Effects of photoperiod on thyroid gland development and function in growing chicks: a biochemical and morphometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (16) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Seckin Ozkanlar ◽  
Hulya Kara ◽  
Cihan Gür ◽  
Semin Gedikli ◽  
Adem Kara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Thyroid Development

Context Light treatment has a regulatory role in some growth-related functions, including thyroid development in chicks. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiod treatments on thyroid organ weight and serum thyroid hormone concentrations of broilers by use of biochemical and histological methods. Methods After the hatching, 120 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into two main groups according to sex. Both groups were then split into two sub-groups based on photoperiod treatment: 16 h (i.e. 16 h light:8 h dark) and 24 h (24 h light:0 h dark). Thyroid gland and blood samples of six animals from each group were obtained after slaughtering at 7-day intervals from Day 14 after hatching to Day 42. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by the chemiluminescence method for all groups. Thyroid weight, bodyweight and thyroid follicle diameter were also measured. Key results Thyroid weight:bodyweight ratio generally started to increase from Day 14 to Day 42, with no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the groups at the same age. For both male and female broiler chicks, morphometric measures increased as birds grew. Serum FT3 and TSH concentrations slightly decreased and serum FT4 concentrations increased in growing chicks of both sexes. Conclusions Extending the photoperiod from 16 to 24 h had no effects on thyroid gland development or functions in terms of both biochemical and morphometric parameters in broiler chicks. Implications Continuous light has minimal effects on thyroid functions of growing broiler chicks to Day 42.

scholarly journals Cytomorphological alterations of thyroid gland consequent upon fluorosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Jwalaram Kumar Chaluvadi ◽  
Srinivasulu Kande ◽  
Viswa Kumar Ramalinga ◽  
Vijay Kumar Kutala ◽  
Vijay Kumar J.
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Background: Study aimed at assessing the impact of elevated fluoride from drinking water on thyroid gland structure and function in fluorosis prone areas. Iodine is incorporated in the thyroid synthesis by thyroid gland but in the presence of low Iodine levels fluoride is likely to interfere with the concentrating capacity of thyroid of iodine in thyroid production, consequently reflecting changes in thyroid parameters and also cytomorphological features manifesting hypothyroidism in association with different pathological entities.Methods: Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh is fluorosis prone zone and subjects are picked up from highly vulnerable zone in this district and their specimens are collected to study cytomorphological changes of the thyroid gland and biochemical parameters of blood samples for thyroid function test were considered. Cytological study by way of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of thyroid gland, biochemical parameters pertaining to function of thyroid gland namely Free triiodothyronine (FT3), Free Thyroxine (FT4) and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were assessed in the subjects from fluorosis prone zone.Results: The results were statistically significant with concurrent association of different cytological alterations of thyroid gland in these subjects like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis of hypothyroidism, adenomatous goitre, colloid goitre and few of follicular adenoma/neoplasm. FNAC makes cytological changes evident showing different morphological features that comprise different pathological entities largely with an evidence of hypothyroidism in most of the cases in the given study.Conclusions: The results of the study strongly suggest assessing the magnitude of the problem of fluorosis and also magnitude of its influence on thyroid structure and function that warrants assessment of the thyroid function by biochemical and cytological studies.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Potential of Parsley Leaf (Petroselinum crispum) Essential Oil on Hypothyroidism and Testicular Injury in Mice Intoxicated by Carbon Tetrachloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gehan M. Badr ◽  
Abdulmohsen I. Algefare ◽  
Manal A. Alfwuaires
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The aim of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) leaf essential oil (PO) against the detrimental effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on the thyroid gland and testes of mice. Twenty-four adult male mice were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks. The 1st control group received 3 mL/kg olive oil intraperitoneally, twice a week followed by 0.5 mL/kg saline intragastrically daily. The 2nd CCl4 group received CCl4 (3 mL/kg intraperitoneally, twice a week). The 3rd PO group received PO (0.5 mL/kg intragastrically daily), while the 4th CCl4+PO group received CCl4 coadministrated with PO at the aforementioned doses. CCl4 group recorded significant ( p < 0.05 ) reduction in the activities of antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and significant ( p < 0.05 ) increase in the lipid peroxidation end product’s level malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testes and thyroid glands. Meanwhile, serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), total thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4)) significantly decreased. Also, histopathologically, the testicular tissue showed hypospermatogenesis within irregular-shaped seminiferous tubules with prominent edema in the interstitial spaces confirming the aforementioned biochemical alterations. Treatment with PO significantly reduced the testicular and thyroid oxidative stress ( p < 0.05 ) and elevated the testosterone (73.47%), FSH (92.11%), LH (33.33%), T3 (23.47%), fT3 (39.13%), T4 (27.91%), and fT4 (75%) as compared to that of CCl4-treated group corresponding values. The PO GC/MS analysis indicated bioactive monoterpenes (major component is 1,3,8-mentha triene 34.48%) and phenylpropenes (major component is myristicin 21.04%). Results suggested the ameliorative effect of PO against CCl4-induced hypogonadism in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining thyroid gland function.

