scholarly journals Implications of elevated threonine plasma concentrations in the development of reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Yun Liu ◽  
Shemil P. Macelline ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Peter H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein

AbstractThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

scholarly journals Impacts of reduced-crude protein diets on key parameters in male broiler chickens offered maize-based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Amy F. Moss ◽  
Ali Khoddami ◽  
Victor D Naranjo ◽  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Synthetic and Crystalline Amino Acids: Alternatives to Soybean Meal in Chicken-Meat Production

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Selle ◽  
Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam ◽  
Andreas Lemme ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Sonia Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Crystalline Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diets

: This review explores the premise that non-bound (synthetic and crystalline) amino acids are alternatives to soybean meal, the dominant source of protein, in diets for broiler chickens. Non-bound essential and non-essential amino acids can partially replace soybean meal so that requirements are still met but dietary crude protein levels are reduced. This review considers the production of non-bound amino acids, soybeans, and soybean meal and discusses the concept of reduced-crude protein diets. There is a focus on specific amino acids, including glycine, serine, threonine, and branched-chain amino acids, because they may be pivotal to the successful development of reduced-crude protein diets. Presently, moderate dietary crude protein reductions of approximately 30 g/kg are feasible, but more radical reductions compromise broiler performance. In theory, an ‘ideal’ amino acid profile would prevent this, but this is not necessarily the case in practice. The dependence of the chicken-meat industry on soybean meal will be halved if crude protein reductions in the order of 50 g/kg are attained without compromising the growth performance of broiler chickens. In this event, synthetic and crystalline, or non-bound, amino acids will become viable alternatives to soybean meal in chicken-meat production.

The effects of diets with reduced crude protein and digestible energy content on the performance of growing and finishing pigs and the characteristics of slurry produced

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
P A Lee ◽  
A Armsby
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Protein Diets

Formulating diets to match more closely the requirements of the pig for amino acids results in diets which are lower in crude protein (CP) than conventional commercial diets. The lower intake of nitrogen (N) which is concomitant with these diets results on lower N excretion. The excretion of excess N requires energy and previous nutrient balance work undertaken at Terrington (Lee and Kay, 1998) indicated that the ‘energy sparing’ effect of the reduced crude protein diets can be utilised by reducing the digestible energy (DE) content of reduced CP diets whilst at the same time maintaining the level of N retention. The objective of this work was to determine the performance carcass characteristics and slurry characteristics of growing/finishing pigs given reduced CP/DE diets.

Low crude protein diets for broiler chickens aged 8 to 21 days should have a 50% essential-to-total nitrogen ratio

2020 ◽  
pp. 114709
Author(s):  
Rosana C. Maia ◽  
Luiz F.T. Albino ◽  
Horácio S. Rostagno ◽  
Maurílio L. Xavier Junior ◽  
Bruna S. Kreuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Protein Diets
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document