Effects of nanoparticle chromium mixed with γ-polyglutamic acid on the chromium bioavailability, growth performance, serum parameters and carcass traits of pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Tu-Fa Lien ◽  
Yu-Shan Lan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Trivalent Chromium ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Polyglutamic Acid ◽  
Serum Parameters

Because chromium is a mineral that is difficult to absorb, nanotechnology was used to produce nanoparticle trivalent chromium, which has a reduced particle size and increased surface area to increase chromium bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation nanoparticle trivalent chromium with or without γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the chromium bioavailability, growth performance, serum parameters and carcass traits of pigs. In Trial 1, eight growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc; LYD) with an initial average weight of 51.3 ± 2.0 kg were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design as the control group (without chromium supplements), the chromium picolinate group (CrPic), the nanoparticle chromium picolinate group (NanoCrPic) and the nanoparticle chromium picolinate mixed with γ-polyglutamic acid (NanoCrPic–PGA) group. Chromium was added at a level of 200 μg/kg to a basal diet containing 728 µg Cr/kg DM, using different forms of chromium, so as to evaluate the chromium bioavailability. The results of Trial 1 indicated that the bioavailability of the supplemented chromium was as follows: NanoCrPic–PGA > NanoCrPic > CrPic (P < 0.05). In Trial 2, 64 LYD growing pigs (average bodyweight 74.46 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly allotted to the same four dietary treatment groups as in Trial 1 and the same levels of chromium were added to the diet. Each group contained four pens and there were four pigs in each pen. The experimental results indicated that the gain:feed ratio in the NanoCrPic–PGA group was better than that in the NanoCrPic group (P < 0.001). The serum chromium concentrations in the NanoCrPic–PGA group were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), the serum insulin concentration in the chromium supplementation groups was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and blood glucose in the NanoCrPic group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The carcass traits were not affected by chromium supplementation. In conclusion, nanoparticle trivalent chromium, either alone or together with γ-PGA, improved chromium bioavailability and feeding effectiveness.

scholarly journals Hydroxy Selenomethionine Improves Meat Quality through Optimal Skeletal Metabolism and Functions of Selenoproteins of Pigs under Chronic Heat Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Shenggang Yin ◽  
Jiayong Tang ◽  
Yonggang Liu ◽  
Gang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Encoding Genes

Chronic heat stress (CHS) induces metabolic changes in skeletal muscle from growth to maintenance that jeopardizes growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of pigs. We investigated the protective effect of dietary organic selenium (hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid, OH-SeMet) on CHS-induced skeletal muscle damages of growing pigs, and the corresponding responses of selenoproteins. A total of 40 ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc) pigs with an average live weight of 49.64 ± 2.48 kg were used in this 4-week trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 5 groups: The control group was raised on a basal diet in a thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C); and four CHS groups were raised on a basal diet and supplemented with Se 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg as OH-SeMet, respectively, in hyperthermal condition (33 ± 2 °C). CHS resulted in significant decrease of growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality, which were associated with reduced (p < 0.05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and increased (p < 0.05) serum creatine (CK), sarcous heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glucokinase (GCK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Meanwhile, four metabolism-related genes and seven selenoprotein encoding genes were abnormally expressed in skeletal muscle. Dietary OH-SeMet addition partially alleviated the negative impact of CHS on carcass traits and improved meat quality. These improvements were accompanied by the increase in Se deposition, the anti-oxidative capacity of serum and muscle, and protein abundance of GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, and SELENOP. Supplementation with 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored the sarcous PEPCK, and 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg (OH-SeMet) restored all abnormally expressed metabolism-related and selenoprotein encoding genes. In summary, dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet beyond Se requirement mitigated CHS-induced depression of carcass traits and meat quality of pigs associated with optimal skeletal metabolism, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and regulation of selenoproteins in skeletal muscle of pigs.

scholarly journals The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
A. A. Ayoola ◽  
L. T. Egbeyale ◽  
D. A. Ekunseitan ◽  
A. V. Adegoke ◽  
O. P. Adeyeri
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Average Weight Gain

