. Vegetation indices collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle in the small plots were observed to be heritable and moderately correlated with grain yield assessed in replicated yield trials. Furthermore, vegetation indices were more predictive of grain yield than univariate genomic selection, while multi-trait genomic selection approaches that combined genomic information with the aerial phenotypes were found to have the highest predictive abilities overall. A related experiment showed that selection approaches for grain yield based on vegetation indices could be more effective than visual selection; however, selection on the vegetation indices alone would have also driven a directional response in phenology due to confounding between those traits. A restricted selection index was proposed for improving grain yield without affecting the distribution of phenology in the breeding population. The results of these experiments provide a promising outlook for the use of aerial high-throughput phenotyping traits to improve selection at the early-generation seed-limited stage of wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals (1) Genetic Diversity of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Breeding Lines from Different Countries Determined by AFLP Markers

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 998A-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinggui Fang ◽  
Panchanoor S. Devanand ◽  
Chih Cheng T. Chao ◽  
Philip A. Roberts ◽  
Jeff D. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
South America ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines

Cowpea (2n=2x=22) is a high protein, short-cycle, and essential legume food crop of the tropics, especially in the low input agricultural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and South America. Lack of genetic diversity within breeding programs can limit long-term gains from selection. The cowpea gene pool is thought to be narrow and the genetic diversity within breeding programs could be even less diverse. Genetic relationships among 87 cowpea accessions, including 60 advanced breeding lines from six breeding programs in Africa and the United States, and 27 accessions from Africa, Asia, and South America were examined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with six near-infrared fluorescence labeled EcoR I + 3/Mse I + 3 primer sets. A total of 382 bands were scored among the accessions with 207 polymorphic bands (54.2%). Overall, the 87 cowpea accessions have narrow genetic basis and they shared minimum 86% genetic similarities. The data also show that the advanced breeding lines of different programs have higher genetic affinities with lines from the same program but not with lines from other programs. The results suggest that there is a need to incorporate additional germplasm of different genetic background into these breeding lines and to ensure the long-term genetic gains of the programs.

scholarly journals Generalizable approaches for genomic prediction of metabolites in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J Brzozowski ◽  
Malachy T Campbell ◽  
Haixiao Hu ◽  
Melanie Caffe ◽  
Lucia Guterrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Selection For

Plant metabolites are important for plant breeders to improve nutrition and agronomic performance, yet integrating selection for metabolomic traits is limited by phenotyping expense and limited genetic characterization, especially of uncommon metabolites. As such, developing biologically-based and generalizable genomic selection methods for metabolites that are transferable across plant populations would benefit plant breeding programs. We tested genomic prediction accuracy for more than 600 metabolites measured by GC-MS and LC-MS in oat (Avena sativa L.) seed. Using a discovery germplasm panel, we conducted metabolite GWAS (mGWAS) and selected loci to use in multi-kernel models that encompassed metabolome-wide mGWAS results, or mGWAS from specific metabolite structures or biosynthetic pathways. Metabolite kernels developed from LC-MS metabolites in the discovery panel improved prediction accuracy of LC-MS metabolite traits in the validation panel, consisting of more advanced breeding lines. No approach, however, improved prediction accuracy for GC-MS metabolites. We tested if similar metabolites had consistent model ranks and found that, while different metrics of similarity had different results, using annotation-free methods to group metabolites led to consistent within-group model rankings. Overall, testing biological rationales for developing kernels for genomic prediction across populations, contributes to developing frameworks for plant breeding for metabolite traits.

scholarly journals Selection For Resistance and Tolerance to Oat Mosaic Virus and Oat Golden Stripe Virus in Hexaploid Oats

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Walker ◽  
Steven Leath ◽  
J. Paul Murphy ◽  
Steven A. Lommel
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Tissue ◽  
Multiple Determination ◽  
Selection For ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Coker 716, a hexaploid oat cultivar resistant to both oat mosaic virus (OMV) and oat golden stripe virus (OGSV) was crossed to three susceptible cultivars (Brooks, Madison, and Tech) to form three individual populations. Individual breeding lines were derived from each cross in the F2 generation and tested in plots consisting of equally spaced individual hills in OMV- and OGSV-infested soils and non-infested soils to evaluate resistance and yield loss of individual lines. Foliar symptoms, harvest index, and yield loss were examined as selection criteria for resistant genotypes. The study was conducted over 2 years at two North Carolina locations that differed in soil type and climate. Multiple regression models describing yield loss in each cross due to rating, year, and location were calculated. Coefficients of multiple determination in these models ranged from 0.39 to 0.51. Yield loss ranged from 39 to 60% among different crosses. Infection by OMV and OGSV accounted for the majority of yield loss in two of the populations. Disease severity varied widely over years and locations. The results suggest that selection of lines with symptomatic tissue of 10% or less, or selection of tolerant lines, is needed for breeding progress.