scholarly journals Thyroid gland development and function in the zebrafish model

2009 ◽  
Vol 312 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Porazzi ◽  
D. Calebiro ◽  
F. Benato ◽  
N. Tiso ◽  
L. Persani
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gland Development

The effect of including other psychotropic medications into a long-term bipolar disorder lithium treatment on thyroid function

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kraszewska ◽  
Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak ◽  
Janusz Rybakowski
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
And Function

Background/Aims. Long-term bipolar disorder (BD) treatment with lithium exerts a significant effect on thyroid structure and function. Compared with BD patients who do not take lithium, patients treated with lithium have higher concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), lower concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), higher thyroid volume and higher occurrence of goitre. The aim of the study was to compare thyroid structure and function in relation to the inclusion of other mood stabilisers and antidepressants into a lithium treatment. Method. The studied group consisted of eighty BD patients (27 male, 53 female) aged 24–85 years, receiving a prophylactic lithium treatment for the average of 19 ± 9 years. Fifteen patients underwent lithium monotherapy; in 17, lithium was administered concurrently with carbamazepine; in 17, concurrently with quetiapine; and in 11, concurrently with valproate. In 20 subjects, lithium was administered concurrently with antidepressants. Results. In comparison with patients on lithium monotherapy, in patients who took lithium and antidepressant drugs, the concentrations of TSH were significantly higher, while in patients who took lithium and carbamazepine the concentrations of FT4 were lower. The concentrations of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were significantly higher in patients who took lithium concurrently with antidepressants and concurrently with valproate. The highest frequency of goitre (70%) was observed in patients who took lithium concurrently with antidepressants. Conclusions. The obtained results may suggest a significant effect of including other mood stabilisers and antidepressants into a long-term lithium treatment on thyroid structure and function. A limitation of the study is the small size of the groups.

The effect of long-term lithium administration on thyroid function and structure as compared with monotherapy by other mood stabilising drugs – a preliminary study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kraszewska ◽  
Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak ◽  
Janusz Rybakowski
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
And Function

Aims: Long-term treatment with lithium in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) exerts a significant effect on thyroid structure and function. Previously, it was found that adding to lithium other mood stabilising or antidepressant drugs can also be important. The aim of this preliminary study was to compare thyroid structure and function in patients with BD receiving long-term lithium monotherapy with monotherapy using other mood stabilising drugs, such as carbamazepine, valproates or quetiapine. Method: Forty-one BD patients were studied (13 male, 28 female) aged 28–80 years. In 15, monotherapy with lithium was given; in 10 – with carbamazepine; and in 8 – with valproate and quetiapine. In all patients, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT3) free triiodothyronine (fT4), and the antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (TGAb) and TSH receptors (TSHRAb) were estimated. Goiter was diagnosed when the thyroid volume exceeded 18 cm3 in women and 25 cm3 in men. Results: The groups were of similar age; however, the duration of quetiapine therapy was shorter than lithium or carbamazepine. Comparing to patients on lithium monotherapy, the median of TSH concentration was lower in patients on quetiapine, and the median of TPOAB lower in patients on valproates. The highest frequency of goiter (47%) was observed in patients receiving lithium. Conclusions: The results obtained may suggest that among the studied mood stabilisers, lithium exerts the biggest goiter-inducing effect. The differences between groups as to thyroid hormones and antibodies were not significant. The limitation of the study was a small number of studied patients.

scholarly journals Influence of radiotherapy on blood pressure in patients with cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Chong Zeng ◽  
Tai-wei Sun ◽  
Hong-jie He ◽  
Yan-ming Zhang ◽  
Shu-min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Thoracic Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Clinical Phenomenon ◽  
Upper Thoracic