A feeding trial was conducted for 56days to investigate the effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal on the growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens. The neem leaf meal was used in replacing parts of wheat offal in the diets of 192 day-old broiler chickens fed ad libitum at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% levels of inclusion. The experimental birds were randomly distributed into four treatments. Each treatment was sub-divided into three replicates of sixteen (16) birds. Medications were administered only to the birds in treatment 1(control group) while vaccination was administered across the treatment during the course of the experiment. Growth parameters were taken on weekly basis and data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design. There was a significant (P<0.05) effect of varying dietary inclusion of NLM only on average weight gain among the birds at the starter phase. Groups fed 0.3% NLM recorded the highest average weight gain (430.63g) as against 421.00, 392.57 and 394.97g recorded for the control, 0.1% and 0.2% NLM groups, respectively. Neem leaf meal had nosignificant (P<0.05) effect on broiler performance at the finisher phase across the treatment groups. Mortality was not affected (P>0.05) at any of the growth phases. Carcass traits; cut-parts (except neck) and organs showed no influence (P>0.05) of NLM inclusion. It can then be recommended that the neem leaf meal inclusion up to 0.3% in the diets of the broiler chickens can be used as growth promoters during the chick phase of growth.

Effects of nanoparticle chromium on chromium absorbability, growth performance, blood parameters and carcass traits of pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti-Ying Li ◽  
Chao-Ming Fu ◽  
Tu-Fa Lien
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nanoparticle Size ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Thickness

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of nanoparticle trivalent chromium on chromium absorbability, growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics of pigs. In Trial 1, five growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) (initial average weight was 31.3 ± 2.0 kg) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design as the Control group (without supplement of chromium), the chromium chloride group (CrCl3), the chromium picolinate group (CrPic), the nanoparticle chromium chloride group (NanoCrCl3), and the nanoparticle chromium picolinate group (NanoCrPic). The pigs were adapted for 7 days, followed by a 5-day test period and a collection period. The chromium was added at a 200 μg/kg level to the diet using different chromium sources for evaluating the chromium absorbability. The results of Trial 1 indicated that there were no differences in feed components digestibility among the groups, but the absorbability of chromium in the NanoCrPic (27.5%) group was the highest, whereas that in the CrCl3 group was the lowest (4.91%). Moreover, the chromium source, nanoparticle size and interaction effects were observed between these two factors (P < 0.001). In Trial 2, 60 Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc growing pigs (average bodyweight was 76.7 ± 4.5 kg) were randomly allotted to five dietary treatment groups as used in Trial 1, each group with four pens (three pigs/pen). The study was conducted for 60 days. Their growth performance, carcass and meat traits were also evaluated. Trial 2 results indicated that feed intake in the chromium-added groups was greater (P < 0.007) than that in the Control group. The average daily bodyweight gain in the chromium-added groups was greater than that in the Control group (P = 0.046). The serum non-esterified fatty acids level was lower (P < 0.0001) in the NanoCr groups. Serum chromium concentration was increased by dietary chromium supplementation, and the chromium source, nanoparticle size and their interaction effects (P < 0.001) were observed. The average back fat thickness in the CrPic and NanoCrPic groups was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the Control group. Meat chromium content was elevated by dietary chromium supplementation, particularly in the CrPic and NanoCrPic groups (P < 0.05). The chromium source, nanoparticle size and interaction effects between these two factors were observed in serum non-esterified fatty acids and chromium content. The muscle chromium content also affected by chromium source and displayed interaction of source and nanoparticle size. In conclusion, chromium supplementation could increase feed intake and average daily gain, serum and longissimus muscle chromium content, as well as reduce back fat thickness of pigs. In addition, nanoparticle organic trivalent chromium could increase chromium absorbability and decrease serum non-esterified fatty acids concentrations. Organic form was better than inorganic form in chromium absorbability, serum and longissimus muscle chromium content and average back fat thickness.

Effects of feeding Isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response of broiler chickens

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Gaafar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Lipids Profile

The research was conducted to study the effect of feeding broiler chickens on diets containing isomaltooligosaccharides on the growth performance, carcass traits and immune response. 90-one day old broiler chicks were used according to completely randomized two treatment groups and one control, 30 birds each. Birds fed ad-libitum on basal starter and grower-finisher diets for 35 day. Diets of treatment`s groups contained 0.5 g/Kg and 1 g/Kg of Isomaltooligosaccharides, while the control group fed on the basal diets without Isomaltooligosaccharides supplementation. Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with Isomaltooligosaccharides improved body weight, feed conversion, carcass traits, two lymphoid organs weight and log antibody titer against avian flu vaccine. Most of the highest values were for birds fed low levels of Isomaltooligosaccharides. Feed intake decreases as Isomaltooligosaccharides level increases. Dietary supplementation with Isomaltooligosaccharides did not affect the lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL), however the blood VLDL levels decreased with increased levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione reductase. Collectively, Dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with 0.5 g/Kg diet of Isomaltooligosaccharides improved growth performance, carcass traits and immune status.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzyme, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Deng ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Diet Supplementation