Corrigendum to: A comparative study for yield performance and adaptation of some Australian and CIMMYT/ICARDA wheat genotypes grown at selected locations in Australia and the WANA region

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivapalan ◽  
L. O'Brien ◽  
G. Ortiz-Ferrara ◽  
G. J. Hollamby ◽  
I. Barclay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Regional Adaptation

A regional adaptation analysis was conducted to provide a basis for effective and efficient wheat germplasm exchange between Australia and the WANA region. A set of 38 Australian and CIMMYT/ICARDA genotypes was tested for grain yield in 29 environments in Australia and the WANA region for 3 years commencing in 1994–95 season. Classification analysis of grain yield data identified 9 genotypic groups and 5 environmental groups with similar patterns in yield performance within each group. Genotypes with similar origin and pedigree were similar in yield performance across environments in Australia and the WANA region. Environmental conditions across both regions showed similarity in discriminating genotypes for their yield performance. Genotypes Attila, Spear, Excalibur, and 82Y:1186 were highest yielding in Australia and the WANA region. However, genotypes Nesser, Pfau/Seri//Bow, Hartog, Vulcan, and Sunland showed wide adaptation across both regions. Genotypes Cranbrook, Genaro 81, Seri 82, Kauz, SUN 190A, and Pgo/Seri 82 showed specific adaptation to favourable environments. Genotypes in each group, based on yield performance, showed differing degrees of yield stability. Pfau/Seri//Bow has the potential for release for commercial production in Australia and the WANA region. The genotypes Pfau/Seri//Bow, Hartog, Sunland, and Vulcan could be used in trials in both regions as indicator varieties to evaluate new breeding lines for mutual exchange between the 2 sets of breeding programs.

Postemergence Herbicide Tolerance Variation in Peanut Germplasm

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
Barry L. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Peanut Cultivars ◽  
Lower Tolerance

Although herbicide tolerance is not usually evaluated until the final stages of breeding programs, this trait is very important for grower adoption of new peanut cultivars. Understanding herbicide tolerance of breeding lines could help breeders develop selection strategies that maximize herbicide tolerance in new commercial cultivars. However, little is known about herbicide tolerance variability in peanut germplasm. Thirty-five randomly selected breeding lines from the peanut mini-core collection and cultivars ‘Florida-07’ and ‘Georgia-06G’ were evaluated for tolerance to 11 herbicides under greenhouse conditions. Variation among peanut lines in herbicide tolerance, measured as dry weight reductions (DWR), was similar across herbicides and was normally distributed. Florida-07 and Georgia-06G were in the lower two quartiles of injury and DWR among the evaluated peanut lines. Dose–response experiments showed that the most tolerant breeding lines had I50(the rate required to cause 50% injury) and GR50(the rate required to reduce dry weight 50%) values 0.4 to 2.5 times higher than the most susceptible lines, depending on the herbicide. A breeding line had a dicamba GR5013 times higher than the most susceptible line and 2.8 and 4.7 times higher than Florida-07 and Georgia-06G, respectively. The most tolerant lines were consistently tolerant to herbicides with different mechanisms of action, suggesting that nontarget site mechanisms are more likely to be responsible for the tolerance than target-site mutations. These results confirmed peanut-breeding programs would greatly benefit from screening breeding lines for tolerance to key herbicides and developing an herbicide-tolerance catalog. This information can be used when designing new crosses to reduce the risk of developing cultivars with low herbicide tolerance especially considering that one-half of the breeding lines exhibited lower tolerance than the commercial cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic control of soybean earliness and yield through the Hayman methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
André Ricardo Gomes Bezerra ◽  
Tuneo Sediyama ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Felipe Lopes da Silva ◽  
Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
F1 Generation

The understanding of the genetic control involved in characters of agronomic interest is of extreme importance to breeders aiming at planning procedures for breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this work was to study genetic aspects related to earliness and grain yield found in the initial generations of soybean, twice each year. The study evaluated six soybean parentes (MSOY6101, RSF6563IPRO, TMG123RR, SYN9078RR, TMG801 and MSOY9144RR) and their 15 F1´s in a greenhouse, during winter and summer. A second experiment conducted at Prof. Diogo Alves de Melo experimental field, located on the UFV campus, in Vicosa-MG, during the 2014/2015 agricultural year assessed parents and their segregating populations (F2). In all experiments, information were collected from individual plants. Results showed that both additive and dominance effects were important for the genetic control of soybean earliness and grain yield. Number of days to flowering and maturation and grain yield for the F1 and F2 generations, in winter and summer, is determined by dominant alleles. In regards to the studied characters, there was partial dominance mainly for the F1 generation and overdominance for the F2 generation. Parents MSOY6101 and RSF6563IPRO showed greater concentration of favorable alleles for flowering and maturation time reduction, and parents TMG123RR and SYN9078RR for grain yield. Parents TMG801 and MSOY9144RR gave the best contribution to cycle retardation for the F2 generation.

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