Effects of agar media on sensitivity of isolates of Botrytis cinerea to fungicides.

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
T Wicks ◽  
D Volle
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Agar Media

Mycoflora of strawberry in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. McLean ◽  
J. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mycelial Fungi ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Mycelial fungi associated with leaves, flowers, and fruits of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) were monitored in a field plot from August 1986 to July 1987. The principal fungi found on leaves of various developmental stages were Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp., Colletotrichum dematium, Coniella fragariae, Epicoccum purpurascens, Gliocladium roseum, Gloeosporium sp., Gnomonia comari, Penicillium spp., Trichothecium roseum, and Verticillium spp. A majority of the fungi were observed more frequently on leaves that were washed and then plated on agar media than on leaves that were plated without washing. Trichothecium roseum, however, was found mainly on the unwashed leaves. Principal fungi on calyces, petals, and fruits were A. alternata, B. cinerea, Gloeosporium sp., Pencillium spp., T. roseum, and Verticillium spp. Other fungi variously found on the flowers and fruits included Rhizopus stolonifer, Paecilomyces spp., C. dematium, and Fusarium spp. Many of the fungi found frequently on the strawberry plants were present at most or all stages of development and decline of the various plant organs. The mycofloral observations are discussed in relation to the biocontrol of strawberry diseases. Key words: strawberry, mycoflora, Botrytis cinerea, population dynamics.

scholarly journals Contrast Between Orange- and Black-Colored Sclerotial Isolates of Botrytis cinerea: Melanogenesis and Ecological Fitness

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjun Zhou ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jingyi Yang ◽  
Long Yang ◽  
Mingde Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
First Time

Botrytis cinerea usually produces grayish mycelia and conidia as well as black-colored sclerotia (BS) due to accumulation of melanin. An isolate (XN-1) of B. cinerea producing orange-colored sclerotia (OS) on agar media was obtained from an orange-colored apothecium of an uncultured soil fungus. Whether or not the OS B. cinerea occurs on plants and how they differ from the BS isolates in melanogensis and ecological fitness remained unknown. This study, for the first time, confirmed the presence of the OS B. cinerea in strawberry and tomato plants that were surveyed in Hubei Province of China. Only five OS isolates were obtained from a total of 2,031 isolates surveyed from the two crops. The OS isolate XN-1 was compared and contrasted with the BS isolate B05.10 in sclerotial melanogenesis and ecological fitness. Sclerotial melanogenesis was evident in B05.10 but was deficient in XN-1. The OS were more susceptible to the two mycoparasites Trichoderma koningiopsis and Clonostachys rosea than the BS. The percentage of viable sclerotia after the mycoparasitism study was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in OS (21%) than in BS (48%). This study also reaffirmed the importance of melanization for survival of B. cinerea sclerotia.

​Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Botrytis cinerea Infecting Chickpea in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Manjunatha ◽  
Upasana Rani ◽  
T. Basavaraja ◽  
R. Jagadeeswaran ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Disease Severity Scale

Background: The Botrytis gray mold (BGM) caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr., has become a major threat for chickpea cultivation in India. In view of monetary significance of this disease and growing its spread into new regions through seed and soil (sclerotia) encouraged us to study variability of this pathogen from diverse regions. Methods: Botrytis cinerea infected chickpea samples were collected from Punjab and Uttarakhand states. Pathogen was isolated using chickpea dextrose agar media. Pathogenicity was proved by inoculation of spore suspension (3x105 spores’mL-1) of the fungus on susceptible cultivar. In vitro studies were conducted for observations of morphological and cultural variability of the fungus. The pathogenic fungus was also identified through molecular characterization using ITS primers. Result: The isolates were categorized into different groups based on growth rate of the pathogen on PDA media. Pathogenicity test proved that B. cinerea isolates from Punjab were showed less disease severity scale compared to Uttarakhand state isolates. The B. cinerea fungus prefers PDA for efficient growth and multiplication than Chickpea Dextrose Agar (CDA) media. There was no conspicuous difference in colour of the colony on PDA and CDA media. The colour of the mycelium were initially white or dirty white or greyish and sporulated culture shown to have as grey with profuse mass on the surface of the mycelium. The fungus B. fabae, a different species was also responsible for causing BGM disease which was confirmed through pathogenicity and ITS sequencing. Twenty-eight isolates were studied for diversity in cultural, morphological and molecular level. The diversity in colony colour, growth type and diameter of mycelial growth, sclerotia initiation, number and pattern of sclerotia formation were observed amongst the isolates. This study would help in designing breeding strategy for development of disease resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Resistance to dicarboximide and benzimidazole fungicides in Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse tomatoes in New Zealand

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 401-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Wright ◽  
S. Chng ◽  
R.E. Beever ◽  
J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Auckland Region ◽  
Dicarboximide Resistance ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Isolates from Botrytis cinerea collected from greenhouse tomato crops throughout New Zealand were tested for resistance to the dicarboximide fungicide vinclozolin and the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim by assessing fungal growth on agar media amended with the fungicides (100 ppm active ingredient for both fungicides) Benzimidazole resistant strains of B cinerea were found on 15 of the 18 properties examined and dicarboximideresistant strains were found on 11 properties Dicarboximide resistance was more prevalent in the Auckland region with 71 of isolates resistant compared to 5 of isolates resistant for the other three regions All of the strains that were resistant to dicarboximide were also resistant to benzimidazole The high levels of dicarboximide resistant strains in the Auckland region correspond to reported loss of fungicide efficacy and loss of disease control in some greenhouses in this region

scholarly journals Characterisation of Growth Variability and Mycelial Compatibility of Botrytis Cinerea Isolates Originated from Apple and Strawberry in Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Inga Moročko-Bičevska ◽  
Audrius Sasnauskas
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Growth Variability ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Mycelial Compatibility ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Very High