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets. A total of 72 piglets were weighed and randomly allotted into three treatments (four replication pens per treatment with six piglets/pen) for a 28-day experiment. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (control group, CTR), basal diet supplementation with antibiotic (antibiotic group, ABT), and basal diet supplementation with 0.1% Bacillus subtilis (probiotic group, PBT). The average daily gain of body weight increased in both the ABT and PBT groups, and dietary antibiotics decreased the feed:gain ratio (F:G), as compared to the CTR group (P < 0.05). Both ABT and PBT piglets had increased serum triglycerides and lipase, amylase, maltase activities and villus height:crypt depth ratio (V/C) in ileum (P < 0.05). The PBT group also showed an increase in serum glucose and villus height in the ileum (P < 0.05). Dietary antibiotics increased Lactobacillus johnsonii, as compared to the CTR group, but decreased bacterial diversity and increased Escherichia coli, as compared to the PBT group (P < 0.05). Piglets dietary with B. subtilis modulated the microbiota by increasing the abundance of Firmicutes (L. johnsonii, L. reuteri) and decreasing the abundance of E. coli, as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary of B. subtilis improves growth performance and intestinal health and can be a promising alternative to antibiotics in piglets diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Defatted Rice Bran Inclusion Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Different Body Weight Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Huangwei Shi ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stage 1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diet prepared with different levels of defatted rice bran (DFRB) and weight stages on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing–finishing pigs. The animal experiment included three stages. A total of 240 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 28.06 ± 8.56 kg for stage 1 were allocated to five diets including one control group and four DFRB diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% DFRB, respectively. The 192 crossbred pigs with initial body weights of 55.03 ± 7.31 kg and 74.55 ± 9.10 kg were selected for stage 2 and stage 3, respectively. Pigs were allocated to four diets including one control group and three DFRB diets supplemented with 10%, 15% and 20% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that with the increase in DFEB intake, the gain: feed was linearly increased (p < 0.05), and the average daily feed intake tended to linearly decrease (p = 0.06) in stage 1. Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in stage 3, levels of DFRB had significant effects on the ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF in three weight stages. In stage 1, with the increase in levels of DFRB, the ATTD of NDF and hemicellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 2, with the increasing levels of DFRB, the ATTD of DM, ash and cellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 3, the ATTD of GE, DM, ash, NDF and hemicellulose decreased linearly with the increase in levels of DFRB (p < 0.01). Collectively, DFRB could be used as a replacement for corns and soybean meal, and weight stage is important to consider when adjusting the additive proportion.

Impact of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic, organic acids or their combination on growth performance, carcass traits, economic efficiency, jejunum histomorphometry and some blood indices of broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman S. Salah ◽  
Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany ◽  
Mohamed A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Blood Constituents

The objective was to explore the possible impacts of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic, organic acids or their combination on the growing efficiency, carcass traits and some blood constituents in broilers. In total, 160 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into four equal groups (40 birds with 8 replicates). The control group received the basal diet with no supplements, while diets of the treated groups were supplemented with organic acids (OA; 1 g/kg), a synbiotic (S; 1 g/kg) and an equal mix of OA and the synbiotic (OS; 2 g/kg). The dietary supplementation with OA decreased the feed intake (P = 0.011) and bodyweight gain (P = 0.011) when compared with other experimental groups. However, the dietary supplementation with the synbiotic plus OA resulted in a considerable improvement in the overall feed conversion rate when compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.001). Groups fed the diets supplemented with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA showed significantly higher net profits and the profit to cost ratio than did the CON and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.010 and 0.005 respectively). Birds in the S and OS groups had a significantly higher jejunum villus height (P = 0.001), and carcass (P = 0.012) and breast meat (P = 0.001) yields than did those in the control and OA groups. However, the synbiotic-supplemented group produced significantly lower abdominal fat percentage (P = 0.021). The dietary supplementation with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA decreased the lymphocyte counts (P = 0.003) and the serum reduced glutathione concentration (P = 0.001), but significantly decreased the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.001), and the serum cholesterol (P = 0.014) and oxidised glutathione (P = 0.002) concentrations compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups. The present findings showed that dietary supplementation with a synbiotic or a synbiotic plus OA can improve the growth performance, carcass traits, serum antioxidant activity and blood-related indices in broilers.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

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