Abstract Background An interesting clinical phenomenon occures frequently in our work, which indicates that blood pressure could return to normal in some hypertension patients with cervical & upper thoracic esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. We speculated that this may be related to thyroid gland damage by radiotherapy.Methods We retrospectively analyzed pre- and post-radiotherapy (RT, 1.5months, 4.5months and 7.5months) systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for a cohort of esophageal cancer patients. At 7.5 months post-RT, serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were also measured to evaluate the changes of thyroid hormones (THs) and its correaltion with changes of blood pressure. To confirm the influence of radiation on thyroid, patients were divided into cervical & upper thoracic group (C&U, n=55) and middle & lower thoracic group (M&L, n=57). Results In the C&U group, the decreases (±SD) in SBP and DBP, respectively, were 5.51 mmHg (±1.83, P=0.003) and 3.62 mmHg (±1.38, P=0.002) at 1.5 months post-RT, 6.73 mmHg (±2.24, P=0.001) and 6.15 mmHg (±1.57, P=0.012) at 4.5 months post-RT, and 8.02 mmHg (±2.73, P<0.001) and 7.91 mmHg (±2.33, P<0.001) at 7.5 months post-RT. The corresponding decreases in the M&L group were not significant at any time post-RT. At 7.5 months post-RT, serum FT3 and FT4 concentrations in C&U group decreased significantly (P<0.05) from before RT to 7.5 months after the end of RT, and TSH concentration increased significantly after RT (P<0.05). In addition, Pearson analysis showed that both FT3 and FT4 was positively correlated with decrease of systolic BP (r= 0.430, P =0.001; r=0.667, P <0.001, respectively) and diastolic BP (r = 0.370, P =0.005; r = 0.469, P < 0.001 respectively). Conclusion The present study suggests that radiotherapy in patients with cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer might result in lowering BP, which might be related to thyroid gland damage by radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules in Thyroid Differentiation and Function, From Embryos to Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arístides López-Márquez ◽  
Carlos Carrasco-López ◽  
Celia Fernández-Méndez ◽  
Pilar Santisteban
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Hippo Pathway ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
Thyroid Development

Thyroid differentiation of progenitor cells occurs during embryonic development and in the adult thyroid gland, and the molecular bases of these complex and finely regulated processes are becoming ever more clear. In this Review, we describe the most recent advances in the study of transcription factors, signaling molecules and regulatory pathways controlling thyroid differentiation and development in the mammalian embryo. We also discuss the maintenance of the adult differentiated phenotype to ensure the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. We will focus on endoderm-derived thyroid epithelial cells, which are responsible for the formation of the thyroid follicle, the functional unit of the thyroid gland. The use of animal models and pluripotent stem cells has greatly aided in providing clues to the complicated puzzle of thyroid development and function in adults. The so-called thyroid transcription factors – Nkx2-1, Foxe1, Pax8 and Hhex – were the first pieces of the puzzle identified in mice. Other transcription factors, either acting upstream of or directly with the thyroid transcription factors, were subsequently identified to, almost, complete the puzzle. Among them, the transcription factors Glis3, Sox9 and the cofactor of the Hippo pathway Taz, have emerged as important players in thyroid differentiation and development. The involvement of signaling molecules increases the complexity of the puzzle. In this context, the importance of Bmps, Fgfs and Shh signaling at the onset of development, and of TSH, IGF1 and TGFβ both at the end of terminal differentiation in embryos and in the adult thyroid, are well recognized. All of these aspects are covered herein. Thus, readers will be able to visualize the puzzle of thyroid differentiation with most – if not all – of the pieces in place.

scholarly journals Hormonal contraception with progestagen desogestrel in women with diffuse non-toxic goiter аnd autoimmune thyroiditis

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Galina Petrovna Pologoyko ◽  
Maria Igorivna Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Tatyana Mihajlovna Lekareva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
And Function

The article represents influence of gestagen desogestrel on size and function of thyroid gland in women of reproductive age. Into the study we included 70 women who were prescribed gestagen desogestrel in a daily dose of 75 mg for a period of 12 months. All the patients were devided into two groups. The first group consisted of 20 women with diffuse nontoxic goiter, the second consisted of 30 women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Control group consisted of 20 women without thyroid gland pathology. Prior to therapy with desogestrel and after 12 month of treatment, serum levels of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and thyrotropin releasing hormone, thyroperoxidase antibodies were determined and thyroid gland sonigraphy was performed in all the patients. Obtained data show that gestagen desogestrel doesn’t influence the size and function of thyroid gland in healthy women and in patients with diffuse non-toxic goiter. In women with autoimmune thyroiditis implication of desogestrel significantly decreases blood levels of thyroperoxidase autoantibodies.

scholarly journals Clinical-pathological Changes in Reproductive Age Women With Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
N. Mazhitova ◽  
R. Kalmatov ◽  
G. Abdykaimova ◽  
Zh. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology

Research relevance: Autoimmune pathology of the thyroid gland is one of the urgent problems of modern endocrinology, and this is due to the lack of clarity of pathogenetic mechanisms and the lack of objective and reliable diagnostic methods, including immunological. The mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid diseases have not yet been fully elucidated, although about a hundred years have passed since the first description of autoimmune thyroiditis. According to world statistics, thyroid disease occurs in almost 30% of the world’s population. According to the latest data, in Kyrgyzstan, they are found in 10–30 percent of the population. Objectives of the study: Clinical and pathological substantiation of ways to optimize the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis in residents of the southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Research methods: clinical and immunological (determination of the titer of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT TPO); cytokines); static method; laboratory (content of free thyroxine (T4); thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); free triiodothyronine (T3); hematological, biochemical blood test; ultrasound of the thyroid gland. Conclusions: Lack of iodine causes irreparable harm to absolutely every person: child and adult, men and women. Iodine deficiency is most common in women who are in late pregnancy.

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