Abstract Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is a widespread necrotrophic pathogen causing grey mould on many economically important horticultural crops. The variability in various B. cinerea populations is known to be very high. Despite the economic importance, the variability of B. cinerea has not been investigated previously on fruit crops in Lithuania. The aim of the study was to characterise the variability of B. cinerea strains isolated from strawberry and apple in different growth conditions on various agar media and to assess mycelial compatibility among the isolates. Larger colony diameter after four days of incubation was observed for isolates from strawberry on potato dextrose and beer universal agars in 24 h dark or light regime, followed by pectin agar in 24 h light. Similarly, the maximum radial growth of the isolates from apple was on potato dextrose agar (dark), followed by beer universal agar (dark and light), after four days of incubation at 20 °C. In the mycelial compatibility tests, barrage formation was evident in mycelial contacts between several isolates, indicating their vegetative incompatibility. The tests revealed that 76% were compatible and 24% were incompatible among investigated strains.

Necrotrophic mycoparasitism ofBotrytis cinereaby cellulolytic and ligninocellulolytic Basidiomycetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J White ◽  
James A Traquair
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Chondrostereum Purpureum

Twenty-six isolates representing 17 species of aphyllophoraceous, wood-decaying Basidiomycetes and five species of agaricoid, turf-borne, thatch-decaying Basidiomycetes were screened for their abilities to degrade cellulose, lignin, and melanin by using colorimetric degradation assays on agar media. Selected ligninocellulolytic Basidiomycetes capable of degrading melanin were screened for antagonism of Botrytis cinerea Per.:Fr. The greatest inhibition of Botrytis colony and hyphal growth in vitro was observed in confrontations with Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr., Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilat, and Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.:Fr.) Pouzar. Hyphal interference and necrotrophic mycoparasitism by these ligninocellulolytic Basidiomycetes were recognized microscopically as coagulation and degeneration of Botrytis cytoplasm and as coiling and invasion of hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia, respectively. Sclerotia of B. cinerea were killed and parasitized in agar media, straw mulch, or moist sand infested separately with these three mycoparasites.Key words: hyperparasitism, hyphal interference, wood-decay fungi, melanin degradation, biocontrol, Botrytis cinerea, sclerotia, Trametes versicolor, Irpex lacteus, Chondrostereum purpureum.

TEM processing procedure for a bacillus organism grown on solid media

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
Jane Payne ◽  
Philip Coudron
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fume Hood ◽  
Vacuum Aspiration ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Processing Procedure ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Rat Bone

This transmission electron microscopy (TEM) procedure was designed to examine a gram positive spore-forming bacillus in colony on various solid agar media with minimal artifact. Cellular morphology and organization of colonies embedded in Poly/Bed 812 resin (P/B) were studied. It is a modification of procedures used for undecalcified rat bone and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus.Cultures were fixed and processed at room temperature (RT) under a fume hood. Solutions were added with a Pasteur pipet and removed by gentle vacuum aspiration. Other equipment used is shown in Figure 3. Cultures were fixed for 17-18 h in 10-20 ml of RT 2% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde (422 mosm/KgH2O) within 5 m after removal from the incubator. After 3 (30 m) changes in 0.15 M phosphate buffer (PB = 209-213 mosm/KgH2O, pH 7.39-7.41), colony cut-outs (CCO) were made with a scalpel.

Antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from various sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
A. N. Irkitova ◽  
A. V. Grebenshchikova ◽  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Agar Media

<p>An important link in solving the problem of healthy food is the intensification of the livestock, poultry and fish farming, which is possible only in the adoption and rigorous implementation of the concept of rational feeding of animals. In the implementation of this concept required is the application of probiotic preparations. Currently, there is an increased interest in spore probiotics. In many ways, this can be explained by the fact that they use no vegetative forms of the bacilli and their spores. This property provides spore probiotics a number of advantages: they are not whimsical, easily could be selected, cultivated, and dried. Moreover, they are resistant to various factors and could remain viable during a long period. One of the most famous spore microorganisms, which are widely used in agriculture, is <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. Among the requirements imposed to probiotic microorganisms is mandatory – antagonistic activity to pathogenic and conditional-pathogenic microflora. The article presents the results of the analysis of antagonistic activity of collection strains of <em>B. subtilis</em>, and strains isolated from commercial preparations. We studied the antagonistic activity on agar and liquid nutrient medias to trigger different antagonism mechanisms of <em>B. subtilis</em>. On agar media, we applied three diffusion methods: perpendicular bands, agar blocks, agar wells. We also applied the method of co-incubating the test culture (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) and the antagonist (or its supernatant) in the nutrient broth. Our results demonstrated that all our explored strains of <em>B. subtilis</em> have antimicrobial activity against a wild strain of <em>E. coli</em>, but to varying degrees. We identified strains of <em>B. subtilis</em> with the highest antagonistic effect that can be recommended for inclusion in microbial preparations for agriculture.</p><p><em><br /></em><em></em></p>

